Nuclear Family Research Articles

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A comparative study of clinico-socio-demographic characteristics among two diverse Indian population

Objectives. The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing not only in India but also globally. The aim of this observational study was to determine the clinico-pathological findings of NAFLD patients in two different geographic populations in India. Material and methods. This hospital-based cross-sectional study involved 140 consecutive patients with NAFLD from four centers, primarily diagnosed by ultrasound in Uttar Pradesh (Varanasi) and Odisha (Khordha). Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from each patient of both the states and were compared. Outcomes. The study findings revealed that most of NAFLD patients were males (71.4%), aged around 39.6±10.86 years, with BMI indicating overweight (27.68 ± 4.25 Kg/m2). Patients from Uttar Pradesh (UP) had non-significantly higher rates of elevated transaminase levels [SGOT/SGPT- 40.2 (41.53)/47.35(60.93) IU/L], compared to those from Odisha [SGOT/SGPT-26(23.15)/29(45.40) IU/L]. Too cases of Odisha had non-significantly higher mean triglyceride levels compared to patients of UP. There was a significant difference in family type in-between the 2 regions (p=0.000), with Odisha having more number of nuclear families compared to UP. Cases from Odisha had non-significantly higher per capita monthly income (41.891 ± 43.23 INR) compared to UP (34.276 ± 27.66 INR). Statistically significant dietary preferences, were noticed in-between the 2 states with majority from Odisha favoring non-vegetarian diets (90.6%) compared to Uttar Pradesh (75.06%). Conclusions. Patients from Odisha had higher per capita monthly income, history of higher non-vegetarian diet consumption, higher hypertriglyceridemia and lesser transaminases compared to cases from Uttar Pradesh.

Exploring the Association between Sexual Orientation Beliefs and Ambivalent Sexism in Young Adults

This paper investigated the association between sexual orientation beliefs and ambivalent sexism in young adults. It was hypothesized that sexual orientation beliefs would correlate with and predicate ambivalent sexism, while there would be significant sociodemographic differences across the study variables. Selecting a cross-sectional (correlation) approach, a non-probability convenient sample of 221 young adults (Mage = 24.84, SDage = 5.82) was recruited. After filling out a detailed sociodemographic information sheet, the participants responded to original (English) versions of the Sexual Orientation Beliefs Scale (Arseneau et al., 2013) and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (Glick & Fiske, 1996). The analysis revealed that all sub-scales of the Sexual Orientation Beliefs Scale (discreetness, naturalness, informativeness and homogeneity) had positive correlations with hostile sexism and benevolent sexism. Moreover, discreetness, informativeness, and homogeneity beliefs predicted hostile sexism, while only the homogeneity belief predicted benevolent sexism. The socio-demographic variables of age and education emerged as significant correlates. Muslims held stronger ambivalent sexism than non-Muslims but no difference was found in sexual orientation beliefs. Hostile sexism was higher in men and those from a nuclear family system. Benevolent sexism was higher in unemployed and non-heterosexual individuals. Lastly, the discreetness belief was stronger in men and heterosexuals. This study would be a valuable addition to the academic scholarship as it provided insights into the indigenous patterns of sexual orientation beliefs and their relationship with specific forms of sexism.

Doubly strongly first-order dependencies

Abstract Team Semantics is a generalization of Tarskian Semantics in which formulas are satisfied with respect to sets of assignments, called teams. In this semantics, it is possible to add new atoms and connectives expressing dependencies between possible values of variables. Some of the resulting logics are more expressive than first-order logic while others are not. I study the (relativizable) atoms and families of atoms that do not increase the expressive power of first-order logic when they and their complements are added to it, separately or jointly, calling them doubly strongly first-order dependencies and finding a characterization for them.

Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among adult out-patients living with HIV/AIDS in a tertiary care center, North-Central Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPsychiatric disorders had been reported with higher prevalence among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), [PLWHA] than the general population and its presence could confer poorer prognosis on infected individuals. However, there is limited research on the above subject matter in the North-Central part of Nigeria. Thus, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of common psychiatric disorders (CPD) among adult out-patients PLWHA at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, North-Central Nigeria.MethodsIt was a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted among 363 respondents attending the UITH Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) clinic between March and May 2019. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect data. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) was used to assess the prevalence of CPD among respondents. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 and p value of < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of depression was 24.5%, anxiety disorder (AD) was 16.8% and alcohol use disorder (AUD) was 0.6%. Respondents from the extended family type were more depressed 70.4% and about half 43.3% of the nuclear family had AD while a 1.6% prevalence of AUD was found among the nuclear family. The association was statistically significant with a p value of 0.001.ConclusionCPD exist among PLWHA with increasing prevalence therefore screening for these disorders should be encouraged during routine management of PLWHA to improve their psychological well-being.

Abstract C078: Optimizing exposure science to understand disparities: the Bayview Hunters Point residential history study

Abstract Background: Understanding environmental impacts on local cancer burden requires accurate documentation of residential histories. Collection of residential history data is challenging because individuals may have difficulty recalling addresses over decades, or the detailed dates living at each location. In addition, some communities may have different concepts of where they live versus their home address. Recently, Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data was linked to LexisNexis longitudinal residential history database, which could address some of these challenges. As part of a larger effort to understand the impact of environmental exposures in Bayview Hunters Point (BVHP), we compared the oral residential histories against commercially available data found in LN. We hypothesized that for communities with limited financial mobility, who live in multi-generational households or have diverse definitions of “home,” commercially available data sets may fail to capture accurate residential histories and has implications for studying environmental exposures and cancer. Methods: After institutional IRB approval, community advocates helped identify long term (&amp;gt;20 years) BVHP residents. Group interviews, including a friend/family member to support detailed recall of residential history, were conducted. Interviews elicited residential histories (RH) with addresses and concepts of ‘home.’ Participant-reported RH were compared against records in LexisNexis (LN). We used three levels of identifiers to locate participant records: 1. Name and Date of Birth (DOB); 2. Name, DOB, and middle initial and aliases; 3. Name, DOB, augmented name, and alternate family members’ addresses. Participants were categorized by the amount of data required to find the LN record; and those who could not be located at all. Qualitative data was analyzed using Dedoose Version 7.0.23 (2016), Los Angeles, California. Results: The study included 20 participants who lived on average 40 years in BVHP. Of those, 90% were African American. The majority (65%) were female with an average age of 61. LN records for 4 participants (20%) were identified using minimal identifiers; five (25%) required inclusion of aliases. Nearly half (n=8 (40%)) required search terms that included aliases and an alternative address, highlighting the difference between where people “live” versus where they “stay;” and suggesting the importance of differences in definitions of ‘home.’ Three (15%) participants’ records could not be found in LN. Conclusion: In a historically redlined community situated at one of the country’s most contaminated superfund sites, LN data was limited in capturing complete RH. The NCI’s recent linkage of SEER with LN residential history data relies on assumptions about financial mobility and multigenerational households. The dataset may fail to capture exposures when locations where people “stay” differ from their permanent address. Our results suggest that SEER-LN data to evaluate environmental exposures should be used with caution. Citation Format: Chinomnso Okorie, Dalila Adofo, Michael Bennett, Debora Oh, Galen Joseph, Scarlett Gomez, Kim F. Rhoads. Optimizing exposure science to understand disparities: the Bayview Hunters Point residential history study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr C078.

Beatriz Nascimento and the Erotics of the Quilombo in Times of Peril

In October 2018, the election of an extreme right-wing politician as president of Brazil laid bare the histories of antidemocratic practices that guided the policies and rhetoric of the newly elected government. Black, poor, Indigenous, Northeastern, and LGBTQIA+ people were positioned as threats to the stability of the nuclear family and public safety that the government claimed it would protect. The subsequent COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 also put into stark view the antidemocratic practices and the blatant disregard for life in Brazil, which was particularly acute for people who had been marked as a threat. “Beatriz Nascimento and the Erotics of the Quilombo in Times of Peril” revisits the work of Beatriz Nascimento, a Black Brazilian thinker and scholar who lived through the repressive and antidemocratic period of the military dictatorship (1964–1985). Nascimento’s work offers perspective to the current extreme right-wing project and underscores the significance of Black scholars’ interventions when the lives of marginalized people are at stake. Specifically, her concept of the quilombo (maroon communities) uncovers the histories, relations of power, and the possibilities of social relations for Brazilians living in precarity that antidemocratic governments have attempted to diminish and erase.

