Number Of Capsules Research Articles

ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS AND CONTRIBUTION OF GROWTH AND YIELD CHARACTERS TO YIELD OF CASTOR IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

A field experiment was carried out at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University teaching and research farm, Bauchi located in the Northern Guinea Savannah and Bulkachuwa village of Katagum LGA located in Sudan Savannah both in Bauchi State, during the rainy seasons of 2016, 2017 and 2018 to study the association of growth and yield characters and their contribution to the yield of castor. The treatments consisted of five nutrient sources (poultry manure, cow dung, chicken feather, municipal waste, mineral fertilizer) and a control and two varieties of castor (Ex-India 1 and 2), factorially combined to give 12 treatments and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result of the experiment revealed a significant and positive relationship as well as direct and indirect contribution of characters to the yield of castor. Except leaf area index (r = 0.174*), number of capsules (r = 0.169*) and seed oil content (r = 0.139*) that were only significant at (P≤0.05), all the parameters measured were positively related to grain yield. Except net assimilation rate (r = -0.643**), days to 50% flowering (r = -0.485**) and height to first raceme (r = -0.345**) that had negative relationship with grain yield, all other parameters exhibited a strong and positive relationship with castor grain yield. The result further indicated that, the direct contribution of plant height to seed yield was positive and highest. It was further observed that, the highest direct and negative contribution was observed with height to first raceme. It also showed that, direct and positive contribution to seed yield among the growth characters was only observed through plant height and crop growth rate. Yield characters on the other hand, a direct and positive contribution was observed with highest from 100 seed weight. Based on the results of this findings, improving characters that exhibit direct and positive contribution can improve the yield of castor in the study area.

Variability and Performance Evaluation of Released Linseed Varieties for Yield and Related Traits in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia

Even though numerous improved linseed varieties have been released in Ethiopia, the mean seed yield per unit area of the crop remains low due to poor access to improved varieties. To improve the crop’s production and productivity, testing the performance of improved linseed varieties in potential agroecologies where the varieties have never been grown before is an essential activity. Additionally, understanding the amount of genetic variation that is available within the linseed germplasm using genetic traits is also critical to the successful and sustainable improvement program of linseed. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of improved linseed varieties and their genetic variability for seed yield and related traits in the Lay Gayint district, South Gondar zone, Ethiopia. The experiment was conducted following a randomized complete block design with three replications, and nine released varieties and one local linseed variety were assessed in the study. Seed yield and yield-related traits were collected and subjected to a combined analysis of variance. The result shows that there was a significant difference between the tested linseed varieties for all examined traits, indicating the existence of genotypic variation between the experimental linseed varieties. The varieties Berene, CI-1525, Yadeno, and Furtu produced relatively higher seed yields, with an average of 894.28, 879.36, 823.28, and 820.85 kg·ha−1, respectively. Approximately 70% of the evaluated varieties produced higher seed yields than the local variety. The analysis of variance also resulted in a significant variety by year interaction effect for height of the plant, number of tillers, capsule number/plant, and seed yield, indicating the inconsistency of the varieties across the two growing seasons. Higher genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) (>20%) coupled with high heritability estimated values (>80%) were observed for seed yield per hectare, the number of capsules per plant, and tiller number. Seed yield and the number of capsules per plant provided higher genetic advance estimations. To make the selection more successful, breeders should concentrate on traits with high genotypic variance and heritability estimates, and promising varieties should be introduced and dispersed within the research area.

Valorization and Analysis of Flax Traits in Selected Accessions of Diversified Origin from the Linum usitatissimum L. Genetic Resources Collection

ABSTRACT Genetic resources of flax from different geographical regions have been gathered in Poland since the 1930s. The aim of the research was to evaluate morphological and agricultural traits of 20 flax accessions, to determine the ranges of variability, and to develop the results in the form required for International Flax Database (IFDB) development. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA with post hoc tests (least significant differences), canonical correlations, and Mahalanobis distances. The results of the analysis (ANOVA) proved that five traits of flax varieties differ significantly: plant height, technical length, slenderness, 1000 seeds weight, and seed yield. The ranges of variability of flax genotypes: total plant length: 58.05 cm−92.8 cm; technical length: 44.7–78.6 cm; stem thickness: 1.42–2.18 mm; slenderness: 246–474; panicle length: 10.05–21.55 cm; number of panicle branches: 3.4–6.2; number of capsules per plant: 5.15–19.7; number of seeds in capsule: 6.24–7.86; 1000 seeds weight: 4.82 g − 7.72 g. The results of the investigation could provide an important step of initial material selection for breeding of new varieties as well as information for entrepreneurs and private consumers and by students and scientists for their research.

