Number Of Applications Research Articles

A Review of Genetic Diversity Based on the Y Chromosome in the Romanian Population.

Y chromosome analysis is used in a number of practical applications, including investigations of criminal cases, establishment of paternity, searching for missing persons, studies on human migration, evolutionary research, and historical and genealogical investigations. Questions about the origin of individual ethnic groups are addressed not only through archaeological, linguistic, and ethnographic methods but also through molecular genetics methods. The study of genetic diversity in Romania is particularly interesting from several perspectives because Romania, located in Southeast Europe, is distinguished by the fact that the Carpathians and the Danube served as natural barriers against the migrations of peoples for centuries, thus influencing the genetic mixture of the population. This is relevant for understanding the history and formation of ethnic groups in the region. In addition, many ethnic minorities live in Romania, which adds an additional dimension of genetic and cultural diversity. This article aims to provide an updated picture of the genetic diversity in Romania and to highlight the significant studies carried out among the Romanian population. By analyzing the articles published in the Web of Science, Scopus, or PubMed databases, which explore genetic diversity using the Y chromosome, the aim is to better understand the current genetic panorama in Romania.

Pressure scaling laws for partial discharges in wedge-shaped, dielectric-bounded gas gaps

A pressure scaling law for the partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of wedge-shaped, dielectric-bounded gas gaps is derived and experimentally validated. The investigated prototypical electrode geometry is of relevance in a number of practical applications, such as contacting enameled wires in electric motors or transformers. The derived pressure scaling law is of particular interest for electric propulsion in aviation systems. The results show that the PDIV can be accurately parametrized from first principles as a function of the scaling parameter p⋅s/εr , where p is the gas pressure, s is the thickness of the insulating coating and ɛ r its relative dielectric permittivity. Previously published empirical relationships between the PDIV and pressure are shown to be local approximations of the presented general scaling law. In particular, the often assumed linear relation of PDIV with pressure is shown to not be generally valid.

A coupled modeling framework for investigating flow maldistribution in cross-flow-corrugated plate heat exchangers

Accurate prediction of the impact of flow maldistribution on the thermo-hydraulic behavior of plate heat exchangers is important for thermal design and optimization in a number of practical applications. In this paper, a coupled modeling framework, consisting of a heat transfer model and a hydraulic model, is proposed for quantitatively evaluating the impact of maldistribution on the thermo-hydraulic performance of a cross-flow-corrugated plate heat exchanger. The numerical results of the proposed approach are validated by comparison with experimental data. Using the coupled model, the flow distribution nonuniformity, heat exchanger effectiveness deteriorations, and pressure drop deviations are analyzed. Furthermore, the combined effects of side stream maldistribution are investigated for different inlet Reynolds numbers and inlet temperatures. The results demonstrate that when the inlet gas Reynolds number is in the range of 1100–2700, nonuniform distribution of the gas side will cause air maldistribution, and a 10%–30% effectiveness deterioration rate. It is found that air maldistribution will not result in gas maldistribution when the inlet air Reynolds number is in the range of 6000–18 000, but increasing air nonuniformity. Will lead to increasing deterioration in heat exchanger effectiveness. In the presence of air and gas flow maldistribution, the pressure drops on the gas and air sides increase by 5% and less than 12.4%, respectively. This work provides a computational framework for optimization of cross-flow-corrugated plate heat exchangers to achieve desired thermo-hydraulic performance.

Impacto ambiental de las aplicaciones de fitosanitarios en producciones ornamentales intensivas en el partido de Moreno, provincia de Buenos Aires

Phytosanitary management in ornamental plant production is based on the use of synthetic products causing negative effects on the environment. The aim of this work was to analyze the environmental impact (EI) of pest management in intensive ornamental production in the district of Moreno, province of BuenosAires. The phytosanitary management of three establishments (E1, E2 and E3) representative of the area was described. The applications were analyzed and the EI was quantified through the calculation of the Field Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQf), which considers the effect on beneficial fauna, workers and consumers. The EIQf values were variable (1172.90, 752.90 and 54.70 for E1, E2 and E3, respectively), due to differences in the doses and number ofapplications. Producers used insecticides/acaricides (42 %) and fungicides/bactericides (58 %) homogeneously. Similarity was also observed in the proportion of phytosanitary products used according to the toxicological class, applying twice as many compounds from classes III and IV than those from classes I and II. This is the first contribution on EI of phytosanitary products in ornamental productions in Argentina in general, and in the Moreno district in particular.

