Nuclear Family Structure Research Articles

TRADITIONAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES RELATED TO PUERPERIUM, NEONATAL CARE AND BREASTFEEDING IN THE POSTPARTUM PERIOD

Objective: In this research, we aimed to determine the traditional beliefs and implemented practices of women in postpartum period regarding puerperium, neonatal, care, and breastfeeding. Method: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive and consisted of 618 women living in seven regions of Turkey between December 12,2022 and January 15,2023. The data were collected through a personal information form created by the researchers and snowball sampling method was used. Mean, standard deviation, number, percentage, and chi-square tests were used to evaluate the data. Findings: The average age of the women participating in the study was between 38.15±10.62, and the duration of the marriage was 16.59±11.54 years. Of the women, 33.3% are primary school graduates, 73% are not working, 54.4% have an income equivalent to expenses, and 86.9% have a nuclear family structure. Of them, 59.7% stated that they resorted to traditional practices related to puerperal care, 61.8% to neonatal care, and 47.9% to breastfeeding. The traditional practices that women use the most are abstinence from sexual intercourse for forty days in puerperium (66.8%), swaddling in neonatal care (75.9%), consuming hot milk, soup, etc., and increasing milk consumption during breastfeeding (62.6%). It was found that there is a significant difference between the traditional methods applied for puerperal care, neonatal care, and breastfeeding when compared by region (p<0.05). Conclusions and recommendations: It was determined that the women participating in the study applied many traditional methods related to puerperium, neonatal care, and breastfeeding. Although these methods show regional differences, they are often used. It is proposed to increase the awareness of society and health professionals specialized in their field about traditional methods and to create policies for health organizations to identify and inform, considering that these traditional methods may create differences in individuals.

Gender Perspectives in Agriculture and Livestock Production: Insights from Garo Tribal Farm Households in West Garo Hills: Meghalaya

This study was conducted in two villages situated in the West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya in 2023, focusing on a sample of 60 tribal farm families. Respondents were randomly selected from the selected villages. Statistical analyses were performed using frequencies and percentage. The findings revealed that 80.0% of households had a nuclear family structure, with 61.67% being led by males. Agriculture was the primary occupation of 51.67% of households, and 33.33% reported an annual household income ranging from Rs. 85,001 to Rs. 150,000. Additionally, 78.33% of households possessed areca nut orchards and 60.0% utilized mobile phones for communication. Credit facilities were available to 31.67% of respondents. Regarding information sources, 98.33% of males and 96.67% of females relied on friends and neighbours for agricultural information. Decision-making was reported to be joint in 65.0% of households. Crop harvesting, which was primarily performed by females (55.0%), and the selling of harvests during financial needs, which were handled by males (35.0%) and females (38.33%), were identified as patterns. Revenue management from sales was undertaken by males (36.67%) and jointly (33.33%). In livestock-related decisions, 63.0% reported joint decision-making, and the grazing of animals was managed by children within households (68.33%). For healthcare, 63.33% of independent males consulted the veterinary department during instances of animal disease. Joint decisions were made for the purchase and sale of animals (81.76%). The present findings contribute valuable insights into gender in agricultural discourse, guiding informed and inclusive development in the North East Region. Practitioner Summary: The study was on 60 small Garo tribal farm families actively engaged in both agricultural and livestock activities. Study revealed that women has integral role in agriculture and livestocks then men. Joint decision making in agriculture collaborative farm management, males often takes lead in financial management and certain post-harvest processes.

Influence of Beliefs of Religious Leaders on the Acceptance of Caesarean Section as a Delivery Option among Women in Ogbomoso, South West Nigeria

