Number Of Bacterial Colonies Research Articles

Investigating the concentration and health risk assessment of bioaerosols in the surgery centers and hospital operating rooms of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Introduction: Due to the special conditions in operating rooms, infection control is important to maintain health. So, the aim of this study was to survey of air exchange rate/changes per hour (ACH) and health risk assessment of bioaerosols in the surgery center or hospital operating rooms. Materials and Methods: The results of measuring of bioaerosols by pollution measurement companies were used, in 1401. In 1402, 10 operating rooms were randomly selected and the reliability of the results was examined for these two years. Sampling and analysis of the samples was provided based on the NIOSH 0800 method and ACH were measured by a anemometer. The relationship between the number of bioaerosols and ACH, and also, the reliability between results were calculated with the PCC and the ICC test, respectively, in SPSS-V22 software. The health risk assessment and the probability of risk were estimated by Monte Carlo simulation, in Crystal Ball software. Results: Among 62 operating rooms, the average number of bacterial and fungal colonies was 69.73±14.59 CFU/m3 and 21.67±4.52 CFU/m3, respectively, which is less than the recommended limit of WHO. The average ACH was 19.67±2.18 per hour. No significant relationship was observed between ACH and the number of colonies (p-value ≥ 0.05). Risk assessment for bacteria and fungi were at an acceptable level and the concentration of bioaerosols was recognized as the most sensitive variable influencing the risk. Conclusion: Increasing ACH will not lead to a reduction in the load of bioaerosol pollution in operating rooms, which can be very important in the management of reducing energy consumption.

Antibacterial potential of queen pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr Var. Queen) peel extract on the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria

Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2017, the prevalence of caries in each country reached 20% to more than 50%. Caries is formed due to the role of several factors including host, agent (microorganisms), substrate, and time. Bacteria involved in the origin of caries formation such as Lactobacillus group bacteria found in the oral cavity which can cause dental caries, one of which is Lactobacillus acidophilus. The use of natural cleansers is highly recommended to remove residual bacteria as an effort to prevent caries. Queen Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr Var. Queen) is a fruit that contains very complex compounds that can act as anticarcinogenic and antibacterial. This study aims to determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria. This type of research was a laboratory experimental type with posttest only control group design. This study used the dilution method of the number of samples, namely concentrations of 0.781%, 1.56%, 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, 100%, positive controls and negative controls. This study was conducted 3 times repetition. Manual calculation of the number of bacterial colonies that grow on nutrient agar media and expressed in colony forming units (CFU) which will determine the MBC and MIC. The Shapiro-Wilk test showed a p value> 0.05 at all concentrations and normally distributed data, but when tested for homogeneity the data was not homogeneous so that the non-parametric statistical test continued using the Kruskal Wallis test showing a value of p < 0.05. Conclusion: Colony count results showed that the concentration of 3.12% can inhibit the visible growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus bacteria which is stated as the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and can prevent growth after subculture to antibiotic-free medium at a concentration of 6.25% which is stated as the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC).

Optimisation of Lactobacillus fermentation conditions and its application in the fermentation of salt-free sauerkraut.

To identify what are the dominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) involved in the fermentation of salt-free sauerkraut, and optimize its industrial culture conditions, we isolated and identified a strain of LAB, which is referred to as Lactobacillus sp. DF_001, with the preservation number CCTCC NO: M20232593, from five different regions in Guizhou Province. Industrial culture conditions were optimized using Plackett-Burman and Central Composite design experiments, and the potential role of this LAB in salt-free sauerkraut fermentation was validated. Bioproduction was optimal with a culture time of 66 h, starch/water ratio of 1.7% and inoculum of 0.02%, which gave approximately three-fold higher yield than the basal culture medium DeMan-Rogosa-Sharpe medium (MRS). The LAB was used in small-scale industrial experiments. The Dafang LAB significantly enhanced the sensory score of the salt-free sauerkraut products by about 32% compared to the control group. The total acid content increased by about 32% and the sugar and nitrite contents were reduced by 67.27 and 69.58%, respectively. The total number of bacterial colonies decreased by 37.5%. All other indicators complied with the national standard, providing overall the basis to improve salt-free sauerkraut fermentation.