Tahiti Population (Re)Estimates and Ideologies

The question of Tahiti population at contact was first addressed by assessing the reliability of early and later estimates, and then by a retrodiction based on the first reliable censuses and data on trends. Cook’s famous estimate of 204,000 Tahitians, affected by a wrong number of districts, has been reworked based on his own and the Forsters’ observations, using coast length and the age and sex structure of Tahiti population at contact in relation to infanticide, resulting in a range of 156,000-188,000 persons in 1774, before Boenechea’s flu in 1772 and the 1774 flu epidemics. The discrepancies between Wilson’s 16,050 and other missionaries’ estimate of 50,000 as of 1797 are puzzling, but the 1829-1830 missionary estimates were strongly affected by Tahitians’ resistance to Christianization. The twentieth century estimates are affected by a political context related to colonization - decolonisation, leading to the fact that researchers favour low estimates. McArthur uses missionary data, assuming that baptisms are births, although before the conversion was completed, baptisms included adults and children of all ages. She bases her estimate of 30,000 Tahitians at contact in 1767 on Wilson’s number of 16,050, who applied the size of nuclear households, 6 persons, to clans. Oliver followed her, however not excluding numbers twice as high or more. Our retrodiction on the 1848 and 1881 censuses, based on qualitative missionary reports on sanitary situation and data of Rarotonga that experienced similar events as Tahiti, yield, with conservative assumptions, 180,000 persons at contact, showing consistent results with early navigators’ estimates. My own PhD experience in the late 1980s shows that scholars’ re-estimates were constrained, directly or indirectly, by political considerations related to the guilt syndrome and colonialist ideology. This appears in the frequent contradictions found in their works to support low estimates in order to reduce the decline, despite evidence of dramatic epidemics and a steady decline extending almost throughout the 19th century. The same attitude of denial is found in some missionary, administrative and medical reports, particularly on the Marquesas in the late 19th century. Colonisation was associated with various ideologies, related to anthropology’s early attempts based on theories of evolutionism, functionalism and structuralism, occasionally resulting in fictions such as “primitive thinking”, “ahistorical societies” and “collective unconscious”, that were part of the justification of colonisation and its mistakes.

Depression, Anxiety and Stress with Problematic Internet use Among Youth Attending; A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Background: Excessive and uncontrolled internet use can significantly impair daily functioning in various life domains. Despite the numerous benefits of the internet, its addictive use is a growing concern, particularly among youth, who are prone to anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders. Understanding the current scenario is essential for devising effective interventions, yet no scientific data is available in Bangladesh. Objective: To assess between depression, anxiety, and stress among youth with problematic internet use (PIU) attending a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry, Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from October 2020 to September 2022. Participants were interviewed using a structured socio-demographic questionnaire, the Bangla versions of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21-BV). Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0, with significance set at p&lt;0.05. Results: Among the 90 participants (mean age: 21.33 years; 68% male, 32% female), 95% were students, and 87% were from nuclear families. Internet use exceeded one year for 83% of participants. PIU levels were minimal in 15%, moderate in 62%, and excessive in 22%. Severe depression was observed in 15% of participants, severe anxiety in 25%, and severe stress in 25%. Extremely severe levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were found in 14%, 5%, and 14% of participants, respectively. Significant risk factors for PIU included male gender (χ²=8.217; p=0.02) and over three hours of daily internet use (χ²=35.289; p=0.001). PIU was significantly associated with depression (χ²=20.380; p=0.001), anxiety (χ²=16.159; p=0.019), and stress (χ²=14.734; p=0.019). Conclusion: Depression, anxiety, and stress are significantly associated with PIU. Early risk assessment, proper internet use, and initial screening are essential for managing potential mental disorders linked to PIU.

