Number Of Calls Research Articles

An intent classification method for questions in "Treatise on Febrile diseases" based on TinyBERT-CNN fusion model

"Treatise on Febrile Diseases" is an important classic book in the academic history of Chinese material medica. Based on the knowledge map of traditional Chinese medicine established by the study of "Treatise on Febrile Diseases", a question-answering system of traditional Chinese medicine was established to help people better understand and use traditional Chinese medicine. Intention classification is the basis of the question-answering system of traditional Chinese medicine, but as far as we know, there is no research on question intention classification based on "Treatise on Febrile Diseases". In this paper, the intent classification research is carried out based on the Chinese material medica-related content materials in "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" as data. Most of the existing models perform well on long text classification tasks, with high costs and a lot of memory requirements. However, the intent classification data of this paper has the characteristics of short text, a small amount of data, and unbalanced categories. In response to these problems, this paper proposes a knowledge distillation-based bidirectional Transformer encoder combined with a convolutional neural network model (TinyBERT-CNN), which is used for the task of question intent classification in "Treatise on Febrile Diseases". The model used TinyBERT as an embedding and encoding layer to obtain the global vector information of the text and then completed the intent classification by feeding the encoded feature information into the CNN. The experimental results indicated that the model outperformed other models in terms of accuracy, recall, and F1 values of 96.4%, 95.9%, and 96.2%, respectively. The experimental results prove that the model proposed in this paper can effectively classify the intent of the question sentences in "Treatise on Febrile Diseases", and provide technical support for the question-answering system of "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" later.

Measuring linguistics of the wokototen chart made inductively by deciphering kunten materials.

In this paper, we focus on wokototen markings, which are a system of kunten annotations used to facilitate the reading of classical Chinese documents by Japanese readers. Using digitized data, we performed basic measurements of wokototen by using a chart that summarizes the wokototen markings of actual kunten materials described by Hiroshi Tsukishima, and we quantitatively clarified their characteristics. Kunten materials are classical Chinese books with annotations, called kunten, on the Chinese text. The wokototen is a type of kunten. In ancient East Asian countries, kunten systems were developed as a way of directly annotating Chinese documents so that they could be read and understood by non-native readers. For this reason, kunten materials and kunten are treated as historical sources for linguistic and historical research. The shape and position of a wokototen marking determines what kind of reading it indicates. The results of our basic survey quantitatively show that almost all the wokototen charts in actual kunten materials contain particles represented by "te", "ni", and "wo", the most common shapes of wokototen are dots and shapes that can be written with a single stroke, such as ｜, ─, and ＼, and that the most common places to find these markings are to the right of characters in the horizontal direction and below characters in the vertical direction.

Artistic and Communicative Transformations of the Book Against the Background of the Evolution of the Visual Paradigm in Ukrainian Design

The purpose of the study is to outline the artistic and communicative transformations of the Ukrainian book, which reflect the modern visual paradigm, as well as to highlight their influence on the further development of domestic book design. Research methods include theoretical, source-scientific, comparative, chronological and analytical. Scientific novelty. It was found that transformations of artistic and communicative possibilities in domestic book design were actively manifested, primarily due to the development of innovative alternative book forms, as well as the reaction of the artistic and visual system of classical publications to the demands of the times. The main influencing factors were the visual turn in culture with the subsequent formation of a visual artistic paradigm, technological progress in design and the development of various directions of visual communications. It has been proven that the visual communication of modern domestic book editions has significantly increased compared to the book of the 20th century, as the design and projection of the book has acquired an innovative toolkit, which allowed to attract additional channels of perception. In addition, in the process of research, the mutual influence of the communicative capabilities of the book and its design development is outlined, as well as the systematization of the artistic and communicative levels of modern Ukrainian book publishing is proposed. Conclusions. The artistic characteristics of a modern book form a single harmonious field among themselves, which effectively implement communicative tasks. In particular, the visual communication of the book takes place on several levels: illustrative, compositional, spatial, provided that they are equivalent within the ensemble of each edition. However, with the strengthening of certain separate levels of communication, which occurs due to the popularization of new alternative book forms that demonstrate the advantages of separate visual-communicative channels, it is possible to state the presence of an appropriate artistic-communicative classification among the latest book products. Thus, in a classic paper book the compositional level of visual communication dominates, in a graphic novel (comics, sketches) the illustrative level of visual communication prevails, in interactive book products, on the other hand, the main visual and communicative level is the artistic space organized by the designer-developer using immersive technologies and structural layout design techniques.