Biocompatible and Safe Decellularized Spinach With Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity.

Creating acellular vascularized constructs from animal and plant tissue is one of the well-known strategies for scaffold assembly. Decellularization takes an important position among these strategies. The most common method is chemical decellularization. This approach employs high concentrations of detergents, primarily Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium hypochlorite (SH). In this work, novel techniques for decellularizing spinach were developed using detergents frequently utilized in laboratories. Spinach leaves were decellularized using Tween-20, SDS, and SH at low concentrations to generate an acellular plant matrix for tissue engineering. We measured the quantities of DNA and protein, as well as the decellularization using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The biocompatibility and capacity of the biostructures to stimulate fibroblast wound healing were assessed using MTT and the Scratch assay. The antibacterial activity of the scaffolds was also tested against a gram-positive bacterium, Staphilococcus aureus, which is a common pathogen associated with wound healing. The best shape, evident vascularization, and good biocompatibility were seen in the Tween-20 decellularized samples at 1% concentration at 21°C and 37°C through the enhancement of cell proliferation and wound healing. In terms of antibacterial activity, all scaffold samples had a significant effect on Staphilococcus aureus, where the number of bacterial colonies in all six scaffold groups became zero after 4 h of treatment. The scaffolds also showed a 100% kill rate on Staphilococcus aureus, which could avoid wound infection during the repair process, and that can be suggested as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications and an important constituent for pharmacological activities.

Alginate-based edible coating with magnoliae essential oil/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex for Kyoho grape preservation

To prolong the shelf life of Kyoho grapes at room temperature, an edible coating composed of sodium alginate (SA) containing an inclusion complex of Magnoliae essential oil (MEO) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (SA/MEO@β-CD coating) was developed. Initially, the inclusion complex of MEO with β-CD was developed to enhance its thermal stability. MEO@β-CD was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results show that β-CD can improve the thermal stability of MEO. The entrapment efficiency and loading efficiency were 82.56% and 8.8%. MEO@β-CD was added to the SA coating for preserving Kyoho grapes, while monitoring the enzyme activity, total bacterial count, and sensory characteristics of the grapes. Compared to the uncoated group, the SA/MEO@β-CD coated group exhibited a significant reduction in total color difference, decay rate, weight loss rate, enzyme activity, and total number of bacterial colonies, while also slowing the decline in hardness and total soluble solids. The effect of the SA/MEO@β-CD1 group was highly effective. Conclusively, the SA/MEO@β-CD coating preserves Kyoho grapes by reducing lipid oxidation and inhibiting microbial growth, demonstrating its potential as an advanced edible packaging solution for grape preservation.

LASSOCIATION MAIS-NIEBE ET LA RESTITUTION ORGANIQUE SONT-ELLESLE MOTEUR DUNE GESTION DURABLE DES SOLS A LOUEST DU BURKINA FASO ?