Disentangling genetic and social pathways of the intergenerational transmission of cognitive ability – A nuclear twin family study

As cognitive ability accounts for large parts of the intergenerational transmission of advantage, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms driving the intergenerational transmission of cognitive ability itself. Social mobility research usually focuses on social mechanisms of intergenerational transmission. For the case of cognitive ability, this means that parental cognitive ability affects offspring ability via the family environment. However, parents do not only provide resources, but also pass their genes to their children. As social and genetic transmission are not mutually exclusive, it is crucial to disentangle the contribution of both to the intergenerational transmission of cognitive ability. Using data from the German TwinLife survey, we apply a nuclear twin family design to address this question. Using data from all four twin birth cohorts, covering an age range of 5–25 years, we further explore whether the contribution of both mechanisms varies over the life course. For all four cohorts, in any of the estimated models, social transmission is very small and not significant. Genetic transmission, in turn, seems to be the primary mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of cognitive ability and becomes increasingly important with age. Our findings challenge conventional social mobility perspectives, stressing the need to incorporate genetic transmission into sociological research for a more comprehensive understanding of intergenerational transmission of advantage.

The benefits of intergenerational co-residence: reconsidering the effects of women’s education on their housework hours in urban China

ABSTRACT Previous research on housework has mainly focused on nuclear households. This study proposes a new theoretical framework, power negotiation preference in different family contexts, to understand how women’s resources bring different levels of power when negotiating with different household members. Empirically, this study examines how the effect of married women’s education on their housework hours varies based on whether or not they live with their parents and/or in-laws. Using OLS regression on data from the China Family Panel Studies, a nationally representative survey, this study finds that the direct effect of women’s education lowering their housework hours is stronger when they live with their parents or in-laws. In addition, the effect of women’s education is stronger on weekdays compared to weekends when women do not live with parents or in-laws, but does not differ by weekdays or weekends when they live with their parents or in-laws.

Prevalence and Awareness on Diabetes and Risk Factors for Developing Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients Attending Eye OPD: A Cross Sectional Pilot Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. Diabetic patients may suffer from many complications including diabetic retinopathy, which may lead to blindness. Early identification and increasing the level of awareness regarding diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among individuals helps in reducing burden on healthcare and economic worldwide. The management of diabetes poses a challenge to the medical and nursing staff as well as to the patients themselves9. Objective: To assess the Prevalence and Awareness on Diabetes and Risk Factors for Developing Diabetic Retinopathy among patients attending Eye OPD. Materials and methods: A quantitative research approach with Hospital based cross sectional descriptive research design was used in this study. 125 patients were selected using convenient sampling technique and who fulfill the inclusion criteria of the study. Data was collected using self-reporting questionnaires for demographic variables, IDRS to Assess Prevalence of Risk For Diabetes, Clinical And Behavioral Data To identify various Risk Factor For Developing Diabetic Retinopathy and Structured Awareness Questionnaire For DM and DR. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 125 patients have given their consent and they were approached. The majority of participant were age group of 51-60 i.e. 41(32.8%) and 67(53.6%) were female. 94(75.2%) were Hindu and 87(69.6%) were belongs to nuclear family. A majority of the participant 92(73.6%) were married and 41(32.8%) are illiterate. Majority’s 57(45.6%) family income is between Rs 11837 – 17755 and 82(65.6%) were Unemployed whereas 102(81.6%) were Non-Vegetarian in their dietary habits. Of the 125 patients, 69(55.2%) were moderate risk for DM among which 52(41.6%) of patients were known case of DM. Study finding shows that Risk factors for developing diabetes retinopathy were history of diabetes with duration of 5 years or less and with type II DM, Physical Inactivity, history of cataract surgery, On insulin/Oral diabetic treatment, tobacco consumption, RBS (101-200mg/dl), level of cholesterol(200- 239 mg/dl) and urea level (26-35mg/dl). 83(66.4%) of participant had moderate awareness regarding DM and DR. Study findings also shown that there is a significant association between awareness with age, marital status, education, family income, knowledge on diabetic eye and frequency of eye check up. Study findings showed that there is a significant association between awareness with gender, religion, type of family, marital status and education were found significant at p&lt;0.05 Conclusion: A majority of the participant had moderate risk for DM as well as also had moderate awareness regarding DM. Health Education and promotion will also help to increase awareness regarding Diabetes in the country.