THE «ZHOU YI» («BOOK OF CHANGES») IN THE SOCIAL AND CULTURAR CONTEX

The article deals with the tradition of classical Chinese text «The Book of Changes». The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the value of "Zhou Yi" has been thoroughly studied by Chinese scientists, but for readers who do not speak Chinese, many aspects of the unique classic book are little known. It is shown that the text of «Zhou Yi» is much more meaningful than combinations of hectograms. The authors of the article point out that "Zhou Yi" was used to discuss many cultural and legal issues. The "Book of Changes" contains entries about the problems of ordering property issues. Such discussion contributed not only to the settlement of property management issues, but also consolidated the ancient tradition of following the morality and virtue. The article presents that the sphere of marriage and the family relations, based on the engagement ceremony, formed the basis of the entire future marriage system of China for many generations. The authors show that a separate chapter "Zhou Yi" is devoted to the rules of inheritance. In this section of the "Book of Changes" inheritance in the male line becomes the fundamental principle in China. This article emphasizes that much attention in the "Book of Changes" is paid to the forms, types and methods of execution and punishment, as well as the system of evidence. The article provides an analysis of the social, cultural and legal ideas of «Zhou Yi», which determined the specifics of the Chinese legal system.

Ephedrae herba: A comprehensive review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology.

Ephedrae herba (called Mahuang in China) is the dried herbaceous stem of Ephedra sinica Stapf, Ephedra intermedia Schrenk et C. A. Mey., and Ephedra equisetina Bge. Ephedrae herba has a long history of use as an herb, and it was originally recorded in Sheng Nong's herbal classic. Ephedrae herba has also been widely used as both medicine and food. In the clinic, Ephedrae herba is commonly used for treating colds, bronchial asthma, nasal congestion, and other diseases. This review aims to provide a systematic summary on the traditional use, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, quality control, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of Ephedrae herba to provide a theoretical basis for further reasonable development of Ephedrae herba in clinical practice and creation of new drugs. Information on Ephedrae herba was gathered from various sources, including the scientific databases including CNKI, PubMed, SciFinder and ScienceDirect, classical books on traditional Chinese herbal medicine, Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations; Baidu Scholar; and from different professional websites. Ephedrae herba is distributed in regions of China and other areas. Ephedra and its compound preparations can be used for colds, bronchial asthma, nasal congestion and other diseases. Approximately 281 chemical constituents have been isolated from Ephedrae herba, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, polysaccharides, volatile oils, organic acids, and other compounds. Among these constituents, alkaloids and volatile oils are the most abundant and represent the major bioactive constituents. Ephedrae herba possesses multiple pharmacological activities, including diuretic effect, anti-allergic effect, blood pressure regulatory, anti-inflammatory effect, anti-oxidation effect and anti-viral effects. Ephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride are generally selected as indicators for the quantitative determination of Ephedrae herba. The maximum dosage of Ephedrae herba should not exceed 10 grams. If overused, adverse reactions such as palpitations, sweating, irritability and insomnia will occur. Ephedrae herba is an ancient herbal medicine with a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities that has been used for thousands of years in China. It is one of the most commonly used herbal components of the TCM formulas. Hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine are the major bioactive constituents. However, there is a need to further understand the mechanisms of active components of Ephedrae herba. Future studies should perform an in-depth analyses of the pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of toxicity of Ephedrae herba. Quality standards should be developed to correspond to the various application methods to ensure the efficacy of drugs in actual treatment.

Chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, toxicology, processing and compatibility of Fuzi (lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx): A review.

The lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx is known as Fuzi in Chinese. It is traditionally valued and used for dispelling cold, relieving pain effects, restoring 'Yang,' and treating shock despite its high toxicity. This review aims to provide comprehensive information on the chemical composition, pharmacological research, preparation, and compatibility of Fuzi to help reduce its toxicity and increase its efficiency, based on the scientific literature. In addition, this review will establish a new foundation for further studies on Fuzi. A systematic review of the literature on Fuzi was performed using several resources, namely classic books on Chinese herbal medicine and various scientific databases, such as PubMed, the Web of Science, and the China Knowledge Resource Integrated databases. Fuzi extracts contain diester-type alkaloids, monoester-type alkaloids, other types of alkaloids, and non-alkaloids types, and have various pharmacological activities, such as strong heart effect, effect on blood vessels, and antidepressant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and other therapeutic effects. However, these extracts can also lead to various toxicities such as cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and embryonic toxicity. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that different processing methods and suitable compatibility with other herbs can effectively reduce the toxicities and increase the efficiency of Fuzi. The therapeutic potential of Fuzi has been demonstrated in conditions, such as heart failure, various pains, inflammation, and tumors, which is attributed to the diester-type alkaloids, monoester-type alkaloids, other types of alkaloids, and non-alkaloid types. In contrast, they are also toxic components. Proper processing and suitable compatibility can effectively reduce toxicity and increase the efficiency of Fuzi. Thus more pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms on main active compounds are necessary to be explored.

Research progress of quality control for the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow (Suan-Zao-Ren) and its proprietary Chinese medicines.

Semen Ziziphi Spinosae (SZS), the seed of Ziziphus jujuba var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F. Chow (Chinese name Suan-Zao-Ren), is widely distributed in China, Laos, Myanmar, and Iran. It is a classic traditional Chinese medicine with sedative and sleeping effects. In clinical practice, there are more than 155 proprietary Chinese medicines containing SZS. However, many commercial SZS products are difficult to qualify using current methods. Moreover, there is a scarcity of quality standards for SZS in proprietary Chinese medicines. The purpose of this study was to clearly reveal the quality indicators during the entire production process of SZS and its products. This study reviewed more than 230 articles and related books on the quality control of SZS and its proprietary Chinese medicines published over the last 40 years (from January 1979 to October 2022). Moreover, where available, information on the quality of SZS and its proprietary Chinese medicines was also collected from websites for comparison, including online publications (e.g. PubMed, CNKI, Google Scholar, and Web of Science), the information at Yaozhi website and China Medical Information Platform, along with some classic books on Chinese herbal medicine. The literature and information search were conducted using keywords such as "Suan-Zao-Ren", " Ziziphus jujuba" and "quality control", and the latest results from various databases were combined to obtain valid information. The active components, which in vivo exposure, and Q-markers were also summarized. The jujuboside A, jujuboside B, and spinosin were revealed as the key Q-markers for SZS. Moreover, the advancements and prospects of the quality control for SZS and its extract, proprietary Chinese medicines, health foods, and adulterants were comprehensively summarized. The high-performance liquid chromatography-UV/evaporative light scattering detection and fingerprint analysis were found to be the mainstream methods for the SZS quality control. In particular, the novel quality evaluation method based on the unit content was applied for SZS and its proprietary Chinese medicines. Significant fluctuations were found in the contents of Q-markers. Moreover, the mass transfer rule of Q-markers was comprehensively clarified based on the entire production process, including production origins, ripening time, primary process, processing, compatibility decoction/extract, and storage. Ultimately, the crushing and compatibility of SZS were found to be the key steps affecting the active components. In short, this study provides solid evidences to reveal quality indicators for the entire production process of developing rational quality standards for SZS and its products. Moreover, this study also provides a template quality control overview, which could be extended to other traditional Chinese medicines.

