Abstract
Abstract: Smoking and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) become a global problem in the world. The increasing number of smokers in the world also led to significantly increased morbidity and mortality due to COPD. Many attempts were made, ranging from government policy that prohibits smoking in public places, to pharmacological therapy, and psychotherapy for smokers. However, often there is a failure to quit smoking. Dependence on nicotine is an important factor that causes someone failed to stop smoking. As for the pharmacological therapy is currently widely used to intervene in nicotine dependence, such as nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline. However, existing therapies have not given satisfactory results in reducing smoking rates and the number of COPD significantly. Therefore, the anti-nicotine vaccine that is currently in development and research, such as NicVAX, NIC002, TA-NIC, and SEL-068, become a new perspective for smokers to stop smoking and prevent long term recurrence. Keywords: nicotine, anti-nicotine, smoking, COPD
Highlights
Based on WHO data, found 3 million deaths from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in 2015 (5% of the number of deaths in the world)
More than 90% of deaths caused by COPD is found in poor countries and emerging economies
Anti-nicotine vaccine that is under development and current research is NicVAX, NIC002, TA-NIC, and SEL-068
Summary
Based on WHO data, found 3 million deaths from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in 2015 (5% of the number of deaths in the world). The workings of this vaccine are to stimulate the production of the antibody will bind nicotine from cigarettes and prevent them from passing through the blood-brain barrier.[3] Cigarette smoke causes symptoms of respiratory disorders in smokers such as reduced lung function, increased sputum production, and chronic cough.[11] Cigarette smoke contains many free radicals that directly affect human bronchial epithelium as the first defense of breathing.
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