Number Of Complete Cycles Research Articles

Abstract A062: Age-, sex-, and race-related disparities in receipt of HypomethyLating Agents (HMA) for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

Abstract Objective: Recent data suggest low use of HMAs in patients with MDS in real world. We sought to identify factors associated with HMA use. Methods: Using 2011-2014 Medicare data, we identified individuals ³65 years of age diagnosed with incident MDS during the years 2012-2013 and receiving their care exclusively through the Medicare fee-for-service system. Collected data included age, race, sex, morbidity burden based on their frailty status (robust, pre-frail, mildly frail, moderately, or severely frail), nursing home residence, presence of MDS-related clinical characteristics [cytopenia (0-1 or ³2) and transfusion dependence (independent, low, or medium/high)], area-level socioeconomic measures [percent of individuals with income 100% below the federal poverty level; percent of adults (age > 25 years) without high school diploma; rurality, based on the rural-urban continuum code; and availability of general internal medicine subspecialists per 100,000 population], and receipt of bone marrow biopsy. Among those who received HMA, we grouped patients by the number of complete cycles (1-2, 3-5, or ³6). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate the association between demographic characteristics and receipt of HMA, adjusting for MDS-related clinical characteristics, frailty, and socioeconomic measures. Results: Of 49,154 MDS pts, only 16.1% (7,935) received HMA. This percentage ranged from a low of 7.4% among individuals ³85 years of age to a high of 23.2% among those in the 65-74 age group. Receipt of HMA was significantly higher in men than in women (19.0% vs. 12.8%), in Whites than in minoritized patients (16.7% vs. 11.6% in Blacks, and 12.7% in those of Other race), higher among those with 2-3 cytopenias vs. 0-1 cytopenia and highest among those with medium/high transfusion dependence (44.7%). Among those who underwent biopsy, receipt of HMA was at 22.9%. Patients with moderate or severe frailty, and those in a nursing home had significantly lower rates of receipt of HMA. After adjusting for MDS-related clinical variables, frailty and socioeconomic measures, older patients had significantly lower odds than their younger counterparts to receive HMA [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 0.84, (95% confidence interval: 0.79-0.89), and aOR: 0.43 (0.40-0.47) for those in the 75-84 and ³85 age groups, respectively). Females and minoritized patients had significantly lower odds than men and White patients to receive HMA [(aOR: 0.83 (0.79-0.88) for females; aOR: 0.71 (0.63-0.81) for Blacks, and aOR: 0.78 (0.68-0.89) for patients of Other race). Among those receiving HMA, we did not observe differences in the number of completed cycles by age, race, or sex. Conclusions: In Medicare beneficiaries with MDS, older patients, women, and minoritized patients have significantly lower odds to be treated with HMAs, even after adjusting for MDS-related clinical variables, morbidity burden, and socioeconomic measures. In addition to barriers to access adequate care, these results clearly reflect biases in MDS treatment, favoring younger, White men. Citation Format: Sudipto Mukherjee, Weichuan Dong, Aaron T. Gerds, Hetty E. Carraway, Abhay Singh, Anjali S. Advani, Siran M. Koroukian. Age-, sex-, and race-related disparities in receipt of HypomethyLating Agents (HMA) for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A062.

A comparative study of commonly used batteries in household rooftop solar battery systems based on test data of commercial batteries

In recent years, uptake of grid integrated household rooftop solar battery systems (RSBSs) has increased significantly. This paper presents a thorough analysis on technical and economic performances of the common types of batteries featuring in RSBSs using test data of different commercial batteries. In this study, number of complete cycles, battery voltage deviation during a discharge period, discharge capacity, energy output and round trip efficiency are considered as the technical performance indicators of a RSBS battery. While evaluating the economic performance, the expected household net incomes from the RSBSs of different battery types have been calculated considering the uncertainties in household electricity demand and solar power generation using Monte-Carlo Simulation. Moreover, the payback period of RSBSs of different battery types have been predicted in this study. The outcomes of this study provide a clear insight to the performance of commonly used batteries in the RSBS, which will aid the end users in making educated decisions while choosing RSBSs.

