Dark Matter Number Density Research Articles

A scenario of heavy but visible baryonic dark matter

We consider a model in which dark matter is a composite baryon of a dark sector governed by $SU(3)$ gauge theory, with vector-like quarks also charged under $U(1)_Y$. The model provides simple answer to the dark matter stability problem: it is a result of the accidental dark baryon number conservation. And with an analogy to QCD, all physical quantities of the dark matter can be calculated by rescaling the QCD experimental results. According to the thermal freeze-out mechanism the mass of the dark matter is predicted to be $\mathcal{O}(100)$~TeV in order to achieve a correct relic abundance. Such heavy dark matter is in general hard for detection due to small dark matter number density in the universe. However, dark baryon number in our model is not necessarily strictly preserved thanks to operators suppressed by the Planck scale, and such decay operator results in a decay lifetime marginal to the current detection bound. We show our model with $\mathcal{O}(10^{27})~s$ dark matter decay life time can explain the AMS-02 anti-proton data, if it is experimentally interpreted as an access, although some theoretical uncertainty may weaken its significance. We also investigate other phenomena of this model such as the extragalactic gamma ray and neutrino signatures.

CONSTRAINT ON LIGHT DIPOLE DARK MATTER FROM HELIOSEISMOLOGY

We investigate the effects of a magnetic dipole moment of asymmetric dark matter (DM) in the evolution of the Sun. The dipole interaction can lead to a sizable DM scattering cross section even for light DM, and the asymmetric dark matter can lead to a large DM number density in the Sun. We find that solar model precision tests, using as diagnostic the sound speed profile obtained from helioseismology data, exclude dipolar dark matter particles with a mass larger than 4.3 GeV and magnetic dipole moment larger than 1.6 $\times \;10^{-17}$ e cm.

Affleck-Dine dynamics and the dark sector of pangenesis

Pangenesis is the mechanism for jointly producing the visible and dark matter asymmetries via Affleck-Dine dynamics in a baryon-symmetric universe. The baryon-symmetric feature means that the dark asymmetry cancels the visible baryon asymmetry and thus enforces a tight relationship between the visible and dark matter number densities. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the general dynamics of this scenario in more detail and to construct specific models. After reviewing the simple symmetry structure that underpins all baryon-symmetric models, we turn to a detailed analysis of the required Affleck-Dine dynamics. Both gravity-mediated and gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking are considered, with the messenger scale left arbitrary in the latter, and the viable regions of parameter space are determined. In the gauge-mediated case where gravitinos are light and stable, the regime where they constitute a small fraction of the dark matter density is identified. We discuss the formation of Q-balls, and delineate various regimes in the parameter space of the Affleck-Dine potential with respect to their stability or lifetime and their decay modes. We outline the regions in which Q-ball formation and decay is consistent with successful pangenesis.Examples of viable dark sectors are presented, and constraints are derived from big bang nucleosynthesis, large scale structure formation and the Bullet cluster. Collider signatures and implications for direct dark matter detection experiments are briefly discussed. The following would constitute evidence for pangenesis: supersymmetry, GeV-scale dark matter mass(es) and a Z′ boson with a significant invisible width into the dark sector.

Xogenesis

We present a new paradigm for dark matter in which a dark matter asymmetry is established in the early universe that is then transferred to ordinary matter. We show this scenario can fit naturally into weak scale physics models, with a dark matter candidate mass of this order. We present several natural suppression mechanisms, including bleeding dark matter number density into lepton number, which occurs naturally in models with lepton-violating operators transferring the asymmetry.

Cosmic Neutrino Bound on the Dark Matter Annihilation Rate in the Late Universe

How large can the dark matter self-annihilation rate in the late universe be? This rate depends on (ρDM/mχ)2⟨σAv⟩, where ρDM/mχ is the number density of dark matter, and the annihilation cross section is averaged over the velocity distribution. Since the clustering of dark matter is known, this amounts to asking how large the annihilation cross section can be. Kaplinghat, Knox, and Turner proposed that a very large annihilation cross section could turn a halo cusp into a core, improving agreement between simulations and observations; Hui showed that unitarity prohibits this for large dark matter masses. We show that if the annihilation products are Standard Model particles, even just neutrinos, the consequent fluxes are ruled out by orders of magnitude, even at small masses. Equivalently, to invoke such large annihilation cross sections, one must now require that essentially no Standard Model particles are produced.