Number Of Adult Flies Research Articles

An Efficient Trap for Collecting Wild Adult Stable Flies, Stomoxys Calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), for Mark-Release Studies1

A CO2-Alsynite® attractant trap for collecting large numbers of wild adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans , for subsequent mark-release studies is described. The largest numbers of adult flies were collected when traps were placed 10 cm above ground level. Six traps, placed at a local dairy in Michigan, USA, consistently caught 8000 to 10,000 adult stable flies per week throughout the summer.

An investigation of the host range of the carrot fly

SUMMARYThe historical records of the earliest reports of umbelliferous and other hosts of carrot fly (Psila rosae) are presented and their validity discussed. In addition, the results are reported of tests made between 1972 and 1980 on 27 species of Umbelliferae and three sub‐species of Daucus carota to determine whether they would support the carrot fly. Techniques were developed for identifying plant species as hosts by determining the number of adult flies that emerged from root and soil samples obtained from plants exposed to carrot fly in the field. Experiments in 1979 and 1980 indicating the importance of co‐ordinating the life cycles of plant and insect. The results showed that certain annual species of Umbelliferae were unsuitable as hosts in the autumn when they has flowered and senesced. Valid records could only be obtained for these species by exposing the plants to first generation carrot fly attack. Of the 27 species tested, Anthriscus sylvestris, Ferula communis, and Smyrnium olusatrum failed to support carrot fly and the following 13 species were new host records: Aethusa cynapium, Anthriscus caucalis, Apium inundatum, Apium nodiflorum, Bupleurum tenuissimum, Chaerophyllum temulentum, Cicuta virosa, Daucus capillifolius, Daucus glochidiatus, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Ligusticum scoticum, Oenanthe crocata and Sison amomum. From two species, Chaerophyllum temulentum and Torilis japonica, more than two carrot flies/root were recovered. These species are numerous and widespread in carrot‐growing districts. The significance of these and other wild host plants in relation to the ecology and control of carrot fly is discussed.

Control of Manure Breeding Flies in Poultry Houses with Larvadex, 1981

Abstract Three high rise poultry houses located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania were used to evaluate Larvadex, an insect growth inhibitor for the control of manure breeding muscid flies. Treatment schedules were varied in order to determine the frequency of applications needed in order to maintain control. Two different treatment applications were tested, i.e., mixed in the feed and metered through the water. Changes in house fly populations were monitored by counting the number of adult flies resting within ft marked areas on the walls and posts. As a feed-through, 1 lb of Larvadex 0.3% premix per ton of feed was tested at a high rise house at Penryn. The house was 44 x 478 ft and housed 60,000 caged layers. The house was completely cleaned out before 22-week old birds were moved in on Mar 16. Larvadex was fed from May 4-19, 24-26, Jun 19-21, Jul 16-18, Jul 24-26, Aug 14-16, 21-23, 29-31, Sep 8-10, 16-19, and 26-28. The only other fly control measures taken to reduce adult fly buildup was spraying the pit walls with Atroban 25% WP (permethrin) on Oct 3, ‘80 and baiting upstairs occasionally with Golden Malrin (Lannate). When Larvadex was metered through the water, 3 ml 5% SC per 100 gal water, it was tested in two high rise houses. The house near Colebrook was 44 x 400 ft and housed 50,000 caged layers. The house was cleaned out in Feb before the birds went out and new birds were added Feb 25. Larvadex was immediately started and used every other day until Mar 11. Then it was used on Mar 12-13, 16-30, Apr 3, 6, 13, Apr 20-May 1, May 4-5, 8-9, 12, 15, 20, Jun 1-2, 8-9, 15-16, 22-25, 30, Jul 1, 3-7, and 10-11. None was used again until Sep 1 when it was used everyday for 12 days. After that, it was metered in only 2 rows, where breeding was most evident, until Sep 20. All 5 rows received treatment on Sep 28-30. Other fly control measures taken were spraying 83.8% of the pit wall with Ectrin 15% WP (fenvalerate) on Jul 27, and the upstairs was fogged with C-EM-DIE (pyrethrin) on Aug 21. The house at Ephrata was 44 X 500 ft and housed 45,000 caged layers. The flock had been in place since Nov ‘80 and the manure was totally removed May 8th and 0.33 on Sep 24. Larvadex was used from May 13th to Jun 12, Jun 20-22, Jul 10-11, 17-18, 23-25, Jul 31-Aug 3, Aug 26-28, Sep 4-6, 11-13, 19-21, and 26-28.

Swine Barns, Evaluation of Atroban (PERMETHRIN) Treated Cords for House Fly Control, 1979

Abstract Two swine barns with heavy house fly populations were selected to test 3% Atro ban-treated orlon yarn cords for house fly control in early August. Three foot lengths of cords were suspended vertically from the ceiling of each barn. One cord was suspended for every 70 ft2 of surface area In one barn and at 1/140 ft2 in the other barn. A similar swine barn in the area served as an untreated check. House fly populations were monitored twice weekly during the first 3 weeks and weekly thereafter. The number of fly specks left overnight on 2 x 11 inch white paper strips plus the number of adult flies resting on 1 M2 areas were used in evaluating the results.

