Nuclear Family Research Articles

Family networks of lesbian and gay people in Switzerland

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the relevance of the family of choice hypothesis in family networks of lesbian and gay individuals living in Switzerland and its implications for their social capital.BackgroundOver the past three decades, family scholars have paid more attention to the emergence of family configurations of LGBTQ+ people that extend beyond the nuclear family and blood kin, with voluntary kin and family of choice playing a key role. However, family networks of lesbian and gay individuals remain an unexplored topic in Switzerland, a country that has taken an extended period to implement institutional acknowledgment of lesbian and gay family rights.MethodPersonal network methods were