Are maize-cowpea associations and organic restitution the driving force behind sustainable soil management in western Burkina Faso? Soil fertility management is one of the key factors in the sustainability of cropping systems in western Burkina Faso. With this in mind, a study was carried out on the management of crop residues, fertilization and the inclusion of legumes in the cropping system. The aim was to determine the effects of mulching, insertion of cowpeas into the cropping system and organo-mineral fertilization on soil fertility. The experimental design was a strip split plot with 4 replications and three treatments corresponding to 3 crop residue management methods, 3 cropping systems with or without maize and cowpea, and 2 types of fertilization. Trials were conducted from the 2018 to 2020 cropping seasons. Soil moisture, the number of fungal and bacterial colonies and soil chemical characteristics were determined in 2020. The results show a significant increase in soil moisture on maize-wheat association plots of 9.28 and 8.58% for the 0-20 cm depth and 6.85 and 5.31% for the 20-40 cm depth respectively compared with pure maize and cowpea cultivation. For crop residue management and fertilization, soil moisture levels were identical for all treatments. Concerning soil micro-organisms, the results show that five (05) types of fungi were identified on the different treatments: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium moniliforme, Geotrichumcandidum and Trichoderma sp. The results obtained show no significant difference between treatments at the 5% threshold, either for fungi, bacteria or soil chemical characteristics. Consequently, the maize-cowpea association can be considered a sustainable soil fertility management practice in the western region of Burkina Faso. However, the choice between recycling crop residues by mulching and applying organo-mineral fertilizer must be determined by the farms themselves, according to their socio-economic reality.

The Effect of Face Mask Wear on the Ocular Surface and Contact Lens Microbiome.

As face mask wear can result in the redirection of nasal and oral exhalation toward the ocular region, this study investigated the impact of face mask wear on the conjunctiva, eyelid margin, and contact lens (CL) surface microbiome. In this prospective, cross-over study, experienced CL wearers (N=20) were randomized to wear a face mask for 6 hr/day (minimum) for a week or no mask for a week. The conjunctiva, eyelid, and CLs were then sampled. After a 1-week washout period, participants were crossed over into the alternate treatment for 1 week and sampling was repeated. Sampling was bilateral and randomly assigned to be processed for culturing or 16S ribosomal(r) RNA gene sequencing. Culturing showed no effect of mask wear on the average number of bacterial colonies isolated on the conjunctiva, eyelid, or CL, but there was increased isolation of Staphylococcus capitis on CL samples with mask wear (P=0.040). Culture-independent sequencing found differences in the taxonomic complexity and bacterial composition between the three sites (P<0.001), but there was no effect of bacterial diversity within and between sites. Mask wear did not impact dry eye or CL discomfort, but increased ocular surface staining was reported (P=0.035). Mask wear did not substantially alter the microbiome of the conjunctiva, eyelid margin, or CL surfaces in uncompromised healthy eyes.

Encapsulation of lemongrass essential oil by bilayer liposomes based on pectin, gum Arabic, and carrageenan: Characterization and application in chicken meat preservation.

The volatile characteristics of lemongrass essential oil (LO) have seriously hindered its further application, and encapsulation it with multilayer modified liposomes may be an effective strategy to improve this dilemma. This study selected chitosan (CH) and three anionic polymers, pectin (P) / gum arabic (GA) / carrageenan (C), as the first and second coating polymers to modify nano liposomes (NL) by layer-by-layer electrostatic deposition, obtaining three bilayer liposomes, P-CH-NL, GA-CH-NL, and C-CH-NL as high-quality stabilized carriers of LO. The bilayer liposomes showed a dense membrane structure ranging from 110 to 150nm uniformly, with good antioxidant properties. All bilayer liposomes had good stability during 28-day storage at 4°C, while C-CH-NL performed relatively better inferred by smaller changes of size, PDI and Zeta potential. The total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N) values of fresh chicken meat and a total number of bacterial colonies (TBC) experiments showed that GA-CH-NL and C-CH-NL could better retard the increase of volatile salt base nitrogen. All bilayer liposomes could delay the time for the total bacterial count to exceed 6 log CFU/g (from 7days to 10 / 12days). Therefore, the bilayer liposomes P-CH-NL, GA-CH-NL, and C-CH-NL may be promising natural preservatives for food products.

