Number Of Alcohols Research Articles

СИНТЕЗЫ ЭЛЕУТЕЗИДОВ

The review is devoted to research in the field of "marine" diterpene metabolites of the 4,7-oxaeunicellan type, which have a taxol-like mechanism of cytotoxic action. The known most effective chemical syntheses are presented, as well as the results of our own research, on the basis of which, based on (+)-δ-cadinol, the formal synthesis of eleuthesides was realized, and the synthesis of analogs of sorcrdictyin A and eleutherobin was carried out from the Diels-Alder adduct of levogluclsenone and piperylene. In the course of the research, the features of the chemical behavior of the little-studied sesquiterpene (+)-δ-cadinol, isolated from the resin of the Siberian cedar Pinus sibirica R.Mayer, were revealed, which caused certain difficulties at the initial stage of research when developing a scheme for the synthesis of eleuthesides. Thus, the ozonolytic cleavage of the double bond, regardless of the reaction conditions, was accompanied by α-ketol rearrangement and aldol cyclization. Both problems were solved by protecting the aldehyde group into dimethyl acetal, and the hydroxyl groups by intramolecular oxacyclization into 1,4-epoxide. After the construction of the "upper" and "lower" side chains, the reverse transition from the 1,4-epoxide to the linear structure was carried out by the action of BF3·Et2O-Ac2O to obtain a diacetate derivative corresponding to the key synthon of the synthesis scheme of Nicolau et al., which completed the formal synthesis of eleuthesides. Based on the analysis of literature data on the properties of N-methylurocanoic acid and its role in sarcodictyins, an assumption was made about the manifestation of cytotoxic properties by more accessible esters of the little-studied N-methylurocanoic acid. In this regard, methods have been developed for obtaining esters of urocanic acid from histidine and glucose and its N-methylation. Then, esters of N-methylurocanoic acid were synthesized with a number of alcohols, including those of natural origin. Using a similar strategy, a scheme was developed for the synthesis of the structural core of an eleutheside analog with a 14-methylcyclohexene ring A starting from the Diels-Alder adduct of levoglucosenone and piperylene. The key step of the scheme is the intramolecular acetylenealdehyde cyclization into a 10-membered carbocycle, which completes the construction of the eleutheside core. Trichloroacetimidate, a glycosylation agent in the synthesis of eleutherobin, was obtained. Synthetic studies have been completed by obtaining analogs of sarcodictin A with a 14-methylcyclohexene ring A and an analog of eleutherobin with a similar ring A and an orthoester arabinose substituent.

EFFECT OF ALCOHOL INTAKE AND CIGARETTE SMOKING ON LIPID PROFILE LEVELS AND SELECTED INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS

Background: Alcoholism and cigarette smoking pose serious health risks globally. They have a connection to several diseases that are the main causes of sickness and death. Relatively few studies have examined the effects of alcohol use and cigarette smoking on lipid profile levels and particular inflammatory biomarkers, in contrast to the substantial body of research on the effects of smoking on traditional indicators that explain the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we assess how lipid profile levels and certain inflammatory biomarkers are affected by alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. Method: The study involved the recruitment of 160 participants. Data pertaining to their medical records, daily alcohol and cigarette use, and length of smoking were gathered using a structured questionnaire. The participants were divided into additional groups: smokers (40), alcoholics (40), alcoholic-smokers (40), and controls (40). Spectrophotometric analysis was used to assess the overall cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, protein content in general, and CRP. LDL-cholesterol, cardiac risk Indices and atherogenic Indices were determined using Friedewald and Castelli formulas, respectively. Result: In comparison with the control group, the levels of total protein and albumin were considerably lower in smokers, alcoholics, and alcoholic-smokers (p < 0.05). In contrast, CRP levels were elevated in smokers, alcoholics, and alcoholic-smokers when compared with controls. But as compared to smokers, the number of alcoholics and alcoholic-smokers is significantly lower. Serum levels of low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and overall cholesterol were found to be considerably higher in the groups than in the control group. In relation to the control, the groups' HDL-C levels were, however, far lower. Cardiac risk indices and atherogenic indices were significantly elevated between the groups in contrast to the control. Conclusion: This present study suggests that both cigarette smokers and alcoholics may promote systemic inflammatory processes and systemic lipid disorders. These findings may give an insight to the mechanism by which smoking, and alcohol intake promote arterial sclerosis.