Background: Lots of religious beliefs and doctrines among clergy in Christianity, Islam and traditional worshippers have determined the outcome of pregnancy and health of pregnant mothers in developing countries making them occasionally go through unnecessary risks of childbirth and postpartum conditions. Hence, a study to assess the influence of belief of religious leaders on the acceptance of Caesarean Section as a choice of child delivery is paramount. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in April, 2023 among religious leaders and a total of 422 of them were selected randomly and interviewed using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: About 164(38.9%) were below 40 years, 272(64.5%) were males, 150(35.5%) were females; majority 273(64.7%) practice Christianity, 138(32.7%) practice Islam; 354(83.9%) belong to the Yoruba ethnic group; more than half of the respondents 293(69.4%) were married; 314(74.4%) had a nuclear family structure; majority 302(71.6%) had tertiary education; 186(44.1%) were employed, 168(39.8%) were self-employed. 372(88.2%) believed that Caesarean sections a method of child delivery; less than half 144(34.1%) believed that Caesarean section is only used for emergency; 151(35.8%) believed that Complications of caesarean section are more than normal vaginal delivery; 198(46.9%) believed that Caesarean section is an easy way of delivery; 82(19.4%) believed that Caesarean section benefits only the mother; 80(19.0%) believed that Caesarean section affects the bonding between mother and child; amongst others. Conclusion: The study reveals that religious leaders in Ogbomoso will require more scientific information about caesarean section, and a significant proportion of them hold misconceptions about the procedure. Nevertheless, the majority of the religious leaders in the study were willing to accept caesarean section as a mode of delivery. Given their role in influencing their members' health-seeking behaviour, religious leaders could play a significant role in improving maternal and child health outcomes in the community by promoting accurate information about caesarean section and encouraging its acceptance.

Understanding the impact of socioeconomic and health factors on geriatric depression: A comparative study in rural and urban Bangladesh.

The prevalence of depression among the elderly is a growing concern, and this study examines the differences between urban and rural areas in terms of geriatric depression. Using a two-stage random sampling approach in urban areas and a multistage random sampling approach in rural areas, the study surveyed 944 elderly individuals of both sexes. The results indicate that the prevalence of depression was high, with 52.5% of the elderly population experiencing mild to severe depression. The study found that increasing age, female gender, nuclear family structure, and involvement of housewives or others were significant factors affecting depression in urban areas, while increasing age and elderly people without spouses were significant factors in rural areas. Additionally, the study identified hearing impairment, asthma, and arthritis as risk factors for depression in rural areas, and bronchitis, heart disease, and thyroid illness as significant factors in urban areas. These findings highlight the need for policymakers to focus on addressing the mental health needs of older people, particularly women and those without spouses.

Early childhood caries, family functioning, and common mental disorders in a region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the need for dental treatment in preschool children concerning early childhood caries (ECC), evaluated by the School Health Program (SHP); family functioning; and common mental disorders (CMDs) within families in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Methods: A structured questionnaire was applied to the main caretaker of the 61 children by telephone contact. The questions addressed socioeconomic and demographic data; the Questionnaire of General Family Functioning (GFF) sought to investigate family functioning; and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) served to screen for CMDs among the main caretakers. Secondary data were collected from the SHP to survey the need for oral health treatments. The dependent variable was the need for tooth restoration or extraction. The data were analyzed descriptively and by Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests (p < 0.05), using SPSS v.22.0. Results: The median age of the children was 5 years old, and 32.8% required treatment for dental caries. There was no association between the need for tooth restoration or extraction and socioeconomic factors, family relations, and the presence of CMDs in the main caretaker (p > 0.05). However, there was a greater frequency of need for treatment in families with low income (24.6%) and with less social support (family and friends < 1). Children whose family was included in the Family Grant Program (62.3%), the respondent was the mother (57.4%), had completed high school or higher (36.1%), no paid work (42.6%), with a traditional or nuclear family structure (27.8%), and living in a house with good sanitary conditions (63.9%) presented a lower frequency of need for treatment. The GFF and SRQ-20 values among preschool children with and without the need for dental treatment were similar. Conclusion: There was a trend of a higher need for ECC treatment in children from families with lower income and less familiar and social support.