A Study on Socio-economic Status of Fishers in Khammam District of Telangana, India

This study typically aims at analyzing the socio-economic condition of fishers in Khammam district of Telangana. The study was held in Khammam district of Telangana. In Khammam district top 5 mandals with highest fish production was selected for the study. The study lasts from April-May 2024. A multi-stage random sampling technique was selected for the study with sampling population of 120 beneficiaries. A well-structured pretested interview schedule was prepared that includes educational status, fisheries experience, type of family, type of house and sources of income etc. The socio-economic parameters were selected from previous literature. Based on response given by respondents, the data was analyzed and conclusive results were drawn. Most respondents have a high school education (48.33%) and fall within the 35-50 years age group (61.66%). The majority belong to the OBC category (85.83%) and live in nuclear families (95.00%) with pucca houses (84.16%). Fisheries is the primary occupation for 55.83% of respondents, while 44.16% have no secondary occupation. Landholding is predominantly marginal or small, with 55.83% holding no land. The main crops grown are paddy, cotton, and chili, with fisheries being the primary income source, complemented by agriculture and off-farm activities. It can be concluded that the majority of fishers are well-integrated into the fisheries sector, with limited landholdings and minimal secondary occupations. Educational attainment is concentrated at the high school level, and most participants belong to the OBC category. Income was primarily derived from fisheries, with some involvement in agriculture and off-farm activities.

Analysis of Multiple Marketing Strategies and their management in food and beverages brands in India

Over the years, the changing purchasing habits of Indian consumers have seen a tremendous transition. A better state of the economy, exposure to international media, travel abroad, the degree of urbanisation, educational attainment, and the introduction of new employment prospects in the service sector, such as in information technology. Some of the drivers include call centres and shopping that affects consumer habits. Due to economic changes implemented two decades ago, the middle class has grown significantly. In India, altering spending habits are occurring as disposable income rises. For international beverage manufacturers, India's beverage industry is a significant market. The food sector in India is extremely profitable thanks to rising standards of living and population expansion. Indian society's traditional economic environment was different from its current environment. The majority of Indian consumers gave home-cooked cuisine a strong preference. Contrarily, the current practise of eating out is quickly altering Indian society's perspective. Due to the fast-paced modern lifestyle, hectic schedules, competition, rise in the number of working women, nuclear family concept, etc., many fast-food franchises have now established themselves in India.

Moderating effect of family structure on the relationship between early clinical exposure and emotional labor of nursing students: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundEmotional labor is an essential component of nursing practice and is important for Generation Z nursing students born from the mid-1990s to early 2010s. They will become the backbone of the nursing workforce but present more emotional regulation problems. Studies on emotional labor are limited to clinical nurses and influencing factors at the individual level. The impacts of external systems on emotional labor of nursing students have not been explored. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between early clinical exposure and emotional labor and test the moderating effect of family structure on the relationship.MethodsThe cross-sectional study recruited 467 nursing students using convenience sampling from seven colleges and universities in mainland China. An e-survey created on WJX.CN was used to collect data in January 2023. Emotional labor (surface acting and deep acting) was measured with the Emotional Labor scale. Early clinical exposure (exposure or not and times of exposure) and family structure (nuclear family, extended family, and single-parent family) were assessed with self-reported questions. Descriptive statistics and the linear mixed-effects modeling were used to do the analyses.ResultsThe mean scores of surface acting and deep acting were 26.66 ± 5.66 and 13.90 ± 2.40, respectively. A significant difference in scores of surface acting was not observed for exposure or not, whereas such a significant difference was found for times of exposure. Nursing students from extended families demonstrated significantly lower scores on surface acting while exposed to clinical practice compared with those from nuclear families. Family structure moderated the relationship between times of exposure and surface acting of nursing students when exposed to clinical practice for one time, but the significance disappeared when the times of exposure increased. No significant findings of early clinical exposure on deep acting were observed.ConclusionsEarly clinical exposure influenced emotional labor, and students from extended families were more likely to get benefits from early clinical exposure. Studies are needed to help students from nuclear families get comparable benefits on emotional labor as those from extended families, and improve deep acting by early clinical exposure.

