Number Of Clashes Research Articles

Pismo szefa sztabu Obozu Zjednoczenia Narodowego do przewodniczącego okręgu łódzkiego Obozu dotyczące członków grupy „Jutro Pracy”

The decomposition of the political camp of Józef Piłsudski after 1935 led to the increasing influence of supporters of stronger cooperation with nationalist groups, which concluded with the creation of the Camp of National Unity in 1937. The Camp was composed (among others) of a group of nationalist members of the ruling political camp, the so called “Jutro Pracy” group. After a period of harmonious cooperation, the number of clashes between leaders of the Camp and the group’s members led to the latter’s exodus from the Camp. In response to this exit, the chief of staff, and a supporter of totalitarianism, colonel Zygmunt Wenda, published a missive describing actions that should be taken by the leaders of the Camp in this situation. The analysis of content of the missive and parallel political events leads to a conclusion that the consolidation declared by political leaders of the Camp was only a facade, and differences of opinion within the ruling group were clearly visible.

The Applicability of Using Automation in Construction in Iraq

Several governments around the world announced new strategies regarding their construction industry. These strategies focus on reducing construction projects' time, cost and improving their impact on the environment. To achieving these goals within the proposed time scale, these authorities advise their stakeholders to start to implement different methods in project delivery such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), Geographic Information System (GIS), and many more. All these new technologies and methods will reduce human errors in the project lifecycle which will lead to reducing project waste. In addition, this will pave the road to automation in construction. Automation will help to mitigate the huge number of clashes and mistakes. Iraq an oil-depended country suffering from economic crises due to the considerable reduction in oil prices. This struggle must enforce the government to use this opportunity to solve current project problems such as project delays and budgets overrun and rethink how to reduce construction project time and cost. However, the applicability and understanding of these new methods and technologies need to be explored first among the Iraqi construction industry. This paper will investigate the understanding of automation in construction among different disciplines working with different experiences in the Iraq construction industry. The method of survey was used to sightsee their view regarding automation in construction understanding, benefits, and the challenges. The results reveal that there a positive view in terms of understating the meaning of automation in construction. In addition, several benefits are identified as the most effective gains if these new methods are implemented. Furthermore, more than a few challenges also have been acknowledged that need to be considered to increase the successfulness of implementing automation in construction.

The Influence of International Public Opinion on Pak-Afghan Border Management

This research paper examines the influence of International Public Opinion on Pakistan-Afghanistan border management. Though Durand Line is a recognized border between Pakistan and Afghanistan, but its management has been a source of contention between the two neighboring countries. The long porous border between Pakistan and Afghanistan remained threat to Pakistan’s security. In 2016, Pakistan started fencing work on its border with Afghanistan which was indeed a significant step towards border management. During the last two decades, relationships between Pakistan and Afghanistan reached their lowest level due to a number of clashes along Pak-Afghan border. The traditional media along with new media technologies has increased the scope of International Public Opinion or World Opinion as well as its influence on international events. The paper explores the leverage and impacts of International Public Opinion on border management between Pakistan and Afghanistan and highlight the significance of positive International Opinion on this border management. This paper highlights reports of global organizations, international media, role of social media, and state policies and their efforts in resolving Pak-Afghan border management issues.

Influence of distance to depth shot of a CO2-powered airsoft gun with lead shot ammunition and shape of the temporary and permanent cavity in ballistic gelatine.

The increasing aggression in the population, which is undoubtedly associated with the onset of narcissism, also entails an increase in the number of assaults in society. Of course, the number of clashes when a Weapon is used is also increasing. In most cases, these are weapons classified as weapons of category D (according to the Czech legislation), especially air guns, expansion weapons, and airsoft guns. This fact needs to be addressed, not by impulsive bans under duress, but by subjecting these weapons to the investigation, especially in the field of wounding ballistics, which answers the questions about the wounding potential of these weapons. This paper deals with one of these weapons, specifically airsoft gun with used ammunition lead shot. The depth of the shot and the size of the temporary and permanent cavity in relation to the distance were investigated, the contact distance was measured, and then the distance of 5 m.

Pak-Afghan Border: A Case Study of Border Management

The controversy surrounding the Pak-Afghan border and its mismanagement continues to be one of the most contentious bilateral issues between Pakistan and Afghanistan. In the recent past, relations between the two neighbours have reached their lowest following a number of clashes along the Pak-Afghan border, which have led to fatalities on both sides. Although internationally the Durand Line is accepted as a recognised border, yet all successive Afghan regimes, including the Taliban have rejected the legality of the border. Since 2012-13, there has been a steady rise in cross-border movement, cross-border attacks and militancy, which has sparked a debate in Pakistan to advocate for effective management and regulation of the Pak-Afghan border. However, all border initiatives proposed by Pakistan have been rejected by Afghanistan. There appears to be a contradiction in the Afghan position. On the one hand, Afghan authorities claim that the Durand Line divides families living on both sides of the border, yet at the same time they continue to accuse Pakistan of interference, supporting the Afghan Taliban, cross-border terrorism, considering Afghanistan its ‘backyard,’ and ‘fifth province.’ The Afghans allege that Pakistan does not respect Afghanistan’s sovereignty. Ironically, whenever Pakistan has raised the issue of border recognition, management or regulation, there has been stern opposition from Afghanistan. Therefore, it is essential that Pakistan and Afghanistan find a mechanism to manage, stabilise and control the unregulated border. This requires an effective border control regime that transforms this historically contentious border into a conduit for cooperation rather than confrontation. This paper focuses on the reasons that have made the Pak-Afghan border so contentious, the steps Pakistan is taking to secure this border, and reasons for Afghan opposition. The paper also suggests a way forward.

Design of combinatorial protein libraries of optimal size

In this article we introduce a computational procedure, OPTCOMB (Optimal Pattern of Tiling for COMBinatorial library design), for designing protein hybrid libraries that optimally balance library size with quality. The proposed procedure is directly applicable to oligonucleotide ligation-based protocols such as GeneReassembly, DHR, SISDC, and many more. Given a set of parental sequences and the size ranges of the parental sequence fragments, OPTCOMB determines the optimal junction points (i.e., crossover positions) and the fragment contributing parental sequences at each one of the junction points. By rationally selecting the junction points and the contributing parental sequences, the number of clashes (i.e., unfavorable interactions) in the library is systematically minimized with the aim of improving the overall library quality. Using OPTCOMB, hybrid libraries containing fragments from three different dihydrofolate reductase sequences (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus casei) are computationally designed. Notably, we find that there exists an optimal library size when both the number of clashes between the fragments composing the library and the average number of clashes per hybrid in the library are minimized. Results reveal that the best library designs typically involve complex tiling patterns of parental segments of unequal size hard to infer without relying on computational means.