Placemaking -the importance of kinship for migrants’ habitus and territorial integration

This article delves into the evolving significance of kinship among non-Western migrants residing in Western Europe. In the migrants’ countries of origin, kinship generally encompasses a rule-based and normative way of life, hinging on each individual member’s adherence to kinship values. In contrast, life in their new Western host countries is expected to revolve around the individual’s personal engagement in education, employment, and healthcare within the context of the nuclear family. This shift is often framed in integration policies and practical social work as a transition from viewing migrants as passive recipients of their homeland traditions to recognizing them as active agents responsible for shaping their own lives. However, this transformation raises the question of whether kinship diminishes in significance in these new surroundings or if it can assume a new role as a foundation for complex individual lives. In this context, active participation (and integration) would be built upon a secure base strengthened by kinship. Our analysis focuses on how migrants grapple with two equally crucial systems: the kinship of their home country and the nuclear family structure of the host country. Upon their arrival in the host country, migrants confront a weighty choice: Should they relinquish their kinship relationships because they seemingly serve no purpose in the host country? And must the migrant assimilate into a nuclear family structure where welfare is guaranteed by the welfare state, but where each individual citizen is expected to contribute to community-building and a sense of belonging? These questions should be considered by both migrants themselves and within the domain of social work. This analysis revolves around a single concept central to migrants, namely kinship, and how it evolves through their experiences in the host country. Migrant relations encompass group dynamics and cultural values not always comprehensible to most people in the host country. However, following migrants’ experiences, kinship emerges as a crucial bridge to integration within a Western welfare state. In our analysis, we primarily draw upon Pierre Bourdieu’s distinction between official and practical kinship. We perceive kinship as a tool of power for managing social and cultural conflicts (Bourdieu 1979, Brighenti 2010) due to kinships serving as bastions of emotional and value cohesion among their members. Nevertheless, kinship can also serve as a secure foundation for migrants in novel surroundings, characterized by foreign demands and expectations (Carsten 2020). The article concludes by briefly outlining how educational practitioners can monitor migrant families’ percep-tions of and attachment to their new locale.

Association between flaunting behaviors on social media and among the general population in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.

The number of social media users is growing with each passing day at full tilt, keeping pace with digitalization and technological advances. Despite several advantages, there are also certain negative aspects to using social networking sites (SNS) for communication, amusement, self-expression, impression management, and other purposes. This study sought to investigate the association between mental health status and flaunting behaviors in social media among the general population in Bangladesh. We conducted this nationwide cross-sectional online survey among 465 people aged between 18 and 60 between October 15, 2021 and January 15, 2022. Following electronic consent, we collected the socio-demographic profiles and psychometric parameters of the respondents. Additionally, we assessed the diverse perspectives on SNS usage and its relationship to the self-reported symptoms of depression and loneliness. The estimated prevalence of loneliness and depressive symptoms were 65.16% (mild: 39.57%, moderate: 16.56%, severe: 9.03%) and 55.49% (mild: 26.67%, moderate: 22.15%, severe: 6.67%), respectively. Key factors associated with flaunting on social media were mental health issues such as depression and loneliness. Several social factors were also considered, such as being young, of the male sex, unmarried, illiterate, a student, urban dwelling, average economic status, nuclear family structure, types of SNSs, checking social media first in the morning, and the use of SNS for gaining popularity. A significant portion of SNS users reported symptoms of mental illness. Current study findings urge for longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes to have a nearly equal distribution of users from each social media platform for in-depth exploration of how user attitudes about SNSs and site usage patterns impact the general public's mental health. We suggest that regulating SNS usage patterns and treatment approaches would improve the situation.

Psychological Origins of The Transference To Female Dominance in Vietnamese Families