Effect of zinc oxide/graphene oxide nanocomposites on the cytotoxicity, antibacterial and mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate

BackgroundEnhancing the antibacterial properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) dental resins is crucial in preventing secondary infections following dental procedures. Despite the necessity for such improvement, a universally applicable method for augmenting the antibacterial properties of PMMA without compromising its mechanical properties and cytotoxicity remains elusive. Consequently, this study aims to address the aforementioned challenges by developing and implementing a composite material known as zinc oxide/graphene oxide (ZnO/GO) nanocomposites, to modify the PMMA.MethodsZnO/GO nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by a one-step procedure and fully characterized by TEM, EDS, FTIR and XRD. Then the physical and mechanical properties of PMMA modified by ZnO/GO nanocomposites were evaluated through water absorption and solubility test, contact angle test, three-point bending tests, and compression test. Furthermore, the biological properties of the modified PMMA were evaluated by direct microscopic colony count method, crystal violet staining and CCK-8.ResultsThe results revealed that ZnO/GO nanocomposites were successfully constructed. When the concentration of nanocomposites in PMMA was 0.2 wt. %, the flexural strength of the resin was increased by 23.4%, the compressive strength was increased by 31.1%, and the number of bacterial colonies was reduced by 60.33%. Meanwhile, It was found that the aging of the resin did not affect its antibacterial properties, and CCK-8 revealed that the modified PMMA had no cytotoxicity.ConclusionZnO/GO nanocomposites effectively improved the antibacterial properties of PMMA. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the resin were improved by adding ZnO/GO nanocomposites at a lower range of concentrations.

The effect of laser therapy for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion

The aim of the study was to measure the degree of dentine surface roughness caused by five distinct lasers used to treat dentine hypersensitivity, as well as to evaluate the subsequent bacterial colonization on these irradiated surfaces. Sixty human maxillary premolar teeth without caries or restoration which were extracted for periodontal reasons were used in this study. Five different types of lasers were applied to the root dentin surface. Tested samples were divided into six groups of 10 samples each; control, diode (810 nm), diode (980 nm), Nd: YAG, Er: YAG, and Er, Cr: YSGG laser groups. The arithmetic mean of the surface roughness values (Ra) and the average roughness over a measurement area (Sa) were measured pre- and post-application using any of the laser types. Swab samples were then collected from the dentin surface. Following a 24-hour incubation period at 37 °C, the colony forming units were counted using a stereoscope. The results demonstrated a statistically significant difference in the surface roughness values pre- and post-application (Ra and Sa, respectively) in the Er, Cr: YSGG laser group (p = 0.037,p = 0.007). No significant difference was observed in the other groups (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of bacterial colonies observed between the test and control groups. Diode and Nd: YAG lasers showed either a decrease or no change in surface roughness; however, the hard tissue lasers (Er: YAG, Er, Cr: YSGG) showed an increase. The Er: YAG and Nd: YAG laser groups exhibited decreased bacterial adhesion compared to the other groups.

Aspek Gizi dan Fungsional Tepung Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L) Merr) : Kajian Pengeringan Menggunakan Fluid Bed dan Cabinet Dryer

Dayak onion is a type of medicinal plant that grows in several areas and has been used for generations to cure various diseases in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Dayak onion contains bioactive compounds such as phenolic, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and naphtoquinones which can act as antioxidants, anti-microbials, and anti-inflammatories. Currently the application of Dayak onions is still rare even though it has many benefits. This study aims to characterize nutritional and functional aspects of dayak onion flour with various drying temperature using fluidized bed dan cabinet dryer. The research design used is factorial design. The characterization of Dayak onion flour carried out was yield, moisture content, ash, protein, fat, concentration of IC50, WHC and OHC. Microbial contamination tests carried out included ALT, E.coli, and mold. In the research results, the best nutrition and functional aspect of Dayak onion flour was drying with temperature 40? in the cabinet and fluidized bed dryer. Determination of the best results is taken based on the De Garmo test where the two samples have the highest value of effectiveness in each method. The best concentration of IC50 is Dayak onion flour using the cabinet dryer with a temperature of 35? that was 3703,43 ppm. In addition, no growth of E.coli and mold bacteria was found and the number of bacterial colonies was still classified as safe when compared to the SNI for cassava flour so that dayak onion flour was safe against microbial contamination.