Effects of various poppy seed pre-sowing treatments on the dynamics of field emergence, structure of yield parameters, oil content and yield of seed

The effects of various pre-sowing treatments of poppy seed (chemical product Cruiser OSR, stimulation products TS Osivo and Enviseed, physical treatment by E-ventus method, biological products Polyversum and Gliorex) on dynamics of field emergence, seed yield, and structure of yield parameters were evaluated in two cultivars grown in three-year trials. Seed treatment with TS Osivo and Enviseed led to a significant increase in field emergence compared to the untreated control and was on the same level as the Cruiser OSR-treated variant. In variants treated with Polyversum, Gliorex, and E-ventus, the number of emerged plants was noticeably lower. The stand density was a key factor in achieving a satisfactory yield, given that in the structure of other yield parameters (number of capsules per plant, weight of seed per capsule, and thousand seed weight), the differences between the variants were lower and often insignificant. The average yield ranged from 0.85 t/ha (Polyversum) to 1.39 t/ha (Cruiser OSR), and the stimulant seed treatments were also proved to be effective (TS Osivo 1.23 t/ha and Enviseed 1.16 t/ha). Variants with biological and physical treatment did not differ significantly from the control (0.88 t/ha) in average yield. All parameters evaluated were strongly affected by the year (weather conditions).

Deep learning-based optimization of a hydrogen and oxygen production system for patients in hospital with alkaline electrolyzer

The hybrid renewable system's potential to create standard type E capsules for Covid-19 patients was explored in this study. In addition to delivering the requisite energy to the building, standard oxygen capsules were produced using the electrolysis of water using nanomaterial-supported electrolysis in the hydrogen storage system. In addition to the simulation, multi-objective optimization was done using a deep learning neural network and a genetic algorithm to maximize the number of oxygen capsules generated in a year and the system price, and the system's front beam was acquired. The system can produce 19530 units of type E oxygen capsules in a year, and the price of the electrolyzer and fuel cell is 120296 Euros at the best point of the front beam, considering both the objective variable of price and the number of produced oxygen capsules. In this scenario, the electrolyzer and fuel cell have rated powers of 61.9 kW and 15.3 kW, respectively. After determining the optimal point, researchers investigatedthe connection between meteorological data and other system characteristics including the amount of hydrogen in the tank, the number of oxygen capsules generated each hour, fuel cell power, and the electrolyzer. Lastly, the system's capacity to lower the amount of power required for the office building from the municipal network was investigated, indicating the system's excellent capability in this respect.

Effects of Sowing Rate and Humic Acid Applications on Some Important Yield and Quality Parameters of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.)

Deneme üç tekerrürlü olarak 2019-2020 yılı yazlık yetiştirme döneminde “Tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine” göre yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın ana parsellerini ekim normu (1, 2 ve 3 kg da-1) ve alt parsellerini ise hümik asit dozları (Kontrol, 100, 200 ve 400 g da-1) oluşturmuştur. Çalışma sonunda çörek otu bitkisinde tohum verimi, biyolojik verim, bitki boyu, bitki başına kapsül sayısı, kapsüldeki tohum sayısı, bin tohum ağırlığı, hasat indeksi ve sabit yağ oranı gibi parametreler incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda bitki boyunun 38.73-47.80 cm, bitki başına kapsül sayısının 3.35-4.90 adet bitki-1, kapsüldeki tohum sayısının 64.94-75.52 adet kapsül-1, bin tohum ağırlığının 2.36-2.54 g, biyolojik verimin 110.42-203.47 kg da-1, tohum veriminin 36.15-50.78 kg da-1, hasat indeksinin % 24.51-37.16 ve sabit yağ oranının % 34.02-39.84 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre Kayseri ili için tohum verimi bakımından en yüksek değerin elde edildiği 2 kg da-1 ekim normu ve 200 g da-1 hümik asit uygulamasının çörekotu üretiminde en uygun miktarlar olduğu söylenebilir.