Generally, the gender culture of East Asia is male chauvinist. This assumption is not only an expression of masculine dominance but also a social convention that gives men the privilege to administrate society based on the presumption of male intelligence and rationality in order to serve the needs of social development. Such social conventions are expressed in the proverb: "Men are the backbone of the country" or "Men are as shallow thinking as the wells. Women are as deep-thinking as the betel tray." These social conventions have been extended and practiced in the structure of the traditional nuclear family, expressed in idioms and proverbs such as: "The boat follows the waterman; the girl follows the husband" or "A child has a father like a house has a roof. The fatherless children are like tadpoles without tails"; or the ethical values assigned to women such as "Three obedience and four virtues", which are considered Confucian values. It is worth noting that although Vietnam is located in the East Asia cultural area, Vietnamese society also has idioms that emphasize the role of women/mothers in the family in balancing the roles of the two genders, such as: "Men build houses, women build happy nests" or "Those who fatherless eat rice and fish, those who motherless lie in leaves". Even so, it is undeniable that men play a pivotal and vital role in the traditional Vietnamese nuclear family structure: Men are given the voice to represent the family (or agency of family), whether based on their will or the will of the family collective. In other words, the man is "the leader of the family" for all activities and development of his family, thus having all the privileges of family administration delegated by the members of his family. In the context of contemporary Vietnamese families, this element of administrative privileges is gradually being transferred to women. This transference has not just appeared in this 21st century, but has existed in a small scope. In the first 20 years of this 21st century, the mainstream discourse has increasingly encouraged this transference, such as changing the metaphor of "roof" from father to mother. Women today are compared to the "roof" of the family instead of men as tradition. Therefore, women have more voices in establishing the core values of the traditional Vietnamese nuclear family. What is the cause of that transference of privilege? What made men voluntarily give their privilege to women even though society still preserves the role of men both in society and in the family? There are many sociological explanations, such as the maturation of women's social status through labour freedom, economic independence, body self-determination, and freedom of sex-mate choice. This article aims to provide an additional perspective on socio-psychological aspects when describing and demonstrating a psychological complex that exists deep in the mind of men towards women; thus, when faced with the maturity of the status of women, men are forced to concede their position status in the role of establishing the core of values in the traditional nuclear family. This psychological complex is temporarily called "fear of being cuckold".

The Water is Rising, Families are Drowning: An Ecocritical Reading of The Wall by John Lanchaster

Written in a plain and unsophisticated style like numerous other popular novels, the Wall by John Lanchester deals with a series of contemporary global issues including climate change, rising totalitarianism and protracted refugee crisis. Set in a dystopian future, but conscious of the contemporary problems afflicting humanity and environment, the Wall also presents in an interrogant tone scenes of empathy toward refugees or “the Others”. In this essay, referring to the postulations raised in the field of ecocriticism, but particularly to understanding of environmentalism in apocalyptic, postapocalyptic, and dystopian senses, I will attempt to analyze how rising environmental crises and concerns shape the family structure of modern people, and the relationships between children and parents. Based on problematic family images drawn in the Wall, I propose that the rise of environmental disasters has disruptive and destructive effects on traditional family (nuclear family) structure regardless of geographical location, family bonds and intrafamilial relationships, which makes people more vulnerable to external threats in so far as they are left emotionally and mentally, if not physically, debilitated in a devastated environment.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHER-PARENTS INTERACTION AND STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN DISTRICT FAISALABAD

The relationship between parents and teachers has a significant impact on pupils' achievement. The contact between a student's home and school has a big impact on their personal, social, and emotional growth. The teacher and parent discussing the students' academic progress can help them study more and produce better academic results. In District Faisalabad, Pakistan, the study was undertaken to determine the "relationship between teachers-parents interaction and student's performance at secondary level in tehsil Faisalabad city." Parents are the children's primary educators. The study area was decided upon as Tehsil Faisalabad. The study was restricted to the 20 secondary schools (10 public and 10 private). A simple random sample procedure was used to choose the 150 students and 100 teachers that participated in the research project. To gather the data, a well-designed questionnaire was created. SPSS, the data were examined using a social science statistical technique and draw conclusions and suggestions. 90% of respondents believed that parents should always participate in school activities. According to the study's findings, 61% of teachers and 54% of students stated that their school held PTM once a month. The majority of responders (50.7%) felt that teachers should be contacted directly to discuss students' progress. The majority of students (74%) and instructors (70%) supported the nuclear family structure since there are fewer disruptions to students' schoolwork in this type of household. The majority of students (74%) and teachers (71%) agreed that an urban environment has a substantial impact on pupils' performance. The teachers' and students' mean values (M= 4.6200, SD=.52762) of the respondents were most in agreement about the impact of family income on student achievement. Higher parental education levels, according to 50% of respondents, have an impact on how well students achieve. Keywords: Teacher-parents interaction, Students, performance, Meeting, involvement.