Control of Manure Breeding Flies in Poultry Houses with CGA-72662, 1980

Control of Manure Breeding Flies in Poultry Houses with CGA-72662, 1980

Dispersal of Vegetable Leafminer onto a Transplant Production Range

Experiments were conducted on a commercial vegetable and ornamental transplant range in Sun City, FL during the 1977 fall and winter to determine attraction of various trap colors and to monitor leafminer dispersal into the range. Significantly more adult flies were captured on yellow traps than on yellow-green, orange, green and blue. Use of a protective transparent plastic bag on the yellow poster board traps had no significant affect on the number of adult flies trapped. Significantly more flies were trapped on cards located on the periphery of the range nearest the prevailing wind and within 100 ft of commercial tomato farms. Fly movement onto the transplant production range and infestation within production houses reflected both proximity of source and prevailing wind direction.

Effects of ULV Organophosphates on Horn Flies and Face Flies of Cattle, and on the Bovine Coprocoenosis 1

A study in east-central South Dakota during the summers of 1971 and 1972 evaluated insecticidal control of horn and face flies ( Haematobia irritans (L.) and Musca autumnalis De Geer, respectively) on cattle, as well as potential side effects to the insects of the bovine coprocoenosis. Three organophosphate compounds were aerially applied in ULV formulations: Ravap®, a 1:4 mixture of dichlorvos and Rabon® [2-chloro-1- (2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) vinyl dimethyl phosphate)], Rabon, and malathion. All 3 insecticides reduced the number of adult flies of both species for at least 1 day but for less than 1 wk. No residual control was noted. No significant effects to the dung biota could be attributed to Ravap or malathion. Rabon significantly (P=0.01) diminished only numbers of Platystethus americanus Erichson, Falagria dissecta (Erichson), Aphodius fimetarius (L.), and Cercyon pygmaeus Illiger, and, to a lesser degree (P=0.05), a miscellaneous group of unidentified dipterous larvae and larval hydrophilids. Most of the dung fauna, however, were unaffected by the insecticides.

Reduction of Populations of Apple Maggots with Bait Sprays13

In a preliminary field experiment in 1967 there were indications that technical malathion in a corn protein hydrolysate bait spray reduced a population of Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) when it was applied twice with a hand sprayer to foliage in an apple orchard. During the period of adult activity in 1968 the bait spray was applied weekly to the trunk and scaffold limbs. The number of adult flies trapped in 1968 in the treated orchard was reduced 99.4% compared with the number trapped in the same orchard in 1967 when it was untreated. Larval infestation in the apple fruit was reduced 93% by the treatment.

Survey of flies (order: diptera) of Medical and Veterinary importance infesting livestock in Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria

An entomological survey of dipterous flies was conducted between January and March 2017 to investigate the distribution, relative abundance and monthly distribution of vectors flies of livestock in Maiduguri metropolis, Borno state. A total of 5192 flies were caught from four (4) different locations within Maiduguri using biconical trap and aerial sweeping hand net. Flies were collected and identified using standard taxonomy keys. Musca domestica was considered most prevalent 4346 (73.71%) while Hippobosca equina 4(0.08%) was the least. Others are Stomoxys calcitrans 6(0.12%), Tabanus sp. 5(0.10%) and Lucilia cuprina 831(16%). The number of female flies caught in the study campaign was higher 3086(59.44%) than that of male flies 2106(40.56%). The total number of non-haematophagous flies caught was much higher 5177(59.42%) than that of haematophagous flies 15(0.29%). Furthermore, of the four different sampling area; Livestock market has the higher number of catches 3432 (66.10%), Animal science poultry house 920(17.72%), Large animal clinic 462 (8.09%) and Gidan doki had the least catches 378(7.28%). In addition, the number of adult flies caught was higher 2922 (56.28%) than immature flies 2270 (43.72%). Results from the monthly distribution shows that January had the least 1473 (28.37%) followed by February 1664 (32.05%) and March 2047 (39.43%) had the highest number of catches. The veterinary and medical importance of the findings is discussed.

Feed Additives for Control of House Fly Larvae in Livestock Feces1

There was no reduction in the numbers of house flies (Musca domestica L.) completing development from egg to adult in feces from a steer fed up to 100 gm./day of Polybor 3, (containing 98% of disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (Na2B8O13-4H20)). When mixed directly with cattle manure, Polybor 3 was an effective larvicide; a possible explanation for relatively higher rates in a steer ration not controlling larvae in feces is discussed. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner spores containing 25 billion/gm. mixed directly with cattle feces at rates of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg./kg. and inoculated with 100 house fly eggs resulted in an average of 43, 41, 9, 5, and 0 adult house flies completing development, respectively. Feeding 20 gm. B. thuringiensis/day to a steer prevented development of house flies in manure, and 0.125 gm. B. thuringiensis/kg. ration greatly reduced the number of adult flies emerging from hen droppings. The presence of aureomycin did not decrease the effectiveness of this pathogen.