C.N.S. Protective Drugs: An Overview

Although regulatory authorities presently authorize extremely few drugs for dealing with multifactorial conditions and conditions of cognition such as Alzheimer's, specific plant-derived agents, consisting of, for instance, galantamine and rivastigmine (a semi-synthetic derivative of physostigmine) finding an application in contemporary medicine. However, in Ayurveda, the Indian traditional system of medicine which is more than 5000 years of ages, selected plants have long been categorized as 'Medhyarasayanas,' from the Sanskrit words 'Medhya,' indicating intellect or cognition, and 'Rasayana,' implying 'rejuvenation.' These plants are utilized both in natural and traditional medicine and offer advantages that pharmaceutical drugs do not have. The article is an attempt to examine the most critical medical plants, consisting of Vacha (Acorus calamus), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Vidhara (Argyreia Nervosa), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus prostratus), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), Mandukaparni (Centella Asiatica), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus) which are extensively used for their reputed effectiveness in C.N.S. conditions. This paper’s main aim is to explore C.N.S. Protective drugs or Medhya Rasayana mentioned in Ayurvedic classical textbooks concerning modern science mode of actions and to study the mechanism of the C.N.S. protective drugs. The source for this study is collected from classical Ayurvedic books and commentaries, modern medical science textbooks, and different articles from Pubmed, D.H.A.R.A., Google Scholar, etc. Various Medhya Rasayana mentioned in Ayurvedic texts have potent qualities to enhance memory and relieve medical illnesses related to C.N.S., whether it is related to mental or sensory problems. So, various safe and natural remedies are available in Ayurveda; long-term or short-term mental health can be recovered without any life-threatening complication.

Comparative analysis of the library classification system between Al-Almawi and Dewey

<p>This study involves a comparative analysis between the library management system developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876 and Abd Al-Basit bin Musa Al-Almawi (1502-1573 AD) better known as Al-Almawi who lived in the heyday of the Ottoman Dynasty in the 16th century. The library management system developed by Dewey can be considered dominant at the moment as it is widely used around the world. However, this system is said to have posed some difficulties in terms of maintenance as its field categories have been restricted and field overlap as there are several fields have been grouped in one class. The classification number becomes longer when there are new categories thus causing the process of access and storage to be very complex. To address the problem, this study seeks to examine the system developed by Al-Almawi to see if the system is able to deal with the problem either in terms of technical and development intellectuality. The objective of the study is to find out the characteristics of the system highlighted by Al-Almawi, identify the impact of the system from axiology point of view, and the suitability of the system in the information system management industry. This study uses a fully qualitative approach where the library method is chosen to collect data and information related to the classification and cataloguing system. The data were then analysed using a structuring approach while to conclude the findings of the study, a descriptive approach was used. The results of the study found that the system developed by Al-Almawi not only overcome the problems faced by Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) users, but also give emphasis on manners to knowledge where the materials that contain knowledge should be glorified and arranged in scientific order, where the material with the most truth values will be placed to a higher position. The measure of truth is based on the source of revelation contained therein. Thus, it can be said that significantly, the system developed by Al-Almawi not only pleases work that requires physical nature and planning; but also, soul-blissful and double-oriented because every activity is connected directly to God. The relationship is formed due to the existence of the unity of mind and deed, which is always in the mould of the framework of Tawhid.</p>

Evaluation of Siddha Compound Formulation Mahathoothulai chooranam in Combating Respiratory Illness: A Narrative Review