How the Situational Factors Impact the Consumers to Buy Food and Grocery Products Impulsively: A Study Conducted in the Organized Retail Formats of Kolkata

Impulsive purchasing is quickly becoming one of the highly observable behaviour for an increasing number of Indian consumers. Situational factors as experienced by the consumers inside an organized retail format affect the consumers to purchase different food and grocery products impulsively. These situational factors are impacted by a number of socio-economic and technological issues such as increase in online transaction facilities, unavailability of time to shop leisurely, increase in disposable income, financial independence of young shoppers, peer pressure, nuclear family structure etc. Food and grocery retailers might capitalize this change of buying pattern among tech-savvy and time pressed urban consumers by offering a range of technological facilities along with a decent service quality. This research studies the impact of the various situational factors eliciting impulsive buying behaviour among the consumers in the organized retail food and grocery outlets in Kolkata, through consumer survey by a standardized questionnaire.

PARENTAL PARTICIPATION PRACTICES AS PRECURSORS OF PUPILS’ EARLY READING LITERACY SKILLS ACHIEVEMENT KIAMBAA SUB-COUNTY, KIAMBU COUNTY, KENYA

The purpose of this study was to investigate ways in which parents are involved in their children's education as precursors of early literacy acquisition of children. The study used the Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler Parental Model as its theoretical lens. The study employed a descriptive survey design. Data was collected through questionnaires and a reading assessment checklist for children. Public and private primary schools included in the study were selected through stratified sampling criteria comprising 12% of the total number of schools in the Kiambaa Sub-county. A stratified sample of pupils and purposeful samples of parents and teachers were then made comprising 12% lower primary students, 12% parents, and 12% teachers from each of the selected schools. A pilot study was conducted before the final study. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 26.0). Pearson Chi-square test to establish whether there was a correlation between nuclear family structure, level of parents’ education, and parental involvement in early reading literacy skills achievement of lower primary school children. The results were presented in frequency tables, bar graphs, and bar charts. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of the children were aided in their reading literacy by their significant others and family members. Most parents always read with their children in their sitting room, parents seldom read with their children outside, some parents often read with their children in the kitchen, and fewer parents never read with children in the kitchen as well. The study concluded that family structure can have some impact on parental involvement in early reading literacy skills achievements for lower primary school children. The study recommended that parents and teachers must be aware of the significant contribution they can make to their children's learning by providing a stimulating environment around language, reading, and writing, as well as supporting the school's literacy agenda at home, both during the early years of schooling and later years. It can be concluded that parents are willing to engage when they believe the schools are open and eager to facilitate their engagement. Parental participation is difficult for teachers in particular, and both teachers and parents require particular help and clear instructions to promote engagement. The study recommends that parents and teachers must be aware of the significant contribution they can make to their children's learning by providing a stimulating environment around language, reading, and writing, as well as supporting the school's literacy agenda at home, both during the early years of schooling and later years.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0202/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The association between family structure and adolescent physical activity levels: a systematic review

BackgroundAdolescent physical activity is influenced by biological, psychological, sociocultural, and environmental factors; however, no systematic review to date has explicitly explored the effect of family structure. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesise evidence for the effect of family structure on adolescent physical activity levels. MethodsWe searched six databases: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Sociological Abstracts. Search terms used included “adolescence”, “family structure”, and “physical activity”. The search was limited to peer-reviewed studies with a quantitative component published from Jan 1, 2010, to Feb 8, 2022, with no restrictions imposed on the language, country, and year the data were collected. Studies looking at adolescents aged 10–19 years and any association between family structure and physical activity levels were included. Screening of studies occurred in duplicate. Data were extracted and study quality was assessed (in duplicate) before narrative synthesis, which followed the SWiM guidelines. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42020221090. FindingsIn total, 30 studies met the inclusion criteria: 17 (57%) looked at global physical activity and 13 (43%) at leisure physical activity and sport participation. 29 (97%) of 30 studies used a cross-sectional study design and 27 (90%) assessed the outcome through a survey, with 16 (53%) reporting a significant association between family structure and adolescent physical activity. Ten (33%) of 30 studies used multivariable regression; in these studies, nuclear family structure was shown to be associated with higher physical activity levels in eight (27%) studies, of which seven were good quality studies, looking at middle adolescent in high-income countries. Two (7%) of 30 studies reported the opposite effect, with one looking at a disadvantaged sample and the other at physical exercise class attendance and active transport. InterpretationImproving our understanding of social determinants of adolescent physical activity levels could help inform strategies to promote healthier behaviour. Current evidence suggests that adolescents in nuclear families engage in more physical activity, however robust high-quality longitudinal studies are required to further investigate the long-term effect. FundingNone.