Text Summarization for Personalized Movie Review

The aim of this project is to create a personalised review creation system for movies using a sequence-to-sequence model and abstractive text summary techniques. The idea is to developinsightful and personalised evaluations that capture the spirit and sentiment of a film.Abstractive text summarization is an Natural language processing (NLP) techniqueof generating new and brief summary of source text data. It generates new lines in summary of text data which are relevant to the original lines. Abstractive summarization yields a numberof applications in different domains, from books and literature, to scienceand R&D, to financial research and legal documents analysis. This project introduces a fresh method for generating personalized movie reviews using abstractive text summarization. The approach employs a BERT-based encoder-decoder model, trained onuser reviews enriched with movieratings. This enables the model to create reviews that are not only informative and captivating but also match the user's preferences. By merging NLP and user preferences, we provide summaries that offer insights into reviewswhile aligning with the user's cinematic likes. In the era of abundant online content, our personalized summarization technique is a valuable tool for helping users navigate movie-related information. Keywords : Transformers, Bert model, Bert for Sequence Classification, Bert Tokenizer, Pegasus model,Pegasus tokenizer, Data Loader, Pandas.

Survey on Clustering Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks and Cluster Head Selection Model

Low-powered wirelessly connected devices create a system that is self-contained and called Wireless sensor network (WSN), this system has a number of practical applications in the modern world. Nodes in WSN are spread out spatially and have wireless communication with other nodes in the network, these nodes are primarily dedicated to sensing the vicinity and recording the physical properties of the area, including collect observations pertaining to humidity, noise, load, temperature Sensors and other factors at a central station. From there, the end user analyzes the information. After distribution, a cluster is formed between nodes, called a cluster. One of the nodes is selected as the cluster's head, which is used to migrate the data across the network. Clustering is essential in addressing many issues in WSN, particularly in regards to their lifetime, energy savings, and interoperability. Many approaches exist for clustering WSN, the difference between them is in the choice of CH, the number of clusters, the structure of clusters, the policy for data aggregation, the efficiency of communication between clusters, and the choice of communication between internal and external clusters. This article provides a comprehensive comparison of various methods of clustering and their advantages and disadvantages in WSNs. It also describes the principles of CH selection and how it works within each category. This helps the end user to choose the most suitable one protocol for their needs, and also will assist researchers in addressing the problems revealed in the process of clustering WSN.

Similarity measures of picture fuzzy sets and their applications to pattern recognition1

As the theory of picture fuzzy sets has been developed, more information in life can be expressed in mathematical terms. Similarity measure is a special tool for quantifying the similarity between two sets, so studying similarity measure on picture fuzzy sets has become a trending topic. This new research direction has drawn a great deal of attention from experts and has led to a number of important results which have led to significant results in a number of practical applications. By examining these new findings, we discovered that there are many studies on similarity measure of picture fuzzy sets, some of them are deficient in solving certain problems, and such similarity measures can lead to the calculation of unreasonable data in practical applications, affecting the final results. Secondly, there is still room for research similarity measures on exponential functions. Considering these two aspects, we propose two new similarity measures based on exponential function, which not only satisfy the axiomatic definition of similarity measures, but also show reasonable computational results in practical applications.

Fluorescent Probes with Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Function for Monitoring the Gelation and Formation of Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan Copolymers.

