Nucleated Red Cells Research Articles

Haemoglobin Bart's hydrops foetalis in Thailand.

SummaryHaemoglobin Bart's hydrops foetalis is prevalent in Thailand. A total of fifteen such cases were investigated. The parents were mostly Thais and Chinese. The gestation periods varied between 7 and 10 months. Thirteen were dead in utero and the other two died within 15 min. of delivery. Ten were female and five were male. All were anaemic and oedematous with enlarged and friable placentae, and had massive hepatomegaly. The average values of haematological findings are: haemoglobin concentration, 6.77 g. %; red‐cell count, 2.93 millions/mm.3; packed red‐cell volume, 40.5%; mean corpuscular volume, 140.6 micra3; mean corpuscular haemoglobin, 24.8μμg.; mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, 18%. Blood smears showed hypochromia, microcytosis, macrocytosis, target cells, anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, and numerous nucleated red cells. Intraerythrocytic inclusion bodies were found in a few red cells in most cases. Sickling was positive in five out of eight cases. In every case haemoglobin Bart's comprised almost all of the haemoglobin, only trace amounts of haemoglobins A+F being present. A small amount of haemoglobin H was detectable by starch gel in three cases. Average alkali‐resistant haemoglobin was 42.3%.

The placenta in cases of hemolytic disease of the newborn

The changes in the placenta associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn were studied. Twenty-seven placentas from rhesus-isoimmunized mothers and one from a mother with anti-Le were collected and examined histologically and by the large section technique of Gough and Wentworth. The more severely the baby was affected the larger the placenta in relation to the baby. In the severe cases, the placentas were extremely pale and more friable than normal. The diagnostic histologic features in the placenta were a marked decrease in the number of fetal vessels and an increase in the number of nucleated red cells in these vessels. Langhans’ layer persisted in all cases but in itself was not considered a specific change. A direct effect of the rhesus antibody-antigen reaction was postulated as the possible cause of these changes.

Mixing technique for the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium and Bohr effect

Mixing technique for the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium and Bohr effect

Leukoerythroblastosis in the Adult

12 is the presence of immature cells of the myeloid series and nucleated red cells in the circulating blood, with or without anemia. The purpose of this paper is to present a large series of adults with this finding, and in particular to analyze the frequency of various causes in order to determine the value of the abnormality as a diagnostic clue. This study was prompted by a series of recently reported cases which did not confirm the commonly held opinion that leukoerythroblastosis is most frequently seen in the adult with involvement of the marrow by a malignant neoplasm. 8

Hematologic and Biochemical Indices in the East African Baboon

Abstract Hematologic values for peripheral blood and marrow, serum proteins, B12 and folic acid levels are given for recently caught and captive baboons (P. anubis and P.sinocephalus) in Nairobi. The hemaglobin levels were higher in captive than in wild animals. There was no change in the serum proteins unless the animals were on a riboflavindeficient diet. Marrow activity as estimated by counting red cell precursors as a percentage of the total nucleated red cell population agreed with that of red cell uptake of Fe59 ferric chloride. Hemosiderin was present in the marrow in all the animals. Protein turnover studies using I131-labeled albumin with ion exchange resins indicated that the protein catabolic rate and turnover was high. This may have been due to the selective destruction of the human albumin in the baboon.

Erythropoiesis in Transfusion-Induced Polycythemic Rats Studied with H3-Thymidine Autoradiography.

Erythropoiesis was studied with tritiated thymidine-autoradiography in young female rats made polycythemic by hyper-transfusion. Total numbers of marrow nucleated erythroid cells were markedly decreased by the third day post-transfusion, whereas absolute numbers of tritiated thymidine-incorporating nucleated red cells were depressed by day one. When labeling indices and grain count distributions were compared between erythroid marrows of polycythemic and control rats no differences were found. From this it was concluded that the suppression of erythropoiesis occurring in transfusion-induced polycythemic rats results from decreased differentiation of stem cells into erythroblasts and not from decreased proliferation of preexisting erythroid cells.

Sideroblastic Anaemia: Is This a Malignancy?

