Numbers Game Research Articles

Playing number board games supports 5-year-old children’s early mathematical development

The study examined effects of playing number games (linear number board game, circular number board game, and nonlinear numerical activities) on the development of number knowledge and early arithmetic. A passive control group was also included in the design. 114 5-year-old preschool children participated. Four tasks (number line estimation, counting, naming Arabic numbers, and arithmetic calculation) were used as dependent measures. Children assigned to an intervention participated in six 10-min sessions during a period of three weeks. Children playing the linear number board game improved their performance on the number line estimation task, while children playing the other games did not. Furthermore, children playing the linear number board game showed a substantial enhancement of their calculation performance. The positive effects of playing linear number board games support the representational mapping hypothesis. The finding concerning calculation provides support to the assumption that a linear representation is important for early arithmetical learning.

Taken in by the Numbers Game: The Globalization of a Religious ‘Illusio’ and ‘Doxa’ in Nineteenth-Century Evangelical Missions to India

While the Bourdieusian concepts of capital and relational configurations of positions and position-takings have recently been fruitfully employed to theorize global fields, this paper argues that the concepts of illusio and doxa are especially conducive to analyzing the globalization of a field as an expansion into and transformation of formerly independent national arenas. In deploying the concept of illusio as a (quasi-libidinous) investment in the game, globalization is here first and foremost framed as a process in which more and more actors in various contexts ‘succumb’ to specific field logics that orient them to transnational structures. By emphasizing the concept of doxa as the taken-for-granted fundamentals of a field, the paper furthermore calls attention to the mechanisms that help forge and globalize the tacit presuppositions and shared ontologies on which such logics build. Focusing on a field of global Christian missions that emerged during the nineteenth century, the paper illustrates how its competitive logic of proselytization was introduced into the religious arena of India. It highlights how Western notions of religion gained ground among local traditions and pulled them into a game in which numerical relations of adherents mattered.

Mathematics and Liberature: Fajfer’s Ten Letters

Abstract The article discusses liberature in the context of its mathematical qualities. In this trend which inextricably connects the textual and physical layer of the work, each element in the book is expected to be created according to a certain formula which should bring a holistic piece of literature. After 1999, a great number of mathematically-oriented works have appeared which are strictly liberary. In the presentation, I base on the theoretical idea behind liberature when discussing Zenon Fajfer’s liberary work Ten Letters (Pol. Dwadzieścia jeden liter). This innovative piece is analysed mainly from the point of view of geometry and play with numbers, which is visible already in the title: the ten-letter phrase “ten letters.” Mathematical qualities are indicated on various layers of the piece: the physical, the textual, and the visual, but especially in its form. The game of numbers is found not only where it is obviously visible and essential to understand the message, but also in places which might not have been intended. Liberature is analysed as literature but at the same time, it is shown not to be literature, and in this respect, to be mathematical at the core.

The numbers game: quantitative analysis of Neorickettsia sp. propagation through complex life cycle of its digenean host using real-time qPCR.

Bacteria of the genus Neorickettsia are obligate intracellular endosymbionts of parasitic flukes (Digenea) and are passed through the entire complex life cycle of the parasite by vertical transmission. Several species of Neorickettsia are known to cause diseases in domestic animals, wildlife, and humans. Quantitative data on the transmission of the bacteria through the digenean life cycle is almost completely lacking. This study quantified for the first time the abundance of Neorickettsia within multiple stages of the life cycle of the digenean Plagiorchis elegans. Snails Lymnaea stagnalis collected from a pond in North Dakota were screened for the presence of digenean cercariae, which were subsequently tested for the presence of Neorickettsia. Three L. stagnalis were found shedding P. elegans cercariae infected with Neorickettsia. These snails were used to initiate three separate laboratory life cycles and obtain all life cycle stages for bacterial quantification. A quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting the GroEL gene was developed to enumerate Neorickettsia sp. within different stages of the digenean life cycle. The number of bacteria significantly increased throughout all stages, from eggs to adults. The two largest increases in number of bacteria occurred during the period from eggs to cercariae and from 6-day metacercariae to 48-h juvenile worms. These two periods seem to be the most important for Neorickettsia propagation through the complex digenean life cycle and maturation in the definitive host.