Nanogel-forming polymers such as chitosan and alginic acid have a number of practical applications in the fields of drug delivery, food technology and agrotechnology as biocompatible, biodegradable polymers. Unlike bulk macrogel formation, which is followed by visually or easily detectable changes and physical parameters, such as viscosity or turbidity, the formation of nanogels is not followed by such changes and is therefore very difficult to track. The counterflow extrusion method (or analogues) enables gel nanoparticle formation for certain polymers, including chitosan and its derivatives. DLS or TEM, which are typically used for their characterization, only allow for the study of the already-formed nanoparticles. Alternatively, one might introduce a fluorescent dye into the gel-forming polymer, with the purpose of monitoring the effect of its microenvironment on the fluorescence spectra. But apparently, this approach does not provide a sufficiently specific signal, as the microenvironment may be affected by a big number of various factors (such as pH changes) including but not limited to gel formation per se. Here, we propose a new approach, based on the FRET effect, which we believe is much more specific and enables the elucidation of nanogel formation process in real time. Tryptophan-Pyrene is suggested as one of the donor-acceptor pairs, yielding the FRET effect when the two compounds are in close proximity to one another. We covalently attached Pyrene (the acceptor) to the chitosan (or PEG-chitosan) polymeric chain. The amount of introduced Pyrene was low enough to produce no significant effect on the properties of the resulting gel nanoparticles, but high enough to detect the FRET effect upon its interaction with Trp. When the Pyr-modified chitosan and Trp are both present in the solution, no FRET effect is observed. But as soon as the gel formation is initiated using the counterflow extrusion method, the FRET effect is easily detectable, manifested in a sharp increase in the fluorescence intensity of the pyrene acceptor and reflecting the gel formation process in real time. Apparently, the gel formation promotes the Trp-Pyr stacking interaction, which is deemed necessary for the FRET effect, and which does not occur in the solution. Further, we observed a similar FRET effect when the chitosan gel formation is a result of the covalent crosslinking of chitosan chains with genipin. Interestingly, using ovalbumin, having numerous Trp exposed on the protein surface instead of individual Trp yields a FRET effect similar to Trp. In all cases, we were able to detect the pH-, concentration- and temperature-dependent behaviors of the polymers as well as the kinetics of the gel formation for both nanogels and macrogels. These findings indicate a broad applicability of FRET-based analysis in biomedical practice, ranging from the optimization of gel formation to the encapsulation of therapeutic agents to food and biomedical technologies.

Impact of Gender and Underrepresented in Medicine Status on Research Productivity Among Ophthalmology Residency Applicants

Insufficient representation of women and underrepresented in medicine (URiM) students remains a problem among the ophthalmology workforce. In the residency selection process, research productivity is an important factor. We aimed to determine the average research output listed by applicants and assess for differences by gender and race. Retrospective cohort study. All San Francisco Match applications to the Wilmer Eye Institute for the 2019, 2020, and 2021 ophthalmology residency cycles were retrospectively reviewed. Each applicant's number of published research articles was recorded and subclassified into first-author publications in any field, publications in ophthalmology, and first-author publications in ophthalmology. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with successful publication. A total of 1376 applications were reviewed. On average, women had a greater number of publications in ophthalmology (2.08 vs 1.73, P=.05) and presentations (4.52 vs 4.09, P=.01) compared with men. Self-identified URiMs were less likely to list publications in ophthalmology (odds ratio [OR] 0.650, P=.05) and first-author publications in ophthalmology (OR 0.570, P=.02) compared to non-URiMs. Our findings highlight disparities in research productivity by self-identified URiM status. On the other hand, women had similar if not higher research outputs than men. Greater research mentorship and opportunities to support URiM students may facilitate the recruitment of diverse trainees to ophthalmology programs.

On the Uncertainty Properties of the Conditional Distribution of the Past Life Time.

For a given system observed at time t, the past entropy serves as an uncertainty measure about the past life-time of the distribution. We consider a coherent system in which there are n components that have all failed at time t. To assess the predictability of the life-time of such a system, we use the signature vector to determine the entropy of its past life-time. We explore various analytical results, including expressions, bounds, and order properties, for this measure. Our results provide valuable insight into the predictability of the coherent system's life-time, which may be useful in a number of practical applications.

