Number Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Research Articles

Investigation of the interrelationships of levels of brain natriuretic peptide with frequency of exacerbations and the degree of limitation of air flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The objective: was to study the levels of brain natriuretic peptide in relation to the frequency of exacerbations and the degree of limitation of air flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Materials and methods. The study involved 120 patients with COPD II-IV stages. Formed treatment groups, stratification of patients by the degree of limitation of air flow rate, frequency of exacerbations of the disease (for the last 12 months). All patients were active smokers.Results. The patterns of correlation between the degree of air flow restriction and the level of BNP in patients with COPD have been revealed, which also allows to explain the relationship between the severity of obstruction and the processes of myocardial remodeling, since the level of BNP, in this case, can be considered as a binding pathogenetic link. The obtained data testify to the continuous increase of BNP level depending on the number of COPD exacerbations.Conclusion. To illustrate the dependence of the level of BNP on the degree of airflow limitation and the frequency of exacerbations of COPD, graphical and analytical (polynominal) models have been constructed, which, in clinical practice, allows the use of predicted / reference values for BNP levels.

THE ROLE OF CIGARETTE POLICIES IN REDUCING CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION AND THE OCCURRENCES OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND LUNG CANCER IN MALAYSIA

ABSTRACT In Malaysia, smoking is the third risk factor with the most disease burden and it was hugely associated with diseases of the heart and lungs. In response to the tobacco epidemic, WHO had adopted the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on 21 st May 2003 but despite ratifying to FCTC in 2005 and enforcing various types of policies in the country, consumption of cigarette remains widespread in Malaysia. Hence the objective of this study which is to determine the role of cigarette policies in reducing cigarette consumption and the occurrences of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer in Malaysia. This is a time series study with cigarette consumption and COPD and lung cancer occurrences as the dependent variables while the independent variable was all policies related to cigarette smoking in Malaysia between the years 1995 until 2017. Data analyses were done using Microsoft Excel Version 16.12, and IBM SPSS Statistics Version 23. Descriptive statistics were conducted to describe the variables using mean and standard deviation or as median and interquartile range. Time series scatter plot was utilized to plot the data on a monthly basis. The mean for cigarette consumption was 1,268.34 million cigarettes (standard deviation (SD) 669.31 million). The median for minimum cigarette price was RM0.35 per cigarette (interquartile range (IQR) RM0.10 per cigarette). Import duty showed a median of RM0.20 (IQR RM0.06) while excise duty’s median and IQR was RM0.12 and RM0.19 respectively. The median for COPD was 962 cases (IQR 381), while the mean for lung cancer cases was 231 cases (SD 55). Cigarette consumption showed a fluctuating pattern followed by a down going trend from year 2012 until 2017. This coincides with the introduction of more cigarette related policies and the introduction of minimum cigarette price policy with increasing excise tax rates. However, COPD and lung cancer cases showed an increasing trend despite the decreasing cigarette consumption, more policies implementation and increasing tax rates. In conclusion, cigarette policies have played a major role in reducing cigarette consumption but not the number of COPD and lung cancer occurrences in Malaysia from year 1995 until 2017. Keywords: cigarette related policies, cigarette consumption, lung cancer, COPD, Malaysia

ANTI-NICOTINE VACCINES: NEW PERSPECTIVE FOR SMOKERS AND CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)

Abstract: Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) become a global problem in the world. The increasing number of smokers in the world also led to significantly increased morbidity and mortality due to COPD. Many attempts were made, ranging from government policy that prohibits smoking in public places, to pharmacological therapy, and psychotherapy for smokers. However, often there is a failure to quit smoking. Dependence on nicotine is an important factor that causes someone failed to stop smoking. As for the pharmacological therapy is currently widely used to intervene in nicotine dependence, such as nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline. However, existing therapies have not given satisfactory results in reducing smoking rates and the number of COPD significantly. Therefore, the anti-nicotine vaccine that is currently in development and research, such as NicVAX, NIC002, TA-NIC, and SEL-068, become a new perspective for smokers to stop smoking and prevent long term recurrence. Keywords: nicotine, anti-nicotine, smoking, COPD

Number of total mortality, cardiovascular mortality and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease due to exposure with Nitrogen dioxide in Tehran during 2005-2014

Air pollution has adverse effects on human health and cause various diseases including cardiovascular disease and respiratory. Therefore this study with aim of study of Number of total mortality, cardiovascular mortality and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease due to exposure with Nitrogen dioxide in Tehran during 2005-2014 were performed. Materials & Methods: This study is a descriptive–analytic. At first hourly data were taken from Tehran environmental protection agency and Air Quality Control Company. Then validated according to the WHO guidelines and Statistical parameters for quantifying health effects were calculated in excel. Finally, assessment of cases total mortality with software was performed. Results: The results showed that the number of total mortality caused by exposure to NO2 In the past decade is 15141 people. Also the total number of cardiovascular mortality in the past decade is 8480 people and the total number of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the past decade is 2454 people in 2005-2014 years. Conclusion: Air pollution, especially nitrogen dioxide leads to mortality And Morbidity in a lot of people. According to the results of this study should such actions, policies and planning and management to reduce air pollution preparedness of hospitals and health centers, educating the public Be done