Siddha medicine is an ancient Indian medical system originated in South India. The holistic approach of the Siddha system finds cure for many ailments and also guides to a perfect living right from conception to death. The ‘S’ in the acronym AYUSH represents Siddha. The Siddha multiherbal formulation Mahathuthulathi chooranam, found in the classical text book Koshayi Anuboga Vaithiya Bramma Ragasiyam - part 2, is indicated for Aiyam (Phlegm) predominant diseases. The review seeks to establish the documented literature on the therapeutic efficacy of the Mahathuthulai chooranam in respiratory illness through a critical review. It was carried out by searching Siddha classic texts from the library of Siddha Central Research Institute, electronic search engines, databases such as Google scholar, Pub Med Central, NLM, Mendeley, Embase, Science Direct etc. The results of the review suggest that the drug can be a part of the comprehensive treatment of adverse respiratory illnesses in addition to prevention of complications in vulnerable risk patients. The drug is substantiated to be a safe and efficacious drug in treating acute respiratory illnesses through supporting evidences. A robust clinical trial is essential to evaluate the clinical outcomes to prove the drug’s efficiency.

A decomposition of book structure through ousiometric fluctuations in cumulative word-time

While quantitative methods have been used to examine changes in word usage in books, studies have focused on overall trends, such as the shapes of narratives, which are independent of book length. We instead look at how words change over the course of a book as a function of the number of words, rather than the fraction of the book, completed at any given point; we define this measure as “cumulative word-time”. Using ousiometrics, a reinterpretation of the valence–arousal–dominance framework of meaning obtained from semantic differentials, we convert text into time series of power and danger scores, with time corresponding to cumulative word-time. Each time series is then decomposed using empirical mode decomposition into a sum of constituent oscillatory modes and a non-oscillatory trend. By comparing the decomposition of the original power and danger time series with those derived from shuffled text, we find that shorter books exhibit only a general trend, while longer books have fluctuations in addition to the general trend. These fluctuations typically have a period of a few thousand words regardless of the book length or library classification code but vary depending on the content and structure of the book. Our findings suggest that, in the ousiometric sense, longer books are not expanded versions of shorter books, but rather are more similar in structure to a concatenation of shorter texts. Further, they are consistent with editorial practices that require longer texts to be broken down into sections, such as chapters. Our method also provides a data-driven denoising approach that works for texts of various lengths, in contrast to the more traditional approach of using large window sizes that may inadvertently smooth out relevant information, especially for shorter texts. Altogether, these results open up avenues for future work in computational literary analysis, particularly the possibility of measuring a basic unit of narrative.

Linking library classifications to the electronic catalog on the websites of national libraries

Linking library classifications to the electronic catalog on the websites of national libraries

PEMAHAMAN FA’IL (AGENT) DI KITAB FIQIH WADHIH JUZ 2 KARYA MAHMUD YUNUS DALAM ISLAM (ANALISIS SINTAKSIS)

AbstractThe Holy Quran And Sunah is the main resources in the Islamic Of Law, and the other resources of law comes from them. In the Islamic Of law has some resources of The Islamic Of Law, example is like the Islamic classic book or yellow book. In this article discuss about structures in Arabic to learn and understand the content of it. Structure in Arabic language is very complicated with many kinds of sentences and many kinds of structures and the changes on the word because of structure in one of it. The complexity is influenced by typology of Arabic language as the flektif language. Fa’il (Subject in Arabic) as the main investigating of learning Arabic Language or ilmu nahwu. This article discuss about kinds of Fa’il and the sign of it in Fiqih Wadhih Classic book part 2 created by Mahmud Yunus. This article is designed by qualitative research in library research, the data of it is about kinds of Fa’il and the sign of it , and the resources of data is from Fiqih Wadhih Classic book part 2 created by Mahmud Yunus. The method to collecting the data is documentation method and the instrument is data card and table of recapitulation card.The result of this research shows that in Fiqih Wadhih Classic book part 2 created by Mahmud Yunus, researcher found 570 kinds of fa’il. 570 data consist 546 shariḫ (explicit) dan 24 muawwal (interpreted), 112 dhāhir (apparent) dan 458 dlamir (personal pronoun), 26 muannats (feminime) dan 544 mudzakkar (masculine), 546 mufrad (singular), 1 tatsniah (duality) dan 23 jama’ (plural), dan 36 data tarkib idhafi (annexing)

A Study to Explore the Concepts of Insomnia and its Treatment in Unani System of Medicine