Dialectical Behavior Group Therapy for Adolescents and Parents: Analysis of Answer Entropy

Introduction: The work’s purpose is to study the group behavior of the members of six therapeutic groups, two closed and four slow-open, involved in a Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) class. We studied three groups of teenagers and three of their parents or legal guardians. We confronted the groups’ responses to an “absurd questionnaire” submitted during the training, and we concentrated on the entropy of the response. Methods: The research method consists of a questionnaire administered to training attendees. Participants chose one picture in each one of 50 couples (“absurd questionnaire”). In this work, we could propose a questionnaire to each trainee before the first meeting of the groups. We studied the longitudinal evolution of entropy, and we also compared the six groups according to their first picture choices and their evolution, the changes in the choices, the number of changes (flux), and the divergence or convergence toward the initial answer (focus). We have also analyzed the frequency of entropy variation via the Fourier transform. Results: We find the maximum statistical difference between parents’ and adolescents’ closed groups. The entropy trend is steeper in the adolescent closed group. The entropy evolution depends more on the age group (parents or adolescents) in closed and slow-open groups than on the setting. We found an increase in entropy from the beginning to the end of the training in all the groups. Conclusions: The clear outcome of this study is the augmentation in entropy in all the groups regardless of the settings (closed or slow-open) and possibly a similar entropy’s dominant oscillation frequency, that is, the number of complete cycles in the training interval, regardless of the type of group and the training duration.

Bragg Scattering of Surface Gravity Waves Due to Multiple Bottom Undulations and a Semi-Infinite Floating Flexible Structure

Surface gravity wave interaction with a semi-infinite floating elastic plate in the presence of multiple undulations has been studied under the assumption of linearized water wave theory and small amplitude structural response. The elastic plate is modeled using the Euler-Bernoulli beam equation, whilst the multiple undulations are categorized as an array of submerged trenches or breakwaters. The numerical solution obtained in finite water depth using the boundary element method is validated with the semi-analytic solution obtained under shallow water approximation. Bragg resonance occurs due to the scattering of surface waves by an array of trenches or breakwaters irrespective of the presence of the floating semi-infinite plate. The zero-minima in wave reflection occur when the width of the trench and breakwater is an integer multiple of 0.6 and 0.35 times wavelength, respectively, as the number of trenches or breakwaters increases. In contrast to trenches and breakwaters in isolation, non-zero minima in wave reflection occur in the presence of a semi-infinite plate. Moreover, the number of complete cycles in trenches is less than the number of complete cycles in breakwaters, irrespective of the presence of the floating structure. The frequency of occurrence of zero minimum in wave reflection is reduced in the presence of the semi-infinite plate, and wave reflection increases with an increase in rigidity of the floating plate. Time-dependent simulation of free surface displacement and plate deflection due to multiple undulations of seabed in the presence of the semi-infinite floating plate is demonstrated in different cases.

Counting Repetitions using Sensor

This paper describes the step by step process for counting the number of repetition using different Mobile Phone Sensors. The Algorithm is tested on various datasets acquired by the people. To keep it simple and accessible to low-end devices, the algorithm needed to be simple and fast. We identify the most volatile axis, and then smooth the curve to remove any noise, 1 cycle being the 1 complete motion we calculate the number of complete cycles by the axis wave which gives us the total number of repetitive motions completed.

Analysis of a series resonant AC/DC converter with integral cycle mode control for high frequency AC distribution systems

The study of a resonant AC/DC converter, thought for high frequency sinusoidal AC power distribution systems, is performed in this article. The control switch is commuted at the resonant current zero crossings, staying closed (or open) for a certain number of complete cycles. This commutation strategy, known as “integral cycle mode control”, gives soft-switching which improves efficiency, minimizes EMI and increases reliability and converter life span. Also, the input current has a low THD and a good power factor. A suitable scheme to control the converter is proposed. It consists of an internal loop based on sliding mode techniques, for regulating the amplitude of the resonant current, and an external PI loop with an added feed-forward action, that sets the DC output voltage. The main objective is minimizing the disturbing effect that variations in the AC bus voltage and load consumption have over the DC output voltage. For the design of the control laws, a model expressed in terms of rectified and averaged sinusoidal variables is employed. Computer simulations have been performed, considering typical surrounding conditions for this kind of application. The obtained results show that the converter DC output voltage stay always close to its reference value, presenting good rejection against the aforementioned disturbances