Genetic Variability and Interrelationships of Some Traits in Six Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes under Rainfed Conditions

The objectives of this study was to estimate the genetic variability and association between yield and its components in six sesame genotypes widely grown in North Kordofan under rainfed conditions. The genotypes showed highly significant variation in agronomic performance for all of the studied traits except of plant height. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all studied traits. High PCV and GCV were recorded for biological yield and seed yield. High heritability (in a broad sense) was obtained for 1000 seed weight and the number of seeds per capsule. The highest genetic advanced (GA) was exhibited by biological yield and seed yield. High genetic advance as a percentage of the mean (GAM %) was recorded for a thousand seed weight and number of branches per plant. High heritability coupled with genetic advance as a percentage of the means was registered by thousand seed weight, number of branches per plant and harvest index. Number of capsules per plant showed significant negative genotypic and phenotypic correlations with a thousand seed weight indicating selection of one trait will be accompanied by low performance of the other. Highly significant positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations were revealed by the association of plant populations with a thousand seed weight, number of seed per capsule with harvest index, and thousand seeds weight with biological yield. Therefore, selection based on these traits would be effective in future sesame yield under rain fed conditions.

Towards the Modeling and Prediction of the Yield of Oilseed Crops: A Multi-Machine Learning Approach

Crop seed yield modeling and prediction can act as a key approach in the precision agriculture industry, enabling the reliable assessment of the effectiveness of agro-traits. Here, multiple machine learning (ML) techniques are employed to predict sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) seed yields (SSY) using agro-morphological features. Various ML models were applied, coupled with the PCA (principal component analysis) method to compare them with the original ML models, in order to evaluate the prediction efficiency. The Gaussian process regression (GPR) and radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) models exhibited the most accurate SSY predictions, with determination coefficients, or R2 values, of 0.99 and 0.91, respectfully. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) obtained using the ML models ranged between 0 and 0.30 t/ha (metric tons/hectare) for the varied modeling process phases. The estimation of the sesame seed yield with the coupled PCA-ML models improved the performance accuracy. According to the k-fold process, we utilized the datasets with the lowest error rates to ensure the continued accuracy of the GPR and RBF models. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the capsule number per plant (CPP), seed number per capsule (SPC), and 1000-seed weight (TSW) were the most significant seed yield determinants.

Effect of Sowing Dates and Compound Fertilizer NPK on Growth and Yield of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

Two field experiments were conducted during winter growing season 2019-2020 at Ninevah Governorate at two locations: Talkief and Al-Hamdaniya. The main objective was to study the effect of two sowing dates (November 2017 and December 2017), and four levels of N15P15K15 fertilizers (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg. ha-1) on growth and yield of flax under rainfed conditions. The factorial experiment was carried out in Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D.) with triplicate. The results showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) between sowing dates in all the studied characters in the both locations, the date of sowing (November 17) gave the highest rate of plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1, number of seeds. capsule-1, 1000 seed weight , seed yield, seed oil percentage and linolenic acid percentage. Adding NPK fertilizer with 200 Kg NPK.ha-1 to the soil was superior in some characters i.e. plant height, number of fruiting branches. plant-1, number of capsules. plant-1 and number of seeds. capsule-1 in Al-Hamdaniya location, Whereas linolenic acid percentage was superior in Talkief location, Also highest seeds oil percentage was obtained in both locations. The interaction between date (November 17) with 200 kg.ha-1 of N15P15K15 fertilizer was significantly (p<0.05) superior in linolenic acid percentage in Talkief location only.

Development and Ergonomic Assessment of Manually Operated Modified Linseed Crop Thresher for Studying the Physical Properties of the Linseed Seed

The study took place at SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P), India, 210203. Studying the physical properties of linseed were studied for two varieties SHUATS Alsi-2 and Neelam, with moisture contents (d.b) of 7.473%, 10.786%, and 14.03%. The average number of capsules per plant was found to be 36.88. The average number of seeds per capsule was found to be 8.12. Linseed's length, width, and thickness were measured to be 8.11, 6.94, and 6.87 mm, respectively. The geometric mean diameter was measured at 7.288 mm. The linear dimensions of the seed were discovered to be an average of 5.308mm, width 2.507mm, and thickness 0.964mm for the SHUATS Alsi-2 variety, and an average of 5.214mm, width 2.448mm, and thickness 0.903 for the Neelam variety. The SHUATS Alsi-2 variety had an average AMD of 2.924mm and a GMD of 2.338mm, whereas the Neelam variety had an average AMD of 2.855mm and a GMD of 2.258mm. The average surface area, sphericity, and volume for the SHUATS Alsi-2 variety were 17.218mm2, 0.441, and 6.741mm3, respectively, whereas the average surface area, sphericity, and volume for the Neelam variety were 16.0403mm2, 0.433, and 6.047mm3. It was also discovered that the mean 7.656gram 1000 grain weight for the linseed variety in SHUATS Alsi-2 and the mean 8.0153gram 1000 grain weight for the linseed variety in Neelam were different. The SHUATS Alsi-2 variety had an average bulk density of 626.64 kg/m3, a true density of 1139.553 kg/m3, and a porosity of 44.847, whereas the Neelam variety had an average bulk density of 673.354 kg/m3, a true density of 1126.174 kg/m3, and a porosity of 40.135.