Qualitative/Quantitative Analysis of Alcohol and Licit/Illicit Drugs on Post-Mortem Biological Samples from Road Traffic Deaths

Alcohol and drug abuse is a major contributory factor of all road deaths in Europe. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of alcohol and licit/illicit drug intake among victims of road accidents in Campania region (Italy). A retrospective analysis of road traffic deaths from 2013 to 2022 in Campania was performed. The toxicological results from fluid samples collected at autopsy were reviewed. In total, 228 road deaths occurred, mostly during nights and weekends. A total of 106 victims tested positive for alcohol and/or drugs, among which 39 (36.8%) tested positive for alcohol only, 27 (25.5%) for alcohol and drugs in association; and 40 (37.7%) for licit/illicit drugs only, either individually or in combination. Polydrug intake has been found in 21 victims, and nine in combination with alcohol. The most detected drugs were cocaine and Δ9THC, followed by benzodiazepines. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) > 1.5 g/L was found in most alcohol positives, both alone and in association with drugs. Despite the penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) and drugs (DUID), no decrease in the number of alcohol and/or drugs related fatal road accidents has been observed. DUI and/or DUID cases were approximately one third of the entire sample study.

Comparison of the Quality of Mountain Sheep Milk Obtained from Animals Kept on a Natural and Organic Mountain Pasture

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of mountain sheep milk obtained from animals kept on mountain pastures: natural and organic. The experimental procedure was conducted under production conditions, during annual grazing of mountain sheep on two mountain pastures in the region of the Polish Carpathians: on organic pasture certified for organic farming and natural mountain pasture belonging to the National Park. This study showed greater plant species diversity in the organic mountain pasture, but its yielding was lower than that of the natural pasture. The sward of the natural pasture was characterised by lower dry matter and fibre content but contained more total protein. The type of pasture did not affect the basic composition of the milk of mountain sheep, while differences were found in terms of acidity, alcohol number, fatty acid profile of fat and milk protein fractions. Milk obtained from sheep grazed on organic pasture was characterised by a higher proportion of medium chain fatty acids, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids, and also essential unsaturated fatty acids, both linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid. In milk originating from the natural mountain pasture, a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and the CLA c9-t11 isomer was found. The composition of milk protein fractions varied according to the location of grazing: milk from sheep grazing on natural pasture had a higher content of whey fractions, important for consumer health, milk from organic pasture had a higher content of κ-casein, of greatest importance in dairy processing technology. The floral composition of the pasture had an influence on the quality of sheep milk in relation to the fatty acid profile of fat and protein fractions of milk, which is important in terms of both the health-promoting and technological aspects of the raw material and may affect the quality of products made from it.

Evaluation of the move to remote delivery of drug and alcohol services during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study protocol.

Background:Substance misuse is a significant global health concern. In the UK, the prevalence of substance misuse has increased over the past decade and the number of alcohol and drug related deaths are increasing. Individuals with substance dependency issues are entitled to access treatment services. However, the COVID-19 pandemic created significant challenges for public services, including drug and alcohol treatment, and resulted in significant service reconfiguration and a shift from in-person to remote delivery. This study aims to evaluate the delivery of drug and alcohol services in a large metropolitan area in Northern England during the COVID-19 pandemic. It aims to understand the impact of service reconfiguration for services, staff and service users, and to use this understanding to inform the future optimised design of services.Design and methods:The study has five workstreams within a mixed methods framework: (1) Systematic review of literature; (2) Qualitative process evaluation with service providers (digital timelines, focus groups and interviews); (3) Qualitative process evaluation with service users (interviews, focus groups, text based conversations and case studies); (4) Quantitative outcomes and health economic analysis; and (5) Data synthesis and dissemination.Expected Impact of the study for Public Health:The breadth of the study, its novel nature, and the importance of substance misuse as a public health issue, mean that this study will provide valuable findings for those who commission, deliver and use drug and alcohol treatment services nationally and internationally. There will also be important learning for the effective remote delivery of services in sectors beyond drug and alcohol treatment.