Simulation on change of generic satellite radar cross section via artificially created plasma sprays

Recent advancements in antisatellite missile technologies have proven the effectiveness of such attacks, and the vulnerability of satellites in such exercises inspires a new paradigm in RF Stealth techniques suitable for satellites. In this paper we examine the possibility of using artificially created plasma sprays on the surface of the satellite’s main body to alter its radar cross section (RCS). First, we briefly review past research related to RF Stealth using plasma. Next, we discuss the physics between electromagnetic waves and plasma, and the RCS number game in RF Stealth design. A comparison of RCS in a generic satellite and a more complicated model is made to illustrate the effect of the RCS number game, and its meaning for a simulation model. We also run a comparison between finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) and multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) codes, and find the RCS results are very close. We then compare the RCS of the generic satellite and the plasma-covered satellite. The incident radar wave is a differentiated Gaussian monopulse, with 3 dB bandwidth between 1.2 GHz and 4 GHz, and we simulate three kinds of plasma density, with a characteristic plasma frequency ωP = 0.1, 1, and 10 GHz. The electron-neutral collision frequency νen is set at 0.01 GHz. We found the RCS of plasma-covered satellite is not necessarily smaller than the originally satellite. When ωP is 0.1 GHz, the plasma spray behaves like a dielectric, and there is minor reduction in the RCS. When ωP is 1 GHz, the X–Y cut RCS increases. When ωP is 10 GHz, the plasma behaves more like a metal to the radar wave, and stronger RCS dependency to frequency appears. Therefore, to use plasma as an RCS adjustment tool requires careful fine-tuning of plasma density and shape, in order to achieve the so-called plasma stealth effect.

A Large Dataset of Generalization Patterns in the Number Game

We present a dataset with 272,700 two-alternative forced choice responses in a simple numerical task modeled after Tenenbaum’s “number game” experiment [6]. Subjects were shown a set (e.g. {16, 12}) and asked what other numbers were likely to belong to that set (e.g. 1, 5, 2, 98). Their generalization patterns reflect both rule-like (e.g. ‘even numbers,’ ‘powers of two’) and distance-based (e.g. ‘numbers near 50’) generalization. This dataset is available for further analysis of these simple and intuitive inferences, developing of hands-on modeling instruction, and attempts to understand how probability and rules interact in human cognition.

Taken in by the numbers game: the globalization of a religious ‘illusio’ and ‘doxa’ in nineteenth-century evangelical missions to India

While the Bourdieusian concepts of capital and relational configurations of positions and position-takings have recently been fruitfully employed to theorize global fields, this paper argues that t...

Playing the Numbers Game

AbstractNonprofit organizations are often evaluated using the program ratio: the proportion of mission‐related program expenses to total expenses. Nonprofit managers have incentives to manipulate the reporting of financial information to enhance the program ratio. This article reviews the scholarly literature on program ratio management in nonprofit organizations. Prior research has identified several motivations for and methods of program ratio management and provided limited evidence that it occurs. Researchers have explored the consequences of program ratio management and provided a list of factors mitigating such behaviors. The emerging consensus is that the program ratio is of limited usefulness in evaluating nonprofit performance.

A gender perspective on gambling clusters in Sweden using longitudinal data

Aims This study describes five groups of gamblers and changes in their gambling involvement and gambling problems over four years with a particular focus on whether gambling problems among men and women develop differently within the five groups. Design The study sample is a subset of participants from the Swedish Longitudinal Gambling Study (Swelogs). Six different clusters of past-year gambling, based on frequency of participation in the nine most common forms of gambling in Sweden (lotteries, horses, number games, sports games, bingo, poker, slot machines, casino games or TV contests) were identified in Two-Way Cluster Analysis after the first wave of data collection in 2008/09. There were 2,508 individuals identified in EP1 (n=5,012) who then also participated in waves EP2 and EP3 and were selected for the present analysis. Methods Statistical analysis was done in SPSS 22.0 using Pearson's Chi-Square test of Independence (or Fisher's Exact test when the requirements or expected frequency were not met for Pearson's Test), Mann-Whitney U-test and logistic regression. P-values below 0.05 were regarded as significant. Results Gambling remains gendered in Sweden. Even though the clusters are based on gambling activities, there are differences between men and women within the clusters as regards the gambling participation patterns. Conclusions Men and women gamble differently, but they may still be equals in their total experience of gambling and in relation to how their gambling problems develop. All differences need to be taken into consideration when preventive actions or messages are created.

Beyond the Numbers Game: Diversity in Theory and Practice

This text is the edited transcript of a roundtable discussion that took place at the CAA Annual Conference in Los Angeles in 2012 and continued afterward with the panelists and myself. The session ...

The numbers games.