Effect of oyster mushroom on nutritional composition, shelf life and organoleptic characteristics of enriched cookies

The objective of the study was to formulate functional cookies enriched with oyster mushroom and to monitor the impact of enrichments on organoleptic attributes, nutritional composition, and shelf-life studies. Three different level i.e., 3 %, 5 % and 7 % of incorporation of oyster mushroom were formulated and organoleptic evaluation was carried out while comparing with control (C- without oyster mushroom). Among them, 3 % (C1) showed the highest score of overall acceptability (8.3 ± 0.69) and it was analyzed for nutritional composition along with the control cookie (C). Enriched cookies possessed higher nutritional profile in comparison to control cookies in terms of protein, fiber, vitamin D, folic acid as well as minerals such as iron, calcium, zinc, and magnesium. Antioxidant activities were found to be 33.23 % and 1.78 umol in terms of DPPH and FRAP assays, higher than control cookies.The total number of bacterial colonies in aluminium ziploc bag were lower than the rest of packaging materials after one month of storage.Hence, it can be concluded that formulated mushroom cookies showed compositional, functional and high nutritional properties and can be stored for a month with minimum growth of microbial activity.

The treatment of bacterial biofilms cultivated on knee arthroplasty implants using the bioelectric effect.

Introduction: The formation of bacterial biofilms on knee arthroplasty implants can have catastrophic consequences. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the bioelectric effect in the elimination of bacterial biofilms on cultivated knee arthroplasty implants. Methods: A novel device was designed to deliver a bioelectric effect on the surface of knee arthroplasty implants. 4-femoral prosthetic implants were cultivated with a staphylococcus aureus inoculum for 15days. The components were divided into four different groups: A (not treated), B (normal saline 20-minutes), C (bioelectric effect 10-minutes), D (bioelectric effect 20-minutes). The implants were sonicated, and the detached colonies were quantified as the number of colony-forming unit (CFUs). The implants were sterilised and the process was repeated in a standardized manner four more times, to obtain a total of five samples per group. Results: The number of the CFUs after a 10-minute exposure to the bioelectric effect was of 208.2 ± 240.4, compared with 6,041.6 ± 2010.7 CFUs in group A, representing a decrease of 96.5% ± 4.3 (p = 0.004). And a diminution of 91.8% ± 7.9 compared with 2,051.0 ± 1,364.0 CFUs in group B (p = 0.109). The number of bacterial colonies after a 20-minute exposure to the bioelectric effect was 70 ± 126.7 CFUs, representing a decrease of 98.9% ± 1.9 (p = 0.000) compared with group A. And a decrease of 97.8% ± 3.0 (p = 0.019) compared with group B. Conclusions: The bioelectric effect was effective in the elimination of bacterial biofilm from knee arthroplasty implants. This method could be used in the future as part of conventional surgical procedures.

Effect Of Tem-Umw Ultraviolet Sterilization Box Radiation On Paper Money Bacteria

Background: TEM-UMW UVC sterilization cabinets have been designed using door safety systems and timers. Door security systems are designed to avoid exposure to UVC rays in users. Sterilization is carried out to improve the quality of public health and ensure the cleanliness of an object. Sterilization using exposure to UVC light can decide the survival of micrinorganisms or bacteria. This causes UVC light to be widely used as a sterilizer for non-living objects. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of UVC exposure time to bacterial colonies on banknotes. Exposure is done by making one sample as a cocontroller. Methods: This study banknotes are illuminated at intervals of 0, up to 30 minutes using a sterilization cabinet. The number of bacteria on the banknote is calculated by the bacterial culture method and then analyzed using a counter colony. Results: Based on the results of the analysis of known samples without exposure to light, the number of bacteria was about 250 colonies when the first minute of exposure bacteria was reduced to 38 colonies. The number of colonies on banknotes is constantly reduced if the length of exposure is increased. By the 30th minute the number of colonies becomes 6 Conclusions: The results shown Exposure using UVC through strilization cabinets can kill bacteria on banknotes. The optimal exposure time of UVC rays affecting the number of bacterial colonies on the Rp. 2000 banknote is 25 -30 minutes.