School, family, and peer predictors of adolescent alcohol and marijuana use

This study aimed to determine the contribution of family, school, and peer characteristics in alcohol and marijuana use. Since it is focused on adolescent relationships with their environment, the Primary Socialisation Theory was used as a theoretical background. A total of 6788 adolescents from different secondary school programmes participated in the research. The CTC questionnaire for children and youth, the School Attachment Scale and the Commitment Scale, and the Adapted Resilience and Youth Development Module were used. Besides calculating the descriptive parameters, the univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used. The results indicate an increasing number of alcohol and marijuana use among male at higher school classes. Caring family relations have shown to be a strong protective factor for alcohol and marijuana use. In a school context, a low commitment to school tasks, skipping school, and low school success are predictors of alcohol and marijuana use. Caring peer relationships have also shown to be predictors of drinking and marijuana use, while the probability for consumption got lower among adolescents reporting about hanging out with peers who hold high expectations. Presented results are emphasizing the importance of investing in quality of adolescent relationships with their environment, and making a strong case for preventive investments.

Ozone Treatment Increases the Release of VOC from Barley, Which Modifies Seed Germination.

Ozone is widely used to control pests in grain and has an impact on seed germination. The germination process involves multiple secondary metabolites, such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are altered under ozone treatment. Here, an optimized solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was implemented to explore changes in VOCs from barley seeds under ozone treatment. The data demonstrated that barley released both a greater variety and quantity of VOCs under oxidative stress. The number of alcohols and hydrocarbons gradually decreased, whereas aldehydes and organic acids markedly increased with increasing ozone treatment time. Acetic acid was identified as a potential ozone stress-specific marker. Furthermore, the dosage-dependent function of acetic acid on the germination of barley was verified, namely, a low dosage of acetic acid increased the germination and vice versa. This study provided new insights into how barley responds to ozone treatment and highlighted the role of acetic acid in seed germination.

Alcoholism Among the Priests of the Đakovo-Osijek Archdiocese

In many countries today, alcoholism is becoming an increasingly common problem, the number of alcoholics is increasing, and the disease occurs in all professions and occupations. Therefore, it is important to talk about the increasing presence of alcoholism not only among lay believers but also among the clergy of the Catholic Church. The aim of this paper is to point out the causes of alcohol addiction and the consequences of alcoholism on the life and work of priests from the area of the Đakovo-Osijek Archdiocese. Based on the results of qualitative-quantitative research conducted using a survey questionnaire (9 priests), sampled using the »snowball« technique, this paper will, for the first time, talk about a problem that has not been discussed in the Croatian scientific community. The conducted research points to stressful events, loneliness, and mis-understanding of superiors and the environment as the main causes of alcoholism among priests.

Recreational Marijuana Legalization and Co-use With Alcohol Among Adolescents

Little is known about the possible impacts of recreational marijuana legalization on alcohol and marijuana co-use among underage youth. This study examines the association between recreational marijuana legalization in California in 2016 and alcohol and marijuana co-use among adolescents. Additional analyses investigate the associations between recreational marijuana legalization and co-use among past 30-day drinkers and marijuana users and the frequency of alcohol and marijuana use among co-users. This study used annual cross-sectional data from 7th, 9th, and 11th graders (N=3,319,329) who participated in the California Healthy Kids Survey from 2010-2011 to 2018-2019. Measures included past 30-day alcohol and marijuana use and student demographic characteristics, survey year, pre-post recreational marijuana legalization, and urbanicity. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted in 2021. Recreational marijuana legalization was associated with greater odds of past 30-day alcohol and marijuana co-use in the total sample (OR=1.06, 95% CI=1.05, 1.07). Recreational marijuana legalization was more strongly associated with co-use among adolescents who reported past 30-day alcohol use (OR=1.58, 95% CI=1.52, 1.62) and heavy drinking (OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.21, 1.29) but was inversely related to co-use among past 30-day marijuana users (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.74, 0.78). Among past 30-day co-users, there was a positive association with the frequency of marijuana use (β=0.36, SE=0.07). Recreational marijuana legalization may increase the risk of alcohol and marijuana co-use among adolescents. Greater restrictions on the numbers of alcohol and marijuana retail outlets and hours of operation and advertising and higher taxes on alcohol and marijuana products may help reduce the availability of these substances to adolescents.

Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Kovid-19 Pandemisine İlişkin Tutum, Davranış ve İnançları

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs of medical faculty students about the covid-19 pandemic. Methods: Between 29/03/2020 and 04/13/2020 a total of 1,332 students had been questioned in three Turkish speaking countries (Turkey, Azerbaijan, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus). Results: The average age of the students were 20.1 ± 1.6. Among all 895 (67.7%) of them were female and 427 (32.3%) were male. 1020 (77.2%) of the studens were in Turkey, 195 (14.8%) were in Azerbaijan and 107 (8.1%) were in the TRNC. 104 of the students (7.9%) had a chronic disease. It was found that number of alcohol and cigarette users decreased significantly during the pandemic. (p <0.001, p <0.001). Anxiety levels of those who quit or reduced smoking were found to be higher than those who increased or did not change their amount of smoking (p=0.034). It was found that the most benefited sources were “their faculty lecturers” (n=453, 34.3%), “Worldometer ® website” (n= 449, 34%) and “Youtube videos” (n=396, 30%). Conclusion: Longitudinal studies are needed on the effects of pandemic on alcohol and tobacco use. It is important to educate future physicians in social media literacy, interpretation and responsibilities for social media posts. In this way, perhaps we can contribute to minimize the public’s erroneous beliefs and maladaptive behaviors regarding the pandemic and reduce stigmatizing attitudes towards physicians, elders and Asians

Оценка влияния долговой нагрузки на число самоубийств в регионах России

Population size is one of the most important parameters of national social and economic systems. This parameter is controlled by a variety of factors (components) that form ambiguous and complex feedback circuits. The most important issue is the study of the behavioral reactions of the population, which form certain parameters of the dynamics of the population. The authors consider only one behavioral reaction that seems to them to be important – the propensity for suicide, which ultimately leads to the formation of the suicide dynamics and which entails serious socio-economic and demographic losses. We put an emphasis on assessing the impact of financial parameters, namely households’ debt burden, on the suicide rates in the Russian regions. An econometric assessment of the influence of individual debt on the number of suicides among other socio-economic factors (unemployment rate, logarithm of GRP per capita, divorce rate, number of patients with mental disorders, average actual working week, number of alcoholics) was carried out for the regions among rural, urban populations and total. We use panel data for 80 Russian regions covering the period from 2005 to 2018. We apply the generalized method of moments (GMM) using Stata 14 statistical package. The empirical analysis demonstrates negative impact of the amount of individual debt on the number of suicides in the regions of Russia, which contradicts the results of similar studies conducted for developed economies. At the same time, some results obtained earlier in domestic and foreign studies have been confirmed, including an existence of a parabolic (U-shaped) dependence between the length of working hours and the suicide rates in the regions of the Russian Federation. In addition, there is a direct connection between an increase in the committed suicides and an increase in divorce rates and the number of patients with mental disorders. Moreover, we find out that the rise in unemployment rate and alcohol consumption leads to an increase in the number of committed suicides. This effect is especially perceptible among the people living in rural areas

The role of alcohol in the link between national football (soccer) tournaments and domestic abuse - Evidence from England.

Domestic abuse is increasingly recognised as a serious public health concern worldwide. Previous research has suggested a link between national football (soccer) tournaments and domestic abuse. While hypothesized to be a significant factor, the role alcohol plays in this relationship has not yet been explored quantitatively. In this study, using 10 years' worth of crime data (from 2010 to 2019) from the second largest police force in England (West Midlands Police), we explored the effect of England draws, losses, and wins in national football tournaments on the number of alcohol and non-alcohol-related domestic abuse cases reported to the police. Results from a series of negative binomial regression analyses show that the number of reported alcohol-related domestic abuse cases increases by 47%, 95% confidence interval [26%-71%], following an England football victory. This effect is limited to alcohol-related cases. The estimate translates into a 0.53, 95% CI [0.3-0.8], increase in the daily rate of alcohol-related cases per 100,000 individuals. The England win effect survives various robustness checks (including the re-analysis of a dataset from another geographical area in England), and its time course is strongly consistent with a causal link between England's football victories and an increase in alcohol-related domestic abuse. We also found a comparable increase in the number of other (not classified as domestic abuse) alcohol-related violent crimes on England win days. Further research is required to understand the exact causal pathway between national football tournaments, alcohol consumption, and violent behaviours in domestic settings.