Insomnia is a common problem across the world due to various reasons as increasing mental work and stress, less physical activities, social and personal life problems, lifestyle diseases and medication. Consensus proved its 30% incidence overall in the population but sleep-maintenance insomnia is considered up to 66.5%. The study aims to enlighten the Insomnia in Unani classical books in the mean of weighted causes, pathological condition and best treatment. Gathering tribute knowledge of insomnia from Unani books and framing up it on newly researched neurotransmitter consideration in the same meaning, as Unani System of medicine describes Su-i-mizaj Har yabis (hot and dry temperament) is a pivotal cause that is a pathological condition develops after hitting several causes as a collection of briny liquid, accumulation of waste material in the passages of the brain and meninges and Gastro-intestinal insufficiency, excessive flatus, headaches and cancer etc. these condition directly or by signalling motivates the nerves and brain cells and sometimes obstacle in the passage of psychic powering pathway causes more psychological disorders. In the right direction of reason, Unani physicians have presented lucid and articulated treatment to restore the brain’s temperament by administration of soothing and tranquil medicines, evacuate waste from brain channels and regularize the CSF flow and ion exchange. The study is concluded the result with hypothesis to set some clinical trials of mentioned drugs schedule and recommended modulation in a new scale to make practical generalize its result for future studies.

Application Of The Yassarna Method In Learning The Yellow Islamic Classic Book Of The Islamic Boarding School

This research is based on the background of the low level of ability to read the yellow scriptures caused by the inaccurate choice of learning methods, this research is important to do in order to test the effectiveness of the level of application of the yassarna method in learning to read the yellow scriptures quickly and correctly. The purpose of this study is to describe and explain the content of the yassarna method with the relationship of behavioristic theory and the success and failure of the yassarna method. This research is a qualitative research at the exploratory level of analysis. Primary data sources are observation and direct interviews with the organizers of the Yassarna method, such as students, pesantren administrators, ustadz and students. Secondary data in the form of yassarna method book modules, as well as those related to the yassarna method. The result of this study is the yassarna method as a yellow scriptures learning of Abdul Hamid Sholeh Jombang pesantren provides a solution in the process of learning the kitab kuning quickly and well. One of the successes of learning the yassarna method is being active in learning, enthusiasm in singing the verses of each table column. The relationship between behavioristic theory and the yassarna method is interrelated, because the behavioristic method can facilitate educators and students in the learning process. Keywords: Yellow Scriptures, Pesantren, Yassarna Method

DESIGN IN BOOKS FOR NEWBORNS

In the 21st century, the market for children’s illustrated books is rich in genres, design, and inclusion of interactive content. Depending on the contextual and illustrative content, products are labelled taking into account the division into age categories, the features of which are spelled out in the Federal Law No. 436-FZ of December 29, 2010 “On protecting children from information harmful to their health and development”. Belonging to a particular group is determined by the special needs that exist at each age and which are directly reflected in illustrations, textual material and plot. For example, books for preschool children up to and including 6 years of age are labelled 0+. To understand the design features of this category, it is necessary to study the needs and abilities of the group, as books must be adapted to the needs of their audience. Age can be understood as an absolute and quantitative concept, as well as stages in the processes of physiological and psychological development. In the history of child psychology, there are several variations of age periodization: according to an external criterion (R. Zazzo), an internal criterion (P. Blonsky) and complex age criteria (L. Vygotsky, D. Elkonin, V. Slobodchikov and others). A book is a symbiosis of textual and illustrative material, and interaction with it, especially in the early stages of development, involves (“switches on”) all sensory systems and affects mental development. Therefore, the periodization of Vygotsky formed the basis for the study of design in children’s interactive books. In Vygotsky’s works, it is worth noting that the category 0+ includes several age periods: the neonatal crisis (0–2 months), the stable period of infancy (2 months — 1 year), the crisis of the first year of life, stable early childhood (1–3 years), crisis of three years, stable preschool age (3 years — 6 years). After birth, a child begins a consistent, literally weekly, development of physiological and psychological functions, in parallel with this, his or her needs and interests are lined up. For this reason, it was decided to study the characteristics of each of the groups and the consistency of the design in classic books and books with the inclusion of interactive content for children under 6 years old. The article considers the period of infancy up to 1 year. At a very early age, babies are not yet able to understand the plot or recognize objects in the illustrations, name them. However, it is at this time that the base of the passive vocabulary is formed, the first acquaintance with the outside world and the work of mirror neurons begins, and all of the above is based on emotional experience, which the child receives from the environment. The design of children’s books for newborns is based on physiological features: the beginning of the development of fine motor skills, skills in handling objects; black and white perception of reality; later — addition of red, green, blue and yellow colours; realism of images to build a recognizable picture of the world, the minimum amount of a text message adapted to the understanding and development of basic speech (abbreviations in the form of onomatopoeia for the names of objects); safe materials for self-interaction. Thus, a book for newborns is aimed at a child’s first acquaintance with the world around, the development of the sensory system, fine motor skills, and primary socialisation with close adults.