تقيم التلوث الميكروبي في بعض المدارس الابتدائية في وادي جارف- سرت, ليبيا

Pathogenic bacteria pose a serious risk in schools, where students come into contact with a variety of microbes on a daily basis. Classrooms are thought to be ideal environments for young children to harbor germs. The current study sought to determine the extent of the spread of bacteria in different places in primary schools, as well as to determine whether the schools are sterile and clean for children or whether they are the real cause of their illness. Samples were taken from the primary schools. The schools are located in Wadi Jaref ,Sirte. 30 samples were collected from different classrooms and from places the student comes into contact with, such as door handles, desk, and children’s hands. The organisms isolated in this study, based on colonial morphological, and biochemical characteristics the results showed the presence of bacteria Staphylococci epidermidis(35%), Staphylococcus aureus (22%), Esherichia coli (13%), klebsiella pp, micrococcus and Streptococcus (9%), bacillus(4%). The study showed that the largest number of bacterial colonies (Colony Forming Units) (CFU) found on the hands (75 CFU), Desks(26 CFU) and Door handles (22 CFU). This study emphasized the wide range of possible diseases and demonstrated the presence of harmful bacteria in primary schools. This is related to the increasing number of students in primary schools which lack proper hygiene conditions and due to the failure to carry out routine cleaning and sterilization of schools and the lack of facilities. Keywords: Primary schools, Bacteria, Contamination, Microorganisms, Children, Colony, Wadi Jaref, Sirte.

PENGARUH APLIKASI PUPUK KOMPOS DAN BIOCHAR TERHADAP POPULASI BAKTERI DI RIZOSFER DAN PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN PADI GOGO (Oryza Sativa L.)

This reasearch to describe the effect of the application of compost and biochar on bacterial population in rhizosphere and growth of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) This research was conducted in November-January 2021. The method used in this study was experimental by conducting experiments in greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. Meanwhile, the analysis of chemical and biological properties was carried out at the Chemistry and Soil Fertility Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram. The results showed that the soil used before planting was relatively less fertile (chemically). The soil used in this study had a pH value of 5.0 and available-P had 0.95 ppm, total N was 0.19%, K-exchanged was 0.22 meq/100g. In addition, the organic matter content as reflected by the C-organic value is only 1.2% which is in the low category. And the value of cation exchange capacity is in the medium category (17.43 meq/100 g of soil). administration of doses of urea and phonska fertilizer combined with the provision of compost and biochar had an effect on the variables of plant height, number of tillers and leaf width where the P1 treatment gave a significant value compared to the P0 and P2 treatments. In the parameters of root weight and stem weight, treatment P1 was more significant than treatment P0 and P2. In the total variable of microorganisms the number of bacterial colonies was significant in the P1 treatment with an average value of 7.14, in the P1 phosphate solubilizing fungus parameter it had a significant value with an average value of 3.17, in the P1 phosphate solubilizing bacteria parameter it had a significant value with an average value of 3.61 while for the respiration parameter of microorganisms p1 has a significant value with an average value of 4.36 mg C-CO2 / g soil.