In 1979 Allan M. Cormack and Godfrey N. Hounsfield were awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine “for the development of computer assisted tomography”. By this time, Hounsfield had published eight papers inmedical journals, his seminal works in the British Journal of Radiology. The second and, thus far, last Nobel Prize awarded for medical imaging went to Paul C. Lauterbur and Peter Mansfield, belatedly, in 2003 “for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging”. Fourteen of Mansfield’s works, including his most important, had also appeared in the British Journal of Radiology. (He published twice in Pediatric Radiology [1, 2]). This year medical journals are expected to publish almost six times the number of radiologyrelated articles compared with the Nobel year 1979 and about twice as many as in 2003 (Fig. 1). At least part of this publishing explosionmust be explained by increased scientific activity. Witnessing such an unprecedented increase in productivity begs two questions: Where is the big discovery that will launch the next transformation of medical imaging? Or is there perhaps no direct link between article output and scientific impact? In the domain of journal publishing, the Impact Factor has been around for decades. Everyone agrees “it is just another number” and “we would never obey its dictate”. But try securing a research grant if you have not appeared in highimpact journals. Or try to publish something unconventional, controversial or counter-current (innovative?) in the most prestigious journals. Our money would be on rather disappointing outcomes. This is speculation and a virtual kicking of our own backsides, but it is at least an interesting paradox that the most important works on which two Nobel Prizes were founded were published in the fringes of the medical literature (the British Journal of Radiology, host to the laureates, had a 1992 impact factor of less than 0.7). Journal editors claim not to be blinded by numerics, but which editor is happy to see her journal slide down the ranking? A self-perpetuating relationship emerges: Authors need to publish high volumes and in high-ranking journals; journals favour works that are guaranteed citations. The mechanics of the phenomenon are fairly straight-forward: It is much easier to rank by numbers than by any qualitative dimension. The unfortunate consequence may be a profession that self-restricts its research to topics that are conventional, non-controversial and therefore guaranteed publication. In 2014 Pediatric Radiology received 850 new article submissions, about one-fifth the total number of radiology articles published in all medical journals in 1979. The drive to publish is clearly increasing, and there must be several underlying forces. One obviously is technology: It is easier than ever to collect clinical and imaging data, transform these into a manuscript and submit-to-journal by the tap of an index finger. That this is phenomenal can be boded for by anyone who published in science before the internet era, in times when a whole support apparatus had to be enrolled to clear all the required hurdles. Now, everyone can publish. With the internet came an astonishing democratisation of medical publishing (ease of article submission, and also the birth of the onlineonly journal), which is fundamentally sound. A second driving force takes the shape of employer and research-funding organisations, and in particular their strategies for selecting whom to employ, support and award. One way is by counting and weighting (by journal-ranking) publications; both fair and objective. With modern metrics it is no longer a question of * Oystein E. Olsen oeolsen.pedrad@me.com

Urbanormativity, Spatial Privilege, and Judicial Blind Spots in Abortion Law

Urbanormativity, Spatial Privilege, and Judicial Blind Spots in Abortion Law

The ‘troubled families’ numbers game

The ‘troubled families’ numbers game

Competitive dynamics between criminals and law enforcement explains the super-linear scaling of crime in cities

AbstractWhile cities have been the engine for innovation and growth for many millennia, they have also endured disproportionately more crime than smaller cities. Similarly to other urban sociological quantities, such as income, gross domestic product (GDP) and number of granted patents, it has been observed that crime scales super-linearly with city size. The default assumption is that super-linear scaling of crime, like other urban attributes, derives from agglomerative effects (that is, increasing returns from potentially more productive connections among criminals). However, crime initiation appears to be generated linearly with the population of a city, and the number of law enforcement officials scales sublinearly with city population. We hypothesize that the observed scaling exponent for net crime in a city is the result of competing dynamics between criminals and law enforcement, each with different scaling exponents, and where criminals win in the numbers game. We propose a simple dynamical model able to accommodate these empirical observations, as well as the potential multiple scaling regimes emerging from the competitive dynamics between crime and law enforcement. Our model is also general enough to be able to correctly account for crime in universities, where university crime does not scale super-linearly, but linearly with enrolment size.

Lab budgets: A numbers game.

With careful planning, new faculty hires can stretch their start-up funds to launch successful research programmes.

Numbers game

Chemistry & IndustryVolume 79, Issue 8 p. 32-35 Feature (Numbers game) Numbers game First published: 10 August 2015 https://doi.org/10.1002/cind.798_12.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume79, Issue8August 2015Pages 32-35 RelatedInformation

China's shifting patent landscape and State-led patenting strategy

The extent to which China is an innovative economy is the topic of ongoing contention in scholarly and practitioner circles. The intellectual property component of China’s technological catch-up strategy has been geared towards first focusing on quantity of outputs and then eventually shifting towards ensuring the quality of outputs. Disconcertingly, in recent years this strategy has created negative impacts on patent quality and thus somewhat may have hampered innovation in China.New Chinese intellectual property policies, and the 2014 phenomena of decreasing annual growth rates of domestic invention patent filings and unprecedented negative growth rates of domestic utility model and design filings, shed new light on this debate. They suggest that recent shifts away from the government strategy of stimulating mere numbers of any type of patent application may be having a tangible impact. Even though science & technology development in China will inevitably continue to be a numbers game of sorts, these recent trends may reflect a step towards a healthier Chinese innovation trajectory. Scholars, policymakers, and businesses should consider these shifting dynamics in their intellectual property and innovation forecasting, strategizing, and planning.