A comparative clinical study on the effect of Takra Basti and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti in the management of Grahani (IBS)

Background-Grahani roga described in classical text books of Ayurveda represents a group of disorders of digestive system caused by impairment of Agni. Grahani is such a disorder, where in its significance is emphasized by its inclusion among Ashta maha gadas. Aim & Objective- To evaluate the efficacy of Takra Basti and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti individually in each group in the management of Grahani. To compare the efficacy of Takra Basti and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti in the management of Grahani. Methodology- Patients were selected from college attached Hospital of NKJ AMC Bidar. Sample size -A total of 30 patients were selected GROUP A: 15 patients were treated with Takra Basti and Changeryadighrita Anuvasana Basti. GROUP B: 15 patients were treated with Erandamooladi Niruha Basti and Changeryadighrita Anuvasana Basti, Discussion &Conclusion-Among the types of Grahani, clinical features of vataja Grahani have at most similarities with the clinical features of irritable bowel syndrome. Diagnostic criteria of IBS i.e. Rome III criteria is same as the Pratyatmaka lakshanas of Grahani. Takra Basti is having more pratyagamana kala than Eradamooladi Niruha Basti. Both Takra Basti and Eradamooladi Niruha Basti Showed significant results in all the parameters. The efficacy of the treatment group A results was statistically significant of all parameters statistically even after follow up period compared to group B. Hence it can be concluded that IBS can be treated in Ayurveda under the treatment principles of Vataja Grahani.

Pembelajaran Kitab Amtsilati Dalam Meningkatkan Bakat Dan Minat Membaca Kitab Kuning Santri

Learning the yellow book has many benefits, especially in understanding religious knowledge. Which learning mostly uses the classical yellow book, because many Muslim scientists and intellectuals refer to the yellow book. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies. The research method used is qualitative. With data collection techniques in the form of observation (observation), interviews (interviews) and documentation. This study aims to describe the implementation of the amtsilati book method in increasing students' aptitude and interest in reading the yellow book, in the Zaid Bin Tsabit (K) Putri Region and also to understand and examine events and problems that occur in the field. The subjects in this study were participants of the Takhossus Diny Bahrul Ulum amtsilati. The results of the research show that there are several tricks in increasing students' talents and interest in reading the yellow book, resulting in the following: First, providing volumes of amtsilati learning material in the form of teaching and learning activities (KBM) starting from volumes 1-5 and additional material in the form of Qoidati, Tatimmah, Sharfiyah. Second, teaching practice learning (Amtsilati Theory Practice). Third, the deposit of koidah and khulashoh amtsilati. Fourth, Discussion or joint deliberation (Munaqosah) on amtslati material. Fifth, Demonstration of amtsilati.