In participating in this discussion on ‘Sideroblastic Anaemia’, more particularly regarding its possible consideration as a malignancy, I must first point out that this term is but one amongst many. Thus, it is probable that the ‘primary refractory anaemia’ of Bomford and Rhoads (1941), the ‘refractory anaemia with hyperplastic marrow’ of Vilter, Jarrold, Will, Mueller, Friedman and Hawkins (1960), the ‘refractory sex‐linked hypochromic anaemia with high serum iron’ of Rundles and Falls (1946), the ‘chronic refractory anaemia with sideroblastic bone marrow’ of Björkman (1956) and the various disorders described by Heilmeyer, Keiderling, Bilger and Bernauer (1958) including ‘anaemia refractoria sidero‐blastica’, ‘anaemia refractoria sideroblastica hereditaria’ and ‘anaemia sideroachrestica’ are probably identical with what is being called sideroblastic anaemia here. What is more, there is relatively little to distinguish sideroblastic anaemia from what Dacie, Smith, White and Mollin (1959) have called ‘refractory normoblastic anaemia’. In America, the tendency has often been to dismiss all these terms and simply to use the quite vague one of ‘iron‐loading anaemia’, meaning a form of chronic hypochromic anaemia with high serum iron and large amounts of iron in the bone marrow. In our own nomenclature—and it appears that every worker in this field has his own term—we are inclined to group the ‘idiopathic’ non‐hereditary entities under the rubric of the Di Guglielmo syndrome. It should be noted that the term ‘sideroblastic anaemia’sensu stricto, indicates only the presence of sideroblasts in the bone marrow. However, nucleated red cells containing iron granules, at least in small number, are normal for the marrow and are increased under many circumstances, including most forms of haemolytic anaemia. To be sure, sideroblastic anaemia is used with the implication that the concentration of sideroblasts in the bone marrow is increased; thus ‘hypersideroblastic anaemia’ might be a better term. Some workers restrict the use of the term ‘sideroblastic anaemia’ to those cases of anaemia with high serum iron, a hyperplastic bone marrow with erythroblastic preponderance, and increased numbers of ‘ring form’ sideroblasts. In these cells, the iron granules are more or less concentrically situated about the nucleus. Whether the attempt to identify this disorder on the basis of a single morphological feature is a wise one is to be questioned.

Mitotic Indices of Human Bone Marrow Cells. III. Duration of Some Phases of Erythrocytic and Granulocytic Proliferation Computed from Mitotic Indices

Abstract 1. Weighted average mitotic time of human bone marrow cells is estimated. Mitotic time is about 0.75 hours in red cell precursors and about 0.58 hours in neutrophil precursors. 2. Estimated weighted average DNA-synthesis time is about 9 hours in red cell precursors and about 24 hours in neutrophil precursors. 3. Upper and lower limits for compartment transit times of proerythroblasts, basophilic normoblasts, polychromatic normoblasts, myeloblasts, promyelocytes and myelocytes are presented (table 2). 4. Total mass of nucleated red cell precursors is estimated at 3.5 x 109/kg. and total mass of neutrophils and their precursors in the marrow at 8.8 x 109/kg.

Hematologic Studies on Erythropoietic Porphyria: A New Case with Severe Hemolysis, Chronic Thrombocytopenia, and Folic Acid Deficiency

Abstract An unusual case of erythropoietic porphyria with a severe hemolytic component and thrombocytopenia has been presented. The relationship between the porphyria and the thrombocytopenia, although unclear, showed definite evidence of persistent megakaryocytic hypoplasia. Additional information emphasizing the severity and chronicity of the anemic process included elevated F and A2 hemoglobins, hyperferremia and extramedullary hematopoiesis. The nature of the hemolytic process appeared to be intracorpuscular and not correctible by normal plasma, glucose or ATP. The abnormal in vitro hemolysis, coupled with the appearance of the abnormal nucleated and mature red cells, are suggestive of the defect in heme synthesis seen in some of the hypochromic hypersideremic anemias. A description of therapeutic attempts as well as the appearance of a folate deficiency are included in the report.

REVERSIBLE ERYTHROID APLASIA INDUCED BY DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN.

Acquired erythroid aplasia is an uncommon syndrome characterized by findings of anemia, absence of nucleated red cells in the marrow, absence of reticulocytes in the peripheral blood, and normal peripheral platelet and leukocyte counts. Its cause is usually obscure,1 and drugs have rarely been implicated. We are reporting a patient who developed erythroid aplasia while taking diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin). He promptly recovered when the diphenylhydantoin was withdrawn. Erythroid aplasia was then reproduced on two occasions by the readministration of diphenylhydantoin. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 17-year-old Negro male was admitted to St. Louis City Hospital on Sept 13, 1962, because of severe anemia. He had been considered to be in his usual state of health until three to four weeks before admission when the onset of increasing lethargy, weakness, and pallor had been noted. The patient was known to have had convulsions since his first year of life, to be mentally

Morphological Changes and Iron Uptake in Human Normoblasts in Vitro: II. Maturation of Nucleated Red Cells During Incubation of Normal Bone Marrow

Morphological Changes and Iron Uptake in Human Normoblasts in Vitro: II. Maturation of Nucleated Red Cells During Incubation of Normal Bone Marrow

STUDIES ON MEGALOBLASTS IN VITRO. II. MATURATION OF NUCLEATED RED CELLS IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA BEFORE AND DURING TREATMENT WITH VITAMIN B 12.

STUDIES ON MEGALOBLASTS IN VITRO. II. MATURATION OF NUCLEATED RED CELLS IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA BEFORE AND DURING TREATMENT WITH VITAMIN B 12.