Energy dissipation in soil samples during cyclic triaxial simulations

Energy terms were computed in a set of undrained cyclic triaxial discrete-element method simulations which form a parametric study of five factors: void ratio, initial mean effective stress, mean deviator stress, deviator stress amplitude and compressive/extensive initial loading. Void ratio is the only one of these factors which significantly affects the relationship between the excess pore water pressure and the unit energy dissipated (energy dissipated per unit volume). The trends in both the number of complete cycles and the unit energy up to the onset of liquefaction match experimental data. Through analysis of the micro-scale particle and contact information, a preferred contact orientation for frictional dissipation of 30–40° was found. Following a shear reversal, there is a period of negligible frictional dissipation in these simulations of around 0.04% axial strain. This explains, from an energy perspective, why many load cycles are needed to induce liquefaction if their amplitude is very small. A commonly used energy-based model to evaluate the liquefaction potential of a soil was assessed. A substantial improvement in the predictive ability of this model may be achieved by including the mean deviator stress.

Assisted reproductive technology in Australia and New Zealand: cumulative live birth rates as measures of success.

To estimate cumulative live birth rates (CLBRs) following repeated assisted reproductive technology (ART) ovarian stimulation cycles, including all fresh and frozen/thaw embryo transfers (complete cycles). Prospective follow-up of 56 652 women commencing ART in Australian and New Zealand during 2009-2012, and followed until 2014 or the first treatment-dependent live birth. CLBRs and cycle-specific live birth rates were calculated for up to eight cycles, stratified by the age of the women (< 30, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, > 44 years). Conservative CLBRs assumed that women discontinuing treatment had no chance of achieving a live birth if had they continued treatment; optimal CLBRs assumed that they would have had the same chance as women who continued treatment. The overall CLBR was 32.7% (95% CI, 32.2-33.1%) in the first cycle, rising by the eighth cycle to 54.3% (95% CI, 53.9-54.7%) (conservative) and 77.2% (95% CI, 76.5-77.9%) (optimal). The CLBR decreased with age and number of complete cycles. For women who commenced ART treatment before 30 years of age, the CLBR for the first complete cycle was 43.7% (95% CI, 42.6-44.7%), rising to 69.2% (95% CI, 68.2-70.1%) (conservative) and 92.8% (95% CI, 91.6-94.0) (optimal) for the seventh cycle. For women aged 40-44 years, the CLBR was 10.7% (95% CI, 10.1-11.3%) for the first complete cycle, rising to 21.0% (95% CI, 20.2-21.8%) (conservative) and 37.9% (95% CI, 35.9-39.9%) (optimal) for the eighth cycle. CLBRs based on complete cycles are meaningful estimates of ART success, reflecting contemporary clinical practice and encouraging safe practice. These estimates can be used when counselling patients and to inform public policy on ART treatment.

The effects of pre-sleep learning on sleep continuity, stability, and organization in elderly individuals.

Several studies have consistently shown that pre-sleep learning is associated to changes of sleep structure. Whereas previous research has mainly focused on sleep states, namely REM and NREM amount, very little attention has been paid to the hypothesis that pre-sleep learning might improve sleep continuity, stability, and cyclic organization, which are often impaired in aging. Thus, aim of this research was to assess, in a sample of 18 healthy elderly subjects, whether a memory task administered at bedtime would determine changes in any sleep parameter, with special regard to sleep continuity, stability, and organization. To this purpose, a baseline sleep (BL), i.e., a normal sleep with 9-h time in bed (TIB), was compared to a post-training sleep (TR), with the same TIB but preceded by an intensive training session. For the latter, a verbal declarative task was used, consisting in learning paired-word lists, rehearsed, and recalled for three times in a row. To control for individual learning abilities, subjects were administered several sets of lists with increasing difficulty, until they reached an error rate ≥20% at third recall. Relative to BL, TR shows a significant reduction in the frequency of brief awakenings, arousals, state transitions, “functional uncertainty” (FU) periods, and in the percentage of time in FU over total sleep time (TST). A significant increase in the number of complete cycles, total cycle time (TCT), and TCT/TST proportion was also found. All these changes are evenly distributed over the sleep episode. No sleep stage measure display significant changes, apart from a slight reduction in the percentage of Stage 1. Scores at retest are negatively correlated with both the frequency of arousals and of state transitions. Our data suggest that pre-sleep learning can yield a beneficial re-organizing effect on elderlies’ sleep quality. The inverse correlation between recall scores and the measures of sleep continuity and stability provides further support to the role of these features in memory processes.