Cha-ching

Throughout health care—and business in general—life these days is a numbers game: revenue produced, units moved, doing more with less. It’s no different in pharmacy.Luckily for our profession, the numbers game is one we can win. As explained in this month’s Innovations article (pages 50–53), clinical pharmacists in a patient-centered medical home at Hawaii’s Tripler Army Medical Center are setting the stage for expansion throughout the Army medical treatment facilities. With a return on investment (ROI) of 3.6:1, administrators and managers will take that deal every time.What if the ROI ratios are lower when assessed in different ways? From efforts in a large Medicaid managed care plan in Ohio comes an ROI of 1.35:1 in drug cost savings and 4.40:1 overall. Again, good numbers that prove pharmacists’ worth.Even a return of a few cents on the dollar makes sense in today’s world. An article in this month’s Medical Care talks about the emergence in health care of evidence-based managers; for them, the data on the advantages of deploying pharmacists in the right time and place will be compelling.Analyses such as those presented in this month’s Innovations article demonstrate the value derived from the combination of pharmacists’ expertise in both dispensing and clinical arenas. We understand this. Not everyone does. That’s where the numbers come in—and why it’s important that data be mined and reported at places such as Tripler, in Ohio, and at the South Carolina primary care clinic.As Cardinal Health’s Brad Tice says in the article, “We’re moving towards a system where pharmacists are able to quantify and be recognized for [their] value, and compensated for that value.” Tice, also an APhA Trustee, has been a prominent voice in advocating for pharmacists’ increased focus on demonstrating the value we bring to the health care equation.Given appropriate metrics and the opportunity to intervene effectively, pharmacists have proven time after time that their efforts produce positive ROI. Look at your system, your efforts, and the efforts you could take in an opportune time and place. Become a voice for ROI in your situation, your health system, your community. Share your experience and results in publications and at professional meetings; others need your data so they can be referenced in proposing changes in their own systems.Enjoy your June Today! Throughout health care—and business in general—life these days is a numbers game: revenue produced, units moved, doing more with less. It’s no different in pharmacy. Luckily for our profession, the numbers game is one we can win. As explained in this month’s Innovations article (pages 50–53), clinical pharmacists in a patient-centered medical home at Hawaii’s Tripler Army Medical Center are setting the stage for expansion throughout the Army medical treatment facilities. With a return on investment (ROI) of 3.6:1, administrators and managers will take that deal every time. What if the ROI ratios are lower when assessed in different ways? From efforts in a large Medicaid managed care plan in Ohio comes an ROI of 1.35:1 in drug cost savings and 4.40:1 overall. Again, good numbers that prove pharmacists’ worth. Even a return of a few cents on the dollar makes sense in today’s world. An article in this month’s Medical Care talks about the emergence in health care of evidence-based managers; for them, the data on the advantages of deploying pharmacists in the right time and place will be compelling. Analyses such as those presented in this month’s Innovations article demonstrate the value derived from the combination of pharmacists’ expertise in both dispensing and clinical arenas. We understand this. Not everyone does. That’s where the numbers come in—and why it’s important that data be mined and reported at places such as Tripler, in Ohio, and at the South Carolina primary care clinic. As Cardinal Health’s Brad Tice says in the article, “We’re moving towards a system where pharmacists are able to quantify and be recognized for [their] value, and compensated for that value.” Tice, also an APhA Trustee, has been a prominent voice in advocating for pharmacists’ increased focus on demonstrating the value we bring to the health care equation. Given appropriate metrics and the opportunity to intervene effectively, pharmacists have proven time after time that their efforts produce positive ROI. Look at your system, your efforts, and the efforts you could take in an opportune time and place. Become a voice for ROI in your situation, your health system, your community. Share your experience and results in publications and at professional meetings; others need your data so they can be referenced in proposing changes in their own systems. Enjoy your June Today!

It's a numbers game

Help children to develop mathematical proficiency and many other skills through exciting indoor and outdoor activities, such as making dinosaur bones and building pens for farm animals.

Collapse: A Fibonacci and Sturmian Game

We explore the properties of Collapse, a number game closely related to Fibonacci words. In doing so, we fully classify the set of periods (minimal or not) of finite Fibonacci words via careful examination of the Exceptional (sometimes called singular) finite Fibonacci words.