Droplets nucleation renewable rate and liquid film thickness are the critical factors influencing condensation heat transfer performances. In this paper, four microcolumn array structures were designed based on the premise by increasing droplets removal rate and avoiding the flooding problem. The sectioned cylindrical microcolumn array and the surface wettability gradients were coupled to enhance condensation. The liquid-vapor interface evolution of the droplets, heat flux, and condensation heat transfer coefficient were numerically investigated and compared. Additionally, the subcooling effect was studied for the sectioned cylindrical microcolumn arrays with two-stage wettability gradients. The sectioned top demonstrated fixed droplets sliding direction and the area-average heat flux on the sectioned cylindrical microcolumn array could reach a maximum of 1228.44 kW·m−2, which was 54.6% greater than the cylindrical microcolumn array. The effectiveness of the proposed structures in removing droplets and rapidly draining water was validated. The sectioned cylindrical microcolumn array with two-stage wettability gradients demonstrated the best performances, with the area-average heat flux improved by 70.6%, 10.3%, and 6.9% compared to the other three structures. As the surface subcooling increased, the condensation enhancement of the sectioned cylindrical microcolumn array with two-stage wettability gradients became more obvious.