Furious Feedback and the Revolutionary Ode to Noise

Furious Feedback and the Revolutionary Ode to Noise

Children hospitalized for suspected maltreatment in Greece: who, why and what for?

ABSTRACT Child maltreatment crosses all socioeconomic, ethnic, religious, and educational boundaries; however, studies focusing on demographic characteristics of these children in Greece are scarce. Despite recent effort there is no national registry and the response system remains fragmented. Since the existing response system often includes hospital admission, this study aims to describe the characteristics of children up to 16 years of age with suspected maltreatment admitted to a tertiary children’s hospital in Greece, as well as to describe the case management procedure and to calculate the length and baseline cost of hospitalization for this population of children. The socioeconomic factor most often recorded in the study participants was parental unemployment within the nuclear family structure. The main reason for referral to Social Services was neglect. The mean hospitalization duration was 28.5 days. The most frequent outcome was discharge to parental home under Social Services’ supervision. The analysis of associations between gender, age, residence status and the referral reasons showed significant differences. Quantitative and qualitative descriptors of children with suspected maltreatment offer potential insights on the social determinants of health. Our findings have the potential of offering assistance to future interventions that aim to develop effective system responses and preventive strategies.

Safety Feeling and Satisfaction Rates of Syrians Under Temporary Protection in Turkey's Eastern Province

Objective: This study aims to determine safety feeling and satisfaction rates of Syrians under temporary protection in an eastern province of Turkey.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The study was conducted among Syrians under temporary protection over the age of 18 living in a province in the eastern Anatolian region of Turkey. Results: The average time of living of the Syrians in Turkey was 24.36 ± 15.46. 53.9% of the participants were women, and 46.1% were men. The average age of women was 37.18±11.59, while the average age of men was 37.59 ± 11.10. The average number of people staying at home was 6.95 ± 3.05. 69.6% of the participants in the study had a nuclear family structure. The ratio of disabled family members was 13.1%. 70.8% of those included in the study considers returning to Syria again. There was a positive correlation between the increase in family income and age and the average feeling of being safe. The average score of feeling safe was significantly higher in those who did not have the idea of returning to Syria.Conclusion: It has been observed that people do not have problems in accessing health services and the education of their children, but they have problems mostly due to language and economic difficulties.

The experience of late life remarriage and its meaning for older Arab Muslim widowed men in Israel

Late-life remarriage is one form of repartnering later in life, a phenomenon that has developed with the increase in life expectancy and other modernization processes, such as the shift from an extended to a nuclear family structure. Knowledge on the phenomenon of repartnering is based on research conducted mainly within Western societies living by individualistic values. It has also been studied in societies such as Israel, which value self-determination alongside familism. How the phenomenon is experienced within a more patriarchal, collectivist society undergoing modernization processes, such as the Arab Muslim society in Israel, is yet to be explored. The aim was to understand the meaning of late-life remarriage and how it is experienced among older Arab Muslim widowers in Israel who remarried at old age after a long-term marriage and raising a family. Using a phenomenological approach, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 Arab Muslim widowers aged 70–80 at time of remarriage, to never-married, middle-aged women. Three themes were identified: The first theme addresses motivations for remarriage, the second theme examines continuity and change from a lifelong marriage, and the third theme refers to the meaning they attribute to their current wife. Each theme addresses participants’ inner world, their relationship with spouse and offspring, and their perception of the society they belong to. Conclusions address late-life remarriage as a solution for older widowers to receive care within the extended collectivist family. Thus, the phenomenon reflects a reaction to modernization processes alongside a way to preserve patriarchal gender roles.

Performance Optimization of Industrial Supply Chain Using Artificial Intelligence.