Assessment of agro-morphological traits and yield-based tolerance indices in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes under drought stress

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the most important oilseed crops of the world, particularly tropical areas. Its production issignificantly affected by drought stress. The present study was performed to assess the efficiency of existing criteria for the selectionof tolerant cultivars while evaluating sesame genotypes under drought conditions. Various agro-morphological traits along with somedrought tolerance indices were used to evaluate 15 sesame genotypes under drought conditions. A moderate to high heritability wasestimated for plant height (0.55), no. of capsules (0.72), capsule diameter (0.60), no. of seeds per capsule (0.43) and seed yield (0.53).On average, the seed yield of genotypes was reduced by 45% under water stress. Seed yield was significantly positively correlatedwith the no. of capsules, capsule diameter, and no. of seeds per capsule under both normal and drought conditions. The number ofcapsules and capsule diameter were suggested as potential criteria for indirect yield selection under drought stress. Chinese (G01), Naz Chand Shakhe (G05), and Darab1 (G04) genotypes were identified as the most tolerant based on the average ranking of indices. Stress/non-stress production index (SNPI), yield index (YI), and drought resistance index (DI) were suggested as the most efficient drought tolerance indices according to principal component analysis and correlations. The evaluation criteria proposed in this study can be used for efficient selection of drought-tolerant genotypes in sesame. Moreover, reported tolerant and sensitive genotypes can be used in future studies and breeding programs in sesame under drought stress.

Hydrogel application in the germination and growth of Zea mays and Solanum lycopersicum seedlings

Research goal: This article presents the results of a research project aimed at demonstrating the effects and benefits of using an organic ingredient, hydrogel (Hydro Start), that can improve the germination and growth of Zea mays and Solanum lycopersicum seedlings. Materials and Methods: Experiments began in April 2022 and were conducted in the greenhouses of CREA-OF in Pescia (PT) on seeded plants of Zea mays and Solanum lycopersicum. Seeds were placed in pots with different hydrogel capsules to determine if there were any effects on plant germination and growth. Agronomic analysis of the seeds and plants, microbiological analysis, and substrate evaluation were also conducted. Results and Discussion: The experiment showed that the use of hydrogel can improve the quality and hardiness of the sown plants of Zea mays and Solanum lycopersicum. In general, the improvement in average germination time and plant growth was proportional to the number of hydrogel capsules placed in the substrate at the time of sowing; this also influenced the microbial colonisation of the soil. Studies show that the water retained in the hydrogel provides a water reservoir in the soil that can increase the efficiency of water uptake by plants. Mixing superabsorbent materials (hydrogels) with soils or growing media can significantly increase the water-holding capacity of the soil. This water is available to plants for a longer period of time, making them more resilient, especially when transplanting. In addition, incorporating hydrogels into the soil or growing media allows for improved germination, plant growth, and nutrient and water uptake. Conclusions: Research shows that hydrogels can be used in a variety of ways due to their ability to retain water. These innovations can also ensure and promote plant survival under dry conditions. Further experiments are currently underway to evaluate hydrogels in tree species germination, transplanting, and acclimation.

Ana ve ikinci ürün koşullarında yetiştirilen susam (Sesamum indicum L.) çeşitlerinin bazı önemli tarımsal ve kalite özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması

Bu çalışma; 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında, ana ve ikinci ürün koşullarında, Çukurova Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Araştırma ve Uygulama alanında, bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuş ve yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada; ülkemizde tescil edilmiş susam çeşitlerinin farklı yetiştirme dönemlerinde (ana ve ikinci ürün koşullarında) önemli agronomik ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, on yedi farklı susam çeşidi denemede materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Denemeye alınan susam çeşitlerinin; bitki boyu, ilk kapsül yüksekliği, dal ve kapsül sayısı, 1000 tohum ağırlığı, tohum verimi gibi önemli agronomik özellikleri ile yağ ve protein oranı değerleri incelenmiştir. Denemeye alınan susam çeşitlerinin incelenen özellikleri arasında her iki yetiştirme döneminde de önemli farklılıklar saptanmıştır. Ana ürün koşullarında; gün uzunluğu, toplam sıcaklık ve vejetasyon süresi daha fazla olduğundan dolayı, incelenen tüm tarımsal özelliklerine ait elde edilen değerler, ikinci ürün koşullarına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Özellikle tohum verimi değerleri, ikinci ürün koşullarına göre, ana ürün koşullarında %40 daha yüksek olmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; hem ana ürün ve hem de ikinci ürün koşullarında tohum verimi ile tarımsal ve kalite özellikleri bakımından; Muganlı-57, Sarı Susam ve Osmangazi-99 susam çeşitlerinin, diğer çeşitlerden daha üstün olduğu gözlenmiştir.

EFFECT OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SESAME (SESAMUM indicum L.) VARIETIES IN SUDAN SAVANNAH

Field experiment was conducted at the Lake Chad Research Institute, research station Maiduguri (Lat: 110 50' N; Long: 130 10' E) during 2014 cropping season to determine the effect of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) fertilizer combinations on sesame varieties. Treatments comprised of five sesame varieties (NCRIBen-02M, NCRIBen-03L, NCRIBen -04E, NCRIBen -05E and Gwoza local) and three fertilizer treatments: control and two levels of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) fertilizers combinations (25 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 50 kg N + 40 kg P2O5 ha-1). The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with varieties on the main plots and fertilizer on the sub-plots and replicated four times. Data was collected on plant height, days to 50% flowering and capsule formation, capsule length, Number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and yield. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and the results showed significant differences among the characters studied. The varieties NCRIBen-04E and NCRIBen-02M fertilized with 25 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 produced over 600 % higher yield than Gwoza local grown under control fertilizer. The growing of varieties NCRIBen -04E or NCRIBen-02M under 25 kg N + 20 kg P2O5 ha-1 is suggested for farmers in the Sudan Savannah for high yield of sesame.

Assessment of genetic variability for seed yield and its components in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) based on multivariate analysis

Sesame is an important oilseed crop in India. The  productivity of sesame is considerably low owing to several production challenges.  Developing high yielding varieties with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses remains a major goal in sesame breeding. In this study, a total of 55 sesame genotypes were evaluated for 16 quantitative traits related to seed yield. Genetic relationship and variability in the genotypes were assessed based on correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The results showed that seed yield had a high positive correlation with the number of capsules per plant and a high negative correlation with days to maturity. The PCA revealed six components contributing to the total variance, which were components 1 (plant height, the number of primary branches, leaf length and leaf width), 2 (seed yield per plant and thousand seed weight in the positive direction and days to maturity in the negative direction), 3 (days to flower initiation and days to 50 per cent flowering), 4 (capsule width and seeds per capsule), 5 (the number of capsules per plant) and 6 (the number of seeds per capsule) in the order of importance. Cluster analysis showed five clusters of genotypes in accordance with the phenotypic traits. Overall results indicated that the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds per capsule and thousand seed weights were the most critical traits for selecting high yielding genotypes in sesame. Keywords: Correlation, principal component analysis, cluster, genetic resources, evaluation

Analysis of genetic diversity in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) germplasm for yield and its attributing traits

The  genetic diversity of 50 sesame genotypes was studied by Mahalanobis D2 statistics. By using Tocher’s method, genotypes were grouped into nine clusters based on 10 economically important traits viz., days to flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, the number of primary branches, the number of secondary branches, the number of capsules per plant, the number of seeds per capsules, thousand seed weight and single plant yield. The largest intercluster distance among the nine clusters was found between clusters I and VIII, indicated that they were significantly more diverse and clusters IV and VI showed the lowest intercluster distance indicating that the genotypes under these clusters are closely related. The cluster with the highest cluster mean was found in cluster VIII for the number of capsules per plant, the number of primary and secondary branches, the number of seeds per capsule and single plant yield and cluster V for plant height and cluster VII for thousand seed weight. Taking into account the highest cluster mean for a trait, genotypes could be selected as parents in the hybridization program to create superior cross combinations. Keywords : Genetic diversity, Cluster, Germplasm, Sesame, D2 analysis

Fabrication and Biocompatibility of Layer-by-layer Assembled Composite Graphene Oxide-polysaccharide Microcapsules