The Role of Alcohol in the Link Between National Football Tournaments (Soccer) and Domestic Abuse – Evidence From England

Domestic abuse is increasingly recognized as a serious public health concern worldwide. Previous research has suggested a link between national football (soccer) tournaments and domestic abuse. While hypothesized to be a significant factor, the role alcohol plays in this relationship has not yet been explored quantitatively. In this study, using 10 years’ worth of crime data (from 2010 to 2019) from the third largest police force in England (West Midlands police), we explored the effect of England draws, losses, and wins in national football tournaments on the number of alcohol and non-alcohol-related domestic abuse cases reported to the police. Results from a series of negative binomial regression analyses show that the number of reported alcohol-related domestic abuse cases increases by 47%, 95% confidence interval [26% – 71%], following an England football victory. This effect is limited to alcohol-related cases. The estimate translates into a 0.53, 95% CI [0.3 – 0.8], increase in the daily rate of alcohol-related cases per 100,000 individuals. The England win effect survives various robustness checks (including the re-analysis of a data set from another geographical area in England), and its time course is strongly consistent with a causal link between England’s football victories and an increase in alcohol-related domestic abuse. We also found a comparable increase in the number of other (non-domestic abuse related) alcohol-related violent crimes on England win days. Further research is required to understand the exact causal pathway between national football tournaments, alcohol consumption, and violent behaviors in domestic settings.

Alcohol or Benzodiazepine Co-involvement With Opioid Overdose Deaths in the United States, 1999-2017

The use of benzodiazepines or alcohol together with opioids increases overdose risk, but characterization of co-involvement by predominant opioid subtype is incomplete to date. Understanding the use of respiratory depressants in opioid overdose deaths (OODs) is important for prevention efforts and policy making. To assess the prevalence and number of alcohol- or benzodiazepine-involved OODs by opioid subtypes in the United States from 1999 to 2017. This repeated cross-sectional analysis used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database of all opioid-involved poisoning deaths from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2017, for the United States. State-level binge drinking prevalence rates for 2015 to 2017 were obtained from the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and benzodiazepine prescribing rates for 2012 (most recent available data) were obtained from IMS Health, a commercial database. Data were analyzed from July 10, 2018, to May 16, 2019. Prevalence of alcohol or benzodiazepine co-involvement for all OODs and by opioid subtype, nationally and by state. From 1999 to 2017, 399 230 poisoning deaths involved opioids, of which 263 601 (66.0%) were male, and 204 560 (51.2%) were aged 35 to 54 years. Alcohol co-involvement for all opioid overdose deaths increased nonlinearly from 12.4% in 1999 to 14.7% in 2017. By opioid subtype, deaths involving heroin and synthetic opioids (eg, fentanyl; excluding methadone) had the highest alcohol co-involvement at 15.5% and 14.9%, respectively, in 2017. Benzodiazepine co-involvement in all OODs increased nonlinearly from 8.7% in 1999 to 21.0% in 2017. Benzodiazepines were present in 33.1% of prescription OODs and 17.1% of synthetic OODs in 2017. State-level rates of binge drinking were significantly correlated with alcohol co-involvement in all OODs (r = 0.34; P = .02). State benzodiazepine prescribing rates were significantly correlated with benzodiazepine co-involvement in all OODs (r = 0.57; P < .001). This study found that alcohol and benzodiazepine co-involvement in opioid-involved overdose deaths was common, varied by opioid subtype, and was associated with state-level binge drinking and benzodiazepine prescribing rates. These results may inform state policy initiatives in harm reduction and overdose prevention efforts.

Исследование влияния температуры на электропроводность растворов неорганических солей в этаноле