Nowadays, organized retailing has witnessed a newer trend in the upcoming generations. Globally, these changes are attributed to growing family income, increased female participation, the transformation from joint to nuclear family structure, and technological advancements. Moreover, other variables such as lower supply chain costs, growing sales, rising consumer demands, changing market structure, and increasing competition also influenced supply chain networks. It is observed that the organizational nonlivestock supply chain performance is affected by strategic, operational, and environmental aspects. AI is helping to deliver powerful optimization capabilities, which are required for more accurate capacity planning, improved productivity, high quality, lower costs, and greater output, all while fostering safer working conditions. These benefits are all made possible thanks to the introduction of AI in supply chains. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of the relevant previous research, the purpose of this work is to determine the specific contributions that artificial intelligence (AI) has made to supply chain management. This research attempted to discover the present as well as possible AI strategies that may increase both the study of Supply Chain Management as well as the practice of it. This was done in order to solve the current scientific gap of AI in Supply Chain Management. It was also found that there are holes in the existing study that need to be filled by more scientific investigation. To be more exact, the following four facets were discussed: (1) the AI approaches that are most often used in Supply Chain Management; (2) the AI techniques that have the potential to be used in Supply Chain Management; (3) the Supply Chain Management subfields that have benefited from the application of AI so far; and (4) the subfields that have a high potential to be improved by AI. Identifying and evaluating articles from the four supply chain management domains of logistics, marketing, supply chain management, and manufacturing require the use of a predetermined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. In this study, insights are provided via the use of methodical analysis and synthesis. A better understanding of these parameters not only improves the nonlivestock supply chain processes but also ensures competitive advantage. The present research aims to test the following elements that including supply chain speed, customer retention, supply chain management integration, and various management. The proposed work categorizes the performance of the supply chain using the Improved Feed Forward Network with Particle Swarm Optimization technique. Results indicate that inventory management, customer happiness, profitability, and client base identification are listed as competitive advantage elements. On the other hand, stakeholder satisfaction, innovation and learning, market performance, customer satisfaction, and financial success are the six recognized organizational performance criteria. Resultantly, the overall performance metrics of the proposed work is 94.12%, while accuracy rate, specificity, and sensitivity rate are found to be 94.12%, 92.15%, and 89.14%, respectively. The research can be helpful for industrial managers to optimize the performance of supply chain systems using artificial intelligence.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PARTICIPATION OF MOTHERS IN BABY CAREGIVING AND POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDERS IN THE NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT

The study was carried out to determine the relationship between the participation of mothers in baby caregiving in the neonatal intensive care unit and post-traumatic stress disorders. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sivas Numune Hospital Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between April and October 2021. Data of the study were collected with a face-to-face survey method conducted with 284 mothers. In the study, it was determined that mothers; who had a high level of education, were employed, had a nuclear family structure, were breastfeeding, and received discharge training had higher participation in caregiving. On the contrary, it was determined that mothers; who were housewives, whose baby was of the gender they did not want, who evaluated the health status of their baby and themselves as moderate, and who had more than one child had more post-traumatic stress disorder. As the result of the research, to increase mothers' education level, informing them and supporting them psychologically during this period are recommended.

Black–White disparities in nuclear family trajectories and parents' postsecondary transfers to adult children

AbstractObjectiveThis study uses a life course perspective to investigate Black–White disparities in how nuclear family structures (i.e., parents' romantic union statuses and coresidential arrangements with children) are linked with postsecondary financial transfers.BackgroundIn the United States, both parents' nuclear family experiences and postsecondary transfers are stratified along racial lines. Prior research suggests that racial disparities in nuclear family experiences, however, are not key drivers of the gap in parental postsecondary transfers. The small role that nuclear family structure plays in shaping the Black–White gap in postsecondary transfers may result from heterogeneity in the consequences of such structures across racial groups, though this heterogeneity remains untested.MethodUsing the Panel Survey of Income Dynamics (https://psidonline.isr.umich.edu/) and sequence analysis techniques, this study documents seven common family trajectories experienced by American parents (N = 7289). It employs two‐part models to assess whether the association between parents' trajectories and the likelihood/magnitude of postsecondary transfers differs for Black and White parents.ResultsResults suggest that White parents who are continuously in two‐biological‐parent families or who experience long‐term re‐partnering are more likely to make postsecondary transfers than Black parents in similar family trajectories. These racial disparities, however, disappear when parents experience trajectories marked by singlehood or nonresidence with children.ConclusionsNuclear family structures matter less for structuring transfers for Black parents in part because gains from romantic partnerships are concentrated among Whites. Implications for reproductions of racial inequalities are discussed.