Studies on Megaloblasts in Vitro II. maturation of Nucleated Red Cells in Pernicious Anemia Before and During Treatment with Vitamin B12

Studies on Megaloblasts in Vitro II. maturation of Nucleated Red Cells in Pernicious Anemia Before and During Treatment with Vitamin B12

Studies on Megaloblasts in vitro I. Proliferation and Destruction of Nucleated Red Cells in Pernicious Anemia Before and During Treatment with Vitamin B12

Studies on Megaloblasts in vitro I. Proliferation and Destruction of Nucleated Red Cells in Pernicious Anemia Before and During Treatment with Vitamin B12

STUDIES ON MEGALOBLASTS IN VITRO. I. PROLIFERATION AND DESTRUCTION OF NUCLEATED RED CELLS IN PERNICIOUS ANEMIA BEFORE AND DURING TREATMENT WITH VITAMIN B 12.

(1964). Studies on Megaloblasts in vitro I. Proliferation and Destruction of Nucleated Red Cells in Pernicious Anemia Before and During Treatment with Vitamin B12. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 307-319.

Morphological Changes and Iron Uptake in Human Normoblasts in Vitro: II. Maturation of Nucleated Red Cells During Incubation of Normal Bone Marrow

Morphological Changes and Iron Uptake in Human Normoblasts in Vitro: II. Maturation of Nucleated Red Cells During Incubation of Normal Bone Marrow

CASE RECORDS OF THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. CASE 65-1963.

Presentation of Case First admission. A sixty-two-year-old woman entered the hospital because of abdominal pain.Eighteen years previously she was admitted to another hospital because of fatigue, headaches and pain in the arms, legs and lower dorsal spine. On physical examination the spleen was palpable 1 fingerbreadth below the left costal margin, and there was an appendectomy scar; the liver was not enlarged. Examination of the blood revealed anemia, with nucleated red cells and immature white cells in the peripheral blood. X-ray films of the lumbar spine and pelvis were normal. A biopsy of the sternal bone marrow showed . . .

The Effect of Plasma from Schizophrenic Patients on the Chicken Erythrocyte System

Frohmanet al.(1960a, 1960b, 1961, 1962) have investigated the effect of plasma of schizophrenic patients on carbohydrate metabolism. They measured the production of lactate and pyruvate by the nucleated red cells of the chicken after incubation with patients' plasma. After incubation with plasma from schizophrenic patients, the lactate/pyruvate ratio was raised significantly above the ratio found after incubation with plasma from normal subjects. This observation was interpreted as evidence of an inhibition of aerobic metabolism induced by the plasma of schizophrenic patients. We report here an attempt to confirm these findings.

Hematological changes in long-term perfusion.

Hematological changes were measured in 14 dogs during partial heart-lung bypass procedures of 10 hr duration with an extracorporeal flow approximating 40% of the cardiac output. The changes occurring during the 1st hr of perfusion were identical to those previously reported for short periods of total heart-lung bypass, namely, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. Later on, however, compensatory mechanisms were manifested by the appearance of a leukocytosis with a shift to the left, a leveling off of thrombocyte counts, and the appearance of nucleated red cells in the peripheral blood. Bone marrow studies revealed stimulation of myeloid tissues. These compensatory responses observed during perfusion were similar to changes which have been described as typical of the postperfusion period after shorter durations of extracorporeal circulation. The trauma inflicted on erythrocytes during extracorporeal blood handling became evident after perfusion as a marked anemia and an increased mechanical fragility of the red cells. Submitted on September 22, 1961

Factors controlling hemopoiesis: erythropoietic effects of "anemic" plasma.

Abstract Normal rats given multiple intraperitoneal injections of the filtrate of phenylhydrazine-induced anemic rabbit plasma that had been boiled for one minute manifested a parallel increase in all peripheral erythroid values together with myeloid erythrocytic hyperplasia. The newly formed erythrocytes were normal in size. After boiling for 30 minutes, filtrates of the same anemic plasma induced erythrocytosis because of the production of microcytes, reticulocytosis, and increased marrow nucleated red cell counts without augmentation of the recipients' hemoglobin or hematocrit levels. Anemic plasma that had been processed by prolonged boiling evoked identical responses by parenteral and oral routes. When given by gastric tube, the anemic plasma that had been boiled for one minute did not enhance the recipients' circulating hemoglobin levels. Instead, these animals developed an erythromicrocytic response similar to that attributed to the thermostable plasma fraction. These data provide further support for the existence of two humoral erythropoietic factors. It is suggested that a relatively thermolabile factor, which is inactive orally, governs hemoglobin production by affecting the rate of erythrocytic differentiation from the primitive pluripotential marrow cells. The thermostable factor, which is active orally, apparently determines the number of mitoses which erythrocytic precursors undergo during maturation. Together, these two agents appear to regulate the size and hemoglobin content of each cell in addition to the amount of hemoglobin and number of erythrocytes formed.