Linkage equilibrium between rare mutations.

Recombination breaks down genetic linkage by reshuffling existing variants onto new genetic backgrounds. These dynamics are traditionally quantified by examining the correlations between alleles, and how they decay as a function of the recombination rate. However, the magnitudes of these correlations are strongly influenced by other evolutionary forces like natural selection and genetic drift, making it difficult to tease out the effects of recombination. Here we introduce a theoretical framework for analyzing an alternative family of statistics that measure the homoplasy produced by recombination. We derive analytical expressions that predict how these statistics depend on the rates of recombination and recurrent mutation, the strength of negative selection and genetic drift, and the present-day frequencies of the mutant alleles. We find that the degree of homoplasy can strongly depend on this frequency scale, which reflects the underlying timescales over which these mutations occurred. We show how these scaling properties can be used to isolate the effects of recombination, and discuss their implications for the rates of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria.

A Comparative Study To Assess The Attitude Of Working Men And Women (Age 20-40 Years) Towards Marriage In Delhi NCR

Marriage is a cornerstone of society, playing a significant role in shaping individuals' lives and contributing to the fabric of communities. Over the past few decades, profound shifts in societal norms, cultural values, and economic landscapes have reshaped perceptions and attitudes towards marriage, particularly among working individuals, whose professional lives often intersect with their personal aspirations and relationship dynamics. For Nursing Personnel, understanding marital status is important because of its influence on psychological and physical well-being. A comparative study was undertaken to assess the Attitude of working Men and Women (Age 20-40 years) towards Marriage in Delhi NCR. A Comparative survey design was adopted for the study. The data was collected, using a 7-point Likert Scale via Google Forms. 100 men and 100 women were selected from MNC, School, Hospital and Society of Delhi NCR. A standardized tool, “The Marital Scale” (Park and Rosen) was used. The data was tabulated and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study showed that a predominance of respondents in the 26-30 age, with a considerable educational attainment of graduates (46%) and postgraduates (41%). Hindu (54%) and Christian (36%) affiliations were most common, with nuclear families (48%) prevailing over joint ones (33%). In the private sector, 64% were employed, with a majority (61%) earning below Rs. 50,000 monthly. Preference for partners of the same caste or religion was evident in 59% of respondents. The study revealed that men have more positive attitude towards marriage as compared to women. Men displayed a slightly higher mean attitude score (174.8) than women (167.31), with a significant mean difference of 7.56. However, no significant association was found between attitudes towards marriage and demographic variables

Factors affecting early initiation of breastfeeding among mothers of urban area of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, India: A community-based cross-sectional study.

Early initiation of breastfeeding reduces infant mortality and morbidity and prolongs the duration of breastfeeding. The present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding and factors associated with early initiation of breastfeeding in the urban area of Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. The present community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban area of Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh from March 2017 to July 2018 on 370 recently delivered mothers. Data were collected by interview, using the pretested structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS, version 20. Significance was set at the value of P < 0.05. The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding was found to be 45.4%. The percentage of mothers initiating breastfeeding earlier increased when they belonged to the higher age group, nuclear family, were educated, employed, counseled during antenatal visits, non-primigravida and delivered in health institutions. It was also observed that type of delivery, socioeconomic status of mothers, birth weight of baby and occupation of husband are not significantly associated with the early initiation of breastfeeding. Increasing literacy amongst the population, promoting marriages at an appropriate age, counseling pregnant women regarding early initiation of breastfeeding during antenatal care visits and institutional deliveries can significantly increase the prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding in the mothers of urban areas of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh.

Differences in frequency between administrative and parent-reported ADHD diagnosis data of children and adolescents taking sociodemographic characteristics into account - Results from the consortium project INTEGRATE-ADHD.