The electrical conductivity of the solutions depends on the nature of the solute and solvent. For a solvent, the main parameter is the dielectric constant. Since the dielectric constant of alcohols is much less than the dielectric constant of water, the electrical conductivity of alcoholic solutions of salts is less than the electrical conductivity of their aqueous solutions. Therefore, alcoholic solutions of inorganic salts are weak electrolytes. We previously studied the electrical conductivity of inorganic salts in a number of alcohols (ethanol, propanol-2 and butanol-1) at room temperature. It is of interest to study the effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity of salts in alcohols. Obviously, an increase of temperature salt solutions leads to an increase in their electrical conductivity. To study the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions electrolytes, we proposed an approach based on the study of the effect of temperature on the equivalent electrical conductivity of solutions at infinite dilution λ∞. Using this approach, we studied the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of a number of inorganic salts, carboxylic acids, and amino acids as a function of temperature. It has been established that for these solutions the dependence λ∞(Т) is described by the exponential Arrhenius equation λ∞ = Аexp(-E/(RT)). However, such studies have not been conducted for alcoholic salt solutions. In this regard, this article explores the possibility of describing the experimental data λ∞(Т) for solutions of certain inorganic salts in ethanol by this equation. It is shown that the Arrhenius equation with the found activation energies adequately describes the temperature dependence of the ultimate equivalent conductivity for solutions of a number of inorganic salts (chloride and calcium nitrate, cadmium iodide, lithium and potassium chloride, chloride, iodide and ammonium nitrate, silver nitrate and sodium bromide) in ethyl alcohol.

Исследование влияния температуры на электропроводность спиртовых растворов алкоголятов натрия и калия

Earlier, we studied the electrical conductivity of inorganic salts in a number of alcohols (ethanol, propanol-2, and butanol-1) at room temperature and found that alcoholic solutions of inorganic salts are weak electrolytes. It is known that an increase in the temperature of salt solutions leads to an increase in electrical conductivity due to an increase in the mobility of their ions in the solvent medium. To study the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of electrolytes, we proposed an approach based on the study of the effect of temperature on the equivalent electrical conductivity of solutions at infinite dilution λ∞. Using this approach, we studied the electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of a number inorganic salts (nitrates, acetates, and phosphates), carboxylic acids, and amino acids as a function of temperature. It was found that for these solutions the dependence λ∞(Т) is described by the exponential Arrhenius equation λ∞ = Аexp(-E/(RT)). This equation was used to describe the temperature dependence of the ultimate equivalent conductivity for solutions of a number of inorganic salts (calcium and nitrate calcium, cadmium, lithium and potassium iodides, chloride, iodide and ammonium nitrate, silver nitrate and sodium bromide) in ethanol. This article investigated and demonstrated the possibility of describing the experimental data λ∞(Т) for solutions of ethylates, propylates and isopropylates of sodium and potassium in the corresponding alcohols (ethylates in ethanol, propylates in propanol, isopropylates in isopropyl alcohol) using the same equation.

The Study on Current Situation and Intervention of Addiction in Korea

The actual situation of domestic addicts is one in eight. Furthermore, addiction is making the next generation sick. The number of alcohol, drug,...

Clustering of regions by indicators of quality of life and quality of population

The problem of improving qualitative characteristics of population is relevant for all regions. Its solution assumes breaking the subjects of the Russian Federation into groups, similar in the values of quality of population, and in the degree of effectiveness of the factors affecting them. The main factor considered in the article is quality of life in terms of all its dimensions. The previous correlation analysis of the indicators of quality of life and quality of population made it possible to substantiate the choice of system of indicators for grouping Russian regions with the purpose of elaborating a strategy for improvement of the qualitative characteristics of population. There is revealed a strong impact of the economic indicators of quality of life on the quality of population: average monetary per capita income, poverty rate and unemployment rate. Along with the obvious connection between these indicators, their ratio in different Russian regions is various. Among all indicators of the quality of population, 4 indicators were selected for analysis: natural increase of population, life expectancy, education level, number of alcoholics and drug addicts. Cluster analysis on the set of seven above mentioned indicators resulted in development of regions' typology consisting of seven groups. Each cluster received informative interpretation. The obtained typology was compared with the typology of regions by indicators of quality of population and the typology by indicators of quality of life. Their common features and differences were identified. Inclusion in consideration of territorial factor, which was presented in the article by the share of urban population in regions, did not confirm the hypothesis of its significant impact on the quality of population. On the basis of all the obtained results and their substantive analysis the authors propose a typology of regions which can be used for development of strategies for improvement of the qualitative characteristics of population with the account of the specifics of each regional cluster.