Determination of the Na +/Glucose Cotransporter (SGLT1) Turnover Rate using the Ion-Trap Technique

The Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) is a membrane protein that couples the transport of 2 Na+ ions and 1 glucose molecule using the “alternating access mechanism”. This mechanism involves the cotransporter oscillating between two conformations characterized by intracellular versus extracellular accessibility to the binding sites. The turnover rate (TOR) is the number of complete cycles that each cotransporter performs per second. It is a crucial parameter to establish since it can be used to estimate the number of cotransporters present and it sets a lower limit for the slowest rate constant involved in the cotransport mechanism (conformational changes, binding and de-binding reactions). In this study, we obtained an independent estimate of the TOR for human SGLT1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using a new approach: the Ion-Trap technique (ITT, Blanchard MG. et al. AJP 2008;295(5):C1464-72.) where an extracellular ion-selective electrode of large diameter is used to detect the quantity of ions that are rapidly taken up by the cotransporter (within 20 ms) when the binding sites are suddenly exposed to the extracellular solution by application of a negative membrane potential. Taking advantage of the fact that hSGLT1, in the absence of Na+, can cotransport glucose with protons, we used a pH electrode to determine a TOR of 8.00 ± 1.3 s−1 in the presence of 35 mM α-methyl-glucose (αMG) at −150 mV (pH 5.5). This can be used to calculate a TOR of 13.3 ± 2.4 s−1, for the same group of oocytes, under near Vmax conditions i.e. in the presence of 90 mM Na+ and 5 mM αMG. Under these circumstances, the average cotransport current was −1.08 ± 0.61 μA (n=14) and this activity was generated by an average of 3.6 ± 0.7 ×1011 cotransporter molecules per oocyte.

Determination of the Na+/Glucose Cotransporter (SGLT1) Turnover Rate Using the Ion-Trap Technique

The Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) is a membrane protein that couples the transport of two Na+ ions and one glucose molecule using the so-called alternating access mechanism. According to this principle, each cotransporter molecule can adopt either of two main conformations: one with the binding sites accessible to the extracellular solution and one with the binding sites facing the intracellular solution. The turnover rate (TOR) is the number of complete cycles that each protein performs per second. Determination of the TOR has important consequences for investigation of the cotransport mechanism, as none of the rate constants involved in mediating transport in a given direction (conformational changes and binding and unbinding reactions) can be slower than the TOR measured under the same conditions. In addition, the TOR can be used to estimate the number of cotransporter molecules involved in generating a given ensemble activity. In this study, we obtain an independent estimation of the TOR for human SGLT1 expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes applying the ion-trap technique. This approach detects the quantity of ions released in or taken up from the restricted space existing between the oocyte plasma membrane and the tip of a large ion-selective electrode. Taking advantage of the fact that hSGLT1 in the absence of Na+ can cotransport glucose with protons, we used a pH electrode to determine a TOR of 8.00 ± 1.3 s−1 in the presence of 35 mM α-methyl-glucose at −150 mV (pH 5.5). For the same group of oocytes, a TOR of 13.3 ± 2.4 s−1 was estimated under near-Vmax conditions, i.e., in the presence of 90 mM Na+ and 5 mM α-methyl-glucose. Under these circumstances, the average cotransport current was −1.08 ± 0.61 μA (n = 14), and this activity was generated by an average of 3.6 ± 0.7 × 1011 cotransporter molecules/oocyte.

Evaluation of Fourier transform of impulse response of linear time invariant systems

Evaluation of the Fourior transform of the system impulse response is an important aspect of the design of control systems. A method suggested hero requires only one cycle of sine or cosine wave to be applied as an input to the system. It is proved that the sum of the sampled values of the output response, at the sampling interval equal to the period of the input wave, directly yields the sign and cosine transforms respectively. The procedure is generalized to any number of complete cycles of input wave, as well as to n/2 cycles whore n is any odd positive integer.

An Electronic Instrument for the Accurate Measurement of the Frequency of Structural Oscillations

An instrument is described which measures the time duration of a specified number of complete cycles of an oscillation over the frequency range OT cycles per second to 500 cycles per second. The accuracy of the reading is dependent on the frequency measured and the number of cycles taken; but, in most cases, an accuracy better than 01 per cent is obtainable. The construction of the instrument is described and circuit diagrams given.

The Number of Complete Cycles in a Communication Network

The Number of Complete Cycles in a Communication Network