In the project INTEGRATE-ADHD, administrative and parent-reported ADHD diagnosis data of children and adolescents were linked at person level for the first time in Germany. This contribution analyses discrepancies between the data sources, considering sociodemographic characteristics. Parents of 5,461 0- to 17-year-olds insured with the German statutory health insurance company DAK-Gesundheit in 2020, who had a confirmed administrative diagnosis of ADHD (ICD-10 F90.0-9) in at least one quarter (M1Q criterion), were surveyed online about their child's ADHD diagnosis and other health and care-related topics. Using logistic regression, associations between the presence of a parental report of the child's administrative ADHD diagnosis and sociodemographic predictors were analysed. 71.6 % of parents reported their child's administrative diagnosis of ADHD in the survey. The diagnosis was significantly less likely to be reported by parents of girls, younger children, children with a migration background and children from nuclear families with both biological parents. There were no differences with regard to parental education, urbanisation (urban/rural) or density of care. Bivariate findings were confirmed in the multivariable model. Approximately one third of parents do not report their child's administrative diagnosis of ADHD. The likelihood of parental reporting varies according to sociodemographic factors. This should be considered when contextualising the data sources in the future.

Association of the intergenerational structure with the onset of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults in China.

Chinese family structure has undergone tremendous changes over the past few decades. Moreover, the association of the intergenerational structure with depression remains controversial. This study aimed to find out the association of the intergenerational structure and the onset of depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults. This study included 4,868 participants of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), who were enrolled in 2011 without depressive symptoms and followed up at least once later in 2013, 2015, 2018, and 2020. Taking the time-varying confounding effect into account, the time-dependent Cox regression models were used to estimate the association of the intergenerational structure and the onset of depressive symptoms. Among the studied middle-aged and older adults, compared to one-generation households, higher hazard ratios (HR) of developing depressive symptoms were found in three-generation households in the study population (HR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.08, 1.36]). Further, for female participants, skipping-generation households (HR = 1.38, 95% CI [1.05, 1.83]) and three-generation lineal households (HR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.02, 1.43]) were found to be significantly associated with new-onset depressive symptoms compared to empty-nest couples. For male participants, living alone (HR = 1.65, 95% CI [1.30, 2.11]), living in standardized nuclear households (HR = 1.27, 95% CI [1.06, 1.54]), impaired nuclear households (HR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.18, 2.76]), or three-generation lineal households (HR = 1.34, 95% CI [1.12, 1.60]) were found to have a significant association with the onset of depressive symptoms. This study found that males living alone, with unmarried children, or in three-generation lineal households, and females living with grandchildren were more likely to suffer from depressive symptoms. Therefore, special attention should be paid to people in these intergenerational structure subtypes.

Increased nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group E, member 1 (NR2E1) concentrations of PBMCs are associated with chronic inflammation in overweight/obesity

BackgroundChronic inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of overweight/obesity. Nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group E, member 1 (NR2E1) is one of the nuclear receptor family proteins that play crucial roles in regulating numerous life processes. In this study, we attempted to detect NR2E1 levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of overweight/obese people and preliminarily elucidate the regulatory role of NR2E1 in obesity-related chronic inflammation. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the clinical and biochemical data from 62 overweight/obese people and 70 control subjects. PBMCs of the participants were collected for detection of NR2E1 levels. PBMCs isolated from the control subjects were treated with different concentrations of palmitic acid (PA). We also transfected p-EGFP-N1-NR2E1 plasmids into PBMCs and treated them with PA, then detected TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in the supernatant of PBMCs. ResultsThe NR2E1 mRNA and protein levels in overweight/obese people were both significantly higher than those in normal-BMI people (p < 0.01). NR2E1 mRNA levels in PBMCs of overweight/obese people were positively related with TC, FFA, IL-6, TNF-α (r = 0.387, 0.440, 0.610, 0.530, p < 0.01) and LDL-c (r = 0.290, p < 0.05). A similar correlation was also found between NR2E1 protein levels and these parameters. The expression of NR2E1 in PBMCs from the control subjects increased apparently with the treatment of PA in a concentration-depend manner in vitro. Overexpression of NR2E1 in PBMCs decreased TNF-α and IL-6 expression induced by PA (p < 0.01). ConclusionNR2E1 levels are increased in overweight/obese people and have a positive relationship with TC, FFA, LDL-C, TNF-α and IL-6. Overexpression of NR2E1 could alleviate PA-induced chronic inflammation. NR2E1 may be a potential target for regulating chronic inflammation in obesity.