Critical Appraisal of Īśvarī (Aristolochia indica L.) in Viṣa Chikitsa with Respect to Classical Ayurveda and Traditional Texts on Toxicology

Abstract Background: Īśvarī, Aristolochia indica, belonging to the Aristolochiaceae family is a big climber. Aristolochia species have been used widely in traditional viṣa vaidya. The herb is known for its therapeutic efficacy in snake bite cases. Studies indicate that Īśvarī possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, abortifacient, analgesic, antidiarrheal activity, cytotoxic activity, hypoglycemic activity, antibacterial activity, pesticidal activity, mast cell-stabilizing, and antipruritic properties. Studies also proved the anti-ophidian, anti-scorpion, and antimalarial properties of Īśvarī. Objective: This review is aimed at providing comprehensive information regarding Īśvarī in classical Ayurveda books and traditional viṣa vaidya texts. Materials and Methods: Data on Īśvarī were collected from 11 Nighaṇḍu (lexicons), 10 Saṃhita and Chikitsa grantha, and 4 Viṣa chikitsa grantha. In addition, the information is gathered from indexed databases (Google Scholar and PubMed) for evaluating the efficacy of Īśvarī in poisoning cases. Results: In saṃhitas, Īśvarī is mentioned as an ingredient in only six formulations. However, in the Viṣa chikitsa grantha, we can see a wide application of this plant as a single medicine or in combination. Īśvarī is an ingredient in 32 main formulations in Viṣa chikitsa grantha. Conclusion: In Viṣa chikitsa, the herbal medicine Īśvarī has a miraculous healing role. This herb was widely implemented by the ancient viṣa vaidyas for healing the effects of poisoning.

Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br.: Comprehensive review of propagation and breeding, traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacology, quality control, and processing.

Gymnadenia conopsea, a perennial herbaceous flowering plant that belongs to the family of Orchidaceae, sporadic distributed in the altitudes of 200-4700m across northern Europe and, temperate and subtropical Asia region. The dried tubers of G. conopsea have been used to treat cough, asthma, and their syndromes, and also as a tonic in China and surrounding countries for a long history. G. conopsea is often processed deeply processed before use to enhance its efficacy. In recent years, because of its remarkable pharmacological activity and health care function, G. conopsea has been used more and more widely. Due to its extensive application and bad growth environment, the wild distribution of G. conopsea is decreasing and it has been listed as an endangered plant. This review aims to summarize the propagation and breeding, traditional uses, chemical composition, pharmacology, quality control, and processing of G. conopsea. Moreover, it also provides suggestions for the future high-value utilization of G. conopsea. A literature search on Gymnadenia genus and G. conopsea was performed using scientific databases including SciFinder, ACS, Web of Science, Springer, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and CNKI. Information was also collected from classic books of Chinese herbal medicine, official websites, Ph.D. and M.Sc. Dissertations, and so on. Structures of chemical compounds were drawn by ChemDraw software. As of submission date of this manuscript, total 170 natural compounds have been isolated and characterized from G. conopsea, and all of the compounds were isolated from the tubers. The isolated compounds including benzylester glucosides, dihydrostilbenes, phenanthrenes, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, polysaccharide, lignans, flavones, triterpenoids, steroids, and other compounds. Some of these compounds and active extracts exhibited a wide range of pharmacological activities, in which, the tonifying, anti-fatigue, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, sedative and hypnotic activities are consistent with the traditional uses for the treatment of diseases. In addition, a variety of new pharmacological activities, such as preventing and treating gastric ulcers, immunoregulatory, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-anaphylaxis, anti-silicosis, anti-cancer and neuroprotective activities have also been reported. However, the bioactive compounds responsible for most of the above pharmacological effects have not been well summarised till now. In this manuscript, analysis, speculation and summary of compounds that responsible for pharmacological effects were conducted. The chemical constituents and pharmacological activities studies of G. conopsea extract have been summarised in this context, the isolated compounds responsible for the pharmacological activities were also analyzed and deduced according to the publications, all above led to suggestions for the future high-value utilization of G. conopsea.