Fate of Research Articles Reported by Ophthalmology Residency Applicants: What Happens to “Submitted” and “In Preparation” Articles?

As coronavirus disease 2019 affects clinical training opportunities and with the transition of U.S. Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 to pass-fail, research may become increasingly important for evaluating ophthalmology residency applicants. Though publication misrepresentation has been studied among ophthalmology residency applicants, eventual publication rates of incomplete articles remain unknown. We aimed to determine publication rates for manuscripts listed as "submitted" or "in preparation" on ophthalmology residency applications and identify factors associated with unpublished manuscripts. San Francisco Match applications to the Wilmer Eye Institute for the 2019 ophthalmology residency cycle were retrospectively reviewed. Each applicant's number of "published," "submitted," and "in preparation" manuscripts was recorded, then verified 1.5 years later through PubMed, Google Scholar, or journal websites. Unverifiable manuscripts were deemed "unpublished." Single academic institution (Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA) PARTICIPANTS: All 458 medical students who applied to the Wilmer Eye Institute for the 2019 ophthalmology residency cycle through the San Francisco Match. A total of 458 applications were reviewed. Of 428 "submitted" publications, 126 (29.4%) remained unpublished after 1.5 years. Of 324 manuscripts "in preparation," 215 (66.4%) remained unpublished. In a multivariate model, AOA was associated with not having an unpublished manuscript compared to applicants without AOA (OR: 0.423, p = 0.0163). Gender, Step 1 score, additional degrees, and a research year had no association. Nearly two-thirds of manuscripts listed as "in preparation" remained unpublished. Specific guidance from research mentors may help applicants better represent their publications in residency applications.

Proximity Principle in Legal Translation

This research paper introduces to proximity principle as an approach to translation in general, and legal translation in particular, when the full meaning is not attainable in the Target Language(TL). The main problem of this study is how to translate legal texts more approximately than accurately due to several reasons highlighted below. The principal aim of the study it to probe the principle of proximity as a translation strategy compared to perfect equivalence. accordingly, the importance of the study lies in understanding the process of the translator’s strife for approximate meaning in the TL. So, the main question of the paper is how translators manage and struggle to translate unfindable legal terms closely into the TL. On the other hand, the methodology of the study is based mainly on theoretical definitions, logical arguments, analytical and practical discussion, translation procedures and strategies, and culminated by conclusions and findings. One main finding is to establish the principle of proximity in translating legal texts in specific as a major strategy in translation theory to sort out solutions to the problems of translating non-equivalent legal terms. Finally, the paper covers points like the scope of proximity principle, its applicability, the justifications for using it, volume of potential loss of meaning involved, its credibility, proximity vis-à-vis faithfulness and accuracy, etc. All these and other points are considered in relation to a huge number of applications in practice in legal context.

Boiling in nanopores through localized Joule heating: Transition between nucleate and film boiling

The transition from nucleate to film boiling on micro/nanotextured surfaces is of crucial importance in a number of practical applications, where it needs to be avoided to enable safe and efficient heat transfer. Previous studies have focused on the transition process at the macroscale, where heat transfer and bubble generation are activated on an array of micro/nanostructures. In the present study, we narrow down our investigation scale to a single nanopore, where, through localized Joule heating within the pore volume, single-bubble nucleation and transition are examined at nanosecond resolution using resistive pulse sensing and acoustic sensing. Akin to macroscale boiling, where heterogeneous bubbles can nucleate and coalesce into a film, in the case of nanopores also, patches of heterogeneous bubbles nucleating on the cylindrical pore surface can form a torus-shaped vapor film blanketing the entire pore surface. In contrast to conventional pool boiling, nanopore boiling involves a reverse transition mechanism, where, with increased heat generation, film boiling reverts to nucleate boiling. With increasing bias voltage across the nanopore, the Joule heat production increases within the pore, leading to destabilization and collapse of the torus-shaped vapor film.