The present study is focused on the construction and characterization of the morphology and biocompatibility of polysaccharide multilayered microcapsules (PMC) composed of natural polyelectrolytes (chitosan/alginate/hyaluronic acid), and on the effect of graphene oxide (GO) incorporation in the polymer matrix. The insertion of GO in the polymer matrix is an innovative and still evolving strategy used to modify the properties of the polyelectrolyte microcapsules. We have fabricated a number of hybrid GO-polysaccharide multilayered capsules by layer-by-layer assembling technique onto a CaCO3 core, followed by core decomposition in mild conditions. Hybrid microcapsules with different composition were constructed by varying the number or localization of the incorporated GO-layers. It was found that the thickness of the hybrid microcapsules, evaluated by atomic force microscopy, decreases after incorporation of GO nanosheets in the polymer matrix. Analysis of the viability and proliferation of fibroblasts after incubation with hybrid PMC revealed pronounced concentration-dependent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect. Based on the results, we can conclude that the hybrid multilayered microcapsules made of natural polysaccharides and graphene oxide could be used for biomedical applications.

Anti-inflammatory Action of the Treated-Yeast, Milmed, Under IBS-IBD Conditions

In order to assess the anti-inflammatory and therapeutic action of the probiotic, treated-yeast Milmed, twelve patients (age range 25-to-79 years) presenting IBS-IBD with a wide range of gut-intestinal symptoms, were studied. Each patient completed a questionnaire outlining demographic characteristics and test items regarding their health issues, both prior to and after the twelve-week period (on three occasions each week) of Milmed intervention. Patients’ accounts of their symptom-profiles were quantified and subjected to statistical analyses. It was observed that in comparison with the placebo (administered untreated-yeast) control, the Milmed group reported fewer symptoms, following treatment, as well as also fewer symptoms compared to their pre-treatment report. Untreated-yeast administration to patients did not induce any reduction of IBS-IBD symptoms. There was no correlation between patients’ responses regarding symptoms Before and After intervention. It is possible that increasing the number of capsules ingested per week, from 3/week to 1/day, may have provided the patients with greater benefits. Despite certain limitations of this study when taken together with the reported anti-inflammatory propensity of Milmed upon glial and neuronal cell cultures in vitro, these findings imply several useful therapeutic applications for the treated-yeast, Milmed, in the treatment of gut-intestinal conditions, such as IBS-IBD and other related ailments.

Image-based disease classification in grape leaves using convolutional capsule network

Crop protection is the prime hindrance to food security. Plant diseases destroy the overall quality and quantity of agricultural products. Grape is an important fruit and a major source of vitamin C nutrients. The automatic decision-making system plays a paramount role in agricultural informatics. This paper aims to detect the diseases in grape leaves using convolutional capsule networks. The capsule network is a promising neural network in deep learning. This network uses a group of neurons as capsules and effectively represents spatial information of features. The novelty of the proposed work relies on the addition of convolutional layers before the primary caps layer, which indirectly decreases the number of capsules and speeds up the dynamic routing process. The proposed method has experimented with augmented and non-augmented datasets. It effectively detects the diseases of grape leaves with an accuracy of 99.12%. The method's performance is compared with state-of-the-art deep learning methods and produces reliable results.

Selection of promising lines for yield and quality traits in advanced segregating generation of linseed

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) is becoming more important due to its unique nutrient profile and a source of high-added value raw material, for both food and industrial uses. However, low productivity and lack of combined quality traits has limited its cultivation and there is an urgent need to develop improved varieties through genetic recombination of traits. In this respect 96 linseed F4 families, derived from eight contrasting parents were field evaluated during 2019–2020. A reasonable diversity among the F4 families indicated a considerable potential for improving linseed for agronomic and quality traits. Results demonstrated that strict selection for oil content, protein content, fatty acid composition and amino acid profile, with comparatively high heritability and genetic advance, is feasible and successful in F4 generation. Families with linolenic acid content as low as 9.26% and as high as 72.46% were identified. Yellow-seeded families had higher values of phenological traits, plant height and number of capsules and lower values of seed number, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, aspartic acid, leucine and lysine content than the brown-seeded types. Among the many low linolenic acid families identified those with superior yield and quality traits, offer opportunitiesfor development of new varieties that may be of high value in food industry. Also the high linolenic acid and high oil content families recognized may have genetic potentials for development of new varieties of linseed for industrial purposes. Among the parental genotypes four were found to be promising for developing superior high yielding linseeds with high quality.