Efficacy Of Ultraviolet Irradiation For Sterilization Of Dental Instrumen Against Oral Microbiome Growth

Background: Oral microbiome bacteria can attach to a variety of surfaces including oral diagnostic devices. Oral diagnostic tools that are not properly cleaned and sterilized can be used as a place for bacteria to multiply and cause cross-infection. Objective: This research aims to test the success of sterilization equipment using Ultraviolet light to sterilize dental instruments when used for dental examination activities in the field. Methods: Randomized Experimental laboratory Pretest Posttest with Control Group Design. The subject of the study was the mouth glasses used after dental examination at UKGS. The intervention of the mouth glass was sterilized using Ultraviolet-c at three different times, namely 20 minutes, 25 minutes, and 30 minutes. Results: The results of Ultraviolet-c with One Way Anova test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (p0.05) indicating a significant difference in the number of oral microbiome bacteria between sterilization time and the number of oral microbiome bacterial colonies. Pearson correlation test p-value (p0.05) it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between sterilization time and the number of oral microbiome colonies with a correlation coefficient of -0.850 which means that the longer the sterilization time, the number of oral microbiome bacteria decreases. Conclusion: Ultraviolet-c for 30 minutes is effective for sterilization of oral microbiome bacteria.

Implementation of Channel Area Thresholding in Early Detection System of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are infectious diseases that affect both children and adults, particularly in the context of climate change. Bacteria are one of the causes of ARI. According to the government, the discovery of the bacteria that cause ARI is an indicator of successful management of infectious diseases. The current obstacle is the limited number of medical analysts, which results in longer microscopic examination times and requires a high level of objectivity. Therefore, a system for the early detection of ARI-causing bacteria was developed using digital image processing techniques, specifically channel area thresholding as one of the segmentation methods. This research employs four shape features for bacterial classification: the number of bacterial colonies, area, perimeter, and shape. The Naïve Bayes intelligent system method is used for the classification process. The system had an accuracy rate of 86.84% in the classification of four types of bacteria: S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, C. diphteriae and M. tuberculosis

Ozone water or chloroxylenol: The comparison of disinfection effectiveness against the number of bacterial colonies in dental extraction instruments at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital

Background The application of disinfectants on dental instruments is one way to prevent cross-infection. Cross infection can occur due to microorganisms found in blood, saliva and dental plaque which can contaminate the instruments used by dental health workers. Thus, indirect contact transmission of pathogenic microorganisms occurs from instruments that have been contaminated by dental health workers. Ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol are disinfecting agents used to disinfect medical instruments. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of disinfection of ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol in reducing the number of bacterial colonies on dental extraction instruments at the USU Dental and Oral Hospital between October-December 2022. Methods The samples used were mandibular molar pliers that have been used in tooth extraction procedures. This study was experimental and used three sample groups, where each group consisted of 10 tooth extraction instruments. The treatment group used ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol and the negative control group was cleaned with distilled water. The test effectiveness in this study used bacteria colony counter using the scatter cup method. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results The results of the data analysis showed a p-value ≤0.001, which means that there was a significant difference in the disinfection using ozone water and 4.8% chloroxylenol on the number of bacterial colonies on dental extraction instruments. The results of this study show that the average number of bacterial colonies formed in the ozone water treatment group was 4.00 ± 4.32, 16.00 ± 6.65 in the 4.8% chloroxylenol treatment group, and 217.50 ± 39.24 in the negative control group (Aquadest). Conclusions From this study it can be said that ozone water is more effective in disinfecting dental extraction instruments than 4.8% chloroxylenol.

Pengaruh Pemanasan Berulang Media Nutrient Agar terhadap Hasil Uji ALT Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

Nutrient Agar is a universal medium containing agar, meat extract, yeast extract and peptone. NA media is often made in large quantities, stored under sterile conditions, and then reheated when needed. Repeated heating can reduce the number of bacterial colonies that grow because the components that make up the media become damaged. This study aimed to determine the effect of repeated heating of NA (Nutrient Agar) media 4 times on the Total Plate Count (TPC) test results for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The number of bacteria that grew on the media with varying amounts of heating was calculated, and the results showed that repeated heating 4 times caused a decrease in the number of bacterial colonies that grew on the NA media. The ANOVA test gave a value of p = 0.000 for the two types of bacteria separately, which showed that there is a significant difference between the number of bacteria in varying amounts of media heating. This research concluded that repeated heating of NA (Nutrient Agar) media affects the TPC test results for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.