УКРАЇНОЗНАВЧИЙ ОСВІТНІЙ ЧИННИК В УМОВАХ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МАСОВОЇ КУЛЬТУРИ

The purpose and tasks of the work are to analyze the contemporary Ukrainian mass culture in terms of its value and humanistic components, as well as the importance of cultural studies and Ukrainian studies in educational disciplines for the formation of a holistic worldview of modern youth.Analysis of research and publications. Scientists repeatedly turned to the problems of the role of spirituality in the formation of society and its culture. This problem is highlighted in the publications by O. Losev, V. Lytvyn, D. Likhachev, S. Avierintsev, M. Zakovych, I. Stepanenko and E. Kostyshyn.Experts see the main negative impact of mass culture on the quality approach, which determines mass culture through the market, because mass culture, from our point of view, is everything that is sold and used in mass demand.One of the most interesting studies on this issue was the work by the representatives of Frankfurt School M. Horkheimer and T. Adorno «Dialectics of Enlightenment» (1947), devoted to a detailed analysis of mass culture. Propaganda at all socio-cultural levels in the form is similar in both totalitarian and democratic countries. It is connected, according to the authors, with the direction of European enlightenment. The tendency to unify people is a manifestation of the influence of mass culture, from cinema to pop. Mass culture is a phenomenon whose existence is associated with commerce (accumulation in any form – this is the main feature of education), in general, the fact that it exists in this form is related to the direction of the history of civilization.Modern mass culture, with its externally attractive and easily assimilated ideas and symbols, appealing to the trends of modern fashion, becomes a standard of prestigious consumption, does not require intense reflection, allows you to relax, distract, not teach, but entertains, preaches hedonism as the main spiritual value. And as a consequence, there are socio-cultural risks: an active rejection of other people, which leads to the formation of indifference; cruelty as a character trait; increase of violent and mercenary crime; increase in the number of alcohol and drug addicts; anti-patriotism; indifference to the values of the family and as a result of social orphanhood and prostitution.Conclusions, perspectives of research. Thus, we can conclude that modern Ukrainian education is predominantly formed by the values of mass culture. Namely, according to the «Dialectic» by Horkheimer and Adorno, «semi-enlightenment becomes an objective spirit» of our modern society.It is concluded that only high-quality education can create the opposite of the onset of mass culture and the destruction of spirituality in our society. It is proved that only by realizing the importance of cultivating disciplines in the educational process and the spiritual upbringing of the nation, through educational reforms, humanitarian knowledge will gradually return to student audiences.Formation of youth occurs under the influence of social environment, culture, education and self-education. The optimal combination of these factors determines both the process of socialization itself and how successful it will be. In this context, one can see the leading role of education and upbringing. It turns out that the main task of modern education is to spread its influence on the development of spiritual culture of the individual, which eventually becomes a solid foundation for the formation of the individual. Such a subject requires both philosophical and humanitarian approaches in further integrated interdisciplinary research, since the availability of such research will provide the theoretical foundation for truly modern educational and personal development.

Enhancing the Quality and Utility of Content Analyses for Addictive Disorders.

The advances in Mobile Health (M-health) technologies has led to an increase in the numbers of alcohol and drugs applications on the commercial stores. Content analyses and reviews of applications to date have demonstrated that most of these applications are for entertainment or information purposes. More recent content analyses have identified common behavioural change techniques in substance applications. Nevertheless, there remain several limitations of existing content analyses and reviews of applications. There is an increasing prevalence of other substance-related disorders, such as that of stimulants and opioids, but the existing content analyses are limited to an analysis of alcohol and cannabis applications. Only two of the content analyses performed to date have attempted to identify applications that have their basis on a theoretical approach, based on the identification of behavioural change techniques or motivational techniques. There is a need to identify applications on the commercial stores that replicate conventional psychological interventions, or at least provide elements of conventional psychological interventions using behavioural change techniques that are integrated into the application. Further evaluative research could be done on these applications to determine if they are efficacious before using them for patient care. To address the limitation that existing content analyses have only focused on reviews of alcohol and cannabis applications, we propose for there to be updated content analyses for alcohol and cannabis, and new content analyses for other substances of abuse (such as opioids and stimulants). We like to suggest that future reviews consider keywords such as abstinence or recovery, and ones that relate to psychological therapies, such as self-determination or attention bias retraining, as commercial applications that have an underlying psychological basis might be categorised differently, under different keyword terms. We have evidence of how a better search strategy identifies previously unrecognised applications for attentional bias modification.