Long-term reliability of GFRP reinforcement in concrete structures

The article deals with the use of internal FRP (fibre reinforced polymer) reinforcement in concrete structures. In recent decades, the dynamically increasing number of applications in practice yields to the necessity to standardize test procedures, reliably determine short-term and, especially, long-term material characteristics. These are essential to the safe design of this modern material. Due to a lack of knowledge of the long-term behaviour, a substantive conservatism of the available design approaches arises. For this reason, the article deals mainly with the issue of determining the long-term reliability of FRP reinforcement in an aggressive environment with the simultaneous effect of the sustained load. Own findings from the performed long-term tests on the developed glass fibre reinforced polymer bars and experimentally obtained values will be presented.

Photodeposition mediated synthesis of silver-doped indium oxide nanoparticles for improved photocatalytic and anticancer performance.

Indium oxide nanoparticles (In2O3 NPs) are being investigated for a numberof applications including gas-sensing, environmental remediation, and biomedicine. We aimed to examine the effect of silver (Ag) doping on photocatalytic and anticancer activity of In2O3 NPs. The Ag-doped (2%, 4%, and 6%weight) In2O3 NPs were synthesized by the photodeposition method. Prepared samples were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and the photoluminescence (PL). XRD data showed that Ag-doping increases the crystallinity of In2O3 NPs. SEM and TEM images indicated that In2O3 NPs have spherical morphology with smooth surfaces, and Ag-doping increases the size without affecting the particle's shape. XPS spectra showed the oxidation state and the presence of Ag in In2O3 NPs. Band gap energy of In2O3 NPs decreases with increasing the concentration of Ag (3.41eV to 3.12eV). The peak intensity of PL spectra of In2O3 NPs also reduces with the increment of Ag ions suggesting the hindrance of the recombination rate of e-/h+. The photocatalytic activity was measured by the degradation of Rh B dye under UV irradiation. The degradation efficiency of Ag-doped (6%) In2O3 NPs was 92%. Biochemical data indicated that Ag-doping enhances the anticancer performance of In2O3 NPs against human lung cancer cells (A549). Moreover, Ag-doped In2O3 NPs displayed excellent biocompatibility in normal human lung fibroblasts (IMR90). Overall, this study demonstrated that Ag-doping enhances the photocatalytic activity and anticancer efficacy of In2O3 NPs. This study warrants further investigation on the environmental and biomedical applications of Ag-In2O3 NPs.

Capillary pressure mediated long-term dynamics of thin soft films

HypothesisThe conventional solid–solid contact is well studied in the literature. However, a number of practical applications, such as adhesive patches and biomimetic surfaces, require a much deeper understanding of soft contact where there is a distinct time-dependent adhesion behavior due to the dual-phase structure (solids and liquids). To understand this, currently existing solid–solid contact behavior is extrapolated to soft contact, wherein the size-effect of the gel film and the preload are typically neglected. When introducing the finite-size effect and preload, gels could experience distinctive long-term contact dynamics in contact with another material. ExperimentsWe reconstruct the evolving surface profile of the gel films intercalated between a glass sphere and glass slide using dual wavelength-reflection interference contrast microscopy. The macro-sized glass sphere compresses the gel. The indentation depth is comparable to the gel film thickness, wherein the conventional contact theories are inapplicable. FindingsThe gel surface experiences two deformation stages. The natural preload and elastic force develop the contact area in the early state. In the later state, the viscous free molecules of the gel develop the ridge. We discover that the residual surface stress relaxes over 85 hr. Our findings on the long-term gel deformation provide a new perspective on soft adhesion, from developing soft adhesives to understanding biological tissues.

Analysis and Comparison of Different Approaches to Implementing a Network-Based Parallel Data Processing Algorithm

It is well known that network-based parallel data processing algorithms are well suited to implementation in reconfigurable hardware recurring to either Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) or Programmable Systems-on-Chip (PSoC). The intrinsic parallelism of these devices makes it possible to execute several data-independent network operations in parallel. However, the approaches to designing the respective systems vary significantly with the experience and background of the engineer in charge. In this paper, we analyze and compare the pros and cons of using an embedded processor, high-level synthesis methods, and register-transfer low-level design in terms of design effort, performance, and power consumption for implementing a parallel algorithm to find the two smallest values in a dataset. This problem is easy to formulate, has a number of practical applications (for instance, in low-density parity check decoders), and is very well suited to parallel implementation based on comparator networks.

Handwriting Recognition Based on 3D Accelerometer Data by Deep Learning

Online handwriting recognition has been the subject of research for many years. Despite that, a limited number of practical applications are currently available. The widespread use of devices such as smartphones, smartwatches, and tablets has not been enough to convince the user to use pen-based interfaces. This implies that more research on the pen interface and recognition methods is still necessary. This paper proposes a handwritten character recognition system based on 3D accelerometer signal processing using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). First, a user wearing an MYO armband on the forearm writes a multi-stroke freestyle character on a touchpad by using the finger or a pen. Next, the 3D accelerometer signals generated during the writing process are fed into a CNN, LSTM, or CNN-LSTM network for recognition. The convolutional backbone obtains spatial features in order to feed an LSTM that extracts short-term temporal information. The system was evaluated on a proprietary dataset of 3D accelerometer data collected from multiple users with an armband device, corresponding to handwritten English lowercase letters (a–z) and digits (0–9) in a freestyle. The results show that the proposed system overcomes other systems from the state of the art by 0.53%.

A Comprehensive Review on Rare-Earth Based Thermoluminescence Phosphors for Radiation Dosimetry

When ionizing radiation is incident on an insulating crystal, some of the deposited energy is stored in the lattice at defect sites, colour centres, etc. Upon heating the crystal, this stored energy is released and a fraction of it may be emitted as visible light. This is called ‘Thermoluminescence.’ Within certain limitations, the amount of light emitted is proportional to the radiation dose previously absorbed by the TL material. The application of thermoluminescence (TL) as a methodology for radiation dosimetry of ionizing radiation has been well-established since several decades and has found number of practical applications in various fields, such as personnel and environmental monitoring, retrospective dosimetry, medical dosimetry, space dosimetry, high-dose dosimetry, etc. Especially, alkaline-earth silicates are appropriate compounds as radiation detectors due to their high chemical stability. Doping may either cause the formation of new defect centers or recovering of existing levels within the band-gap for a defective host which changes both the optical and electronic features of the materials. Therefore, it is of great importance by choosing both the dopant as well as the host for thermoluminescence application. It has already been reported that commercially available thermoluminescence phosphor suffers from fading, stability, etc., which justifies the ongoing need to identify factors that can be exploited to make a thermoluminescence phosphor with high efficiency and stability.

Efficacy evaluation of pepsin enzyme-based gel in chemo-mechanical caries removal on primary anterior teeth: a randomized controlled clinical study

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of a new pepsin enzyme-based gel compared with Carisolv as a CMCRagent. Clinical and radiographical evaluations of recurrent caries were made 3 and 6 months after treatment.Material and Methods: A split-mouth designed randomized controlled clinical study was carried out on 40 primaryanterior teeth of children aged between 4-7 years. Pepsin enzyme-based gel and Carisolv solution were appliedto carious lesions until complete removal of caries. The efficacy of both agents was evaluated by the number ofapplication times to remove all caries. Recurrent caries were evaluated clinically and radiographically after 3 and 6months of treatment. Results: Results showed no statistically significant differences in the efficacy of caries removalby the number of application times (P = 0.919). Concerning recurrent caries, clinical and radiographical evaluationafter three and six months showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.574, P =0.547, respectively). Conclusion: Pepsin enzyme-based gel can be considered similar to Carisolv gel regarding itsefficacy as a CMCR agent for small carious lesions on primary anterior teeth in children aged 4-7 years old. KEYWORDSCarisolv; Chemo-mechanical caries removal; Pepsin enzyme; Caries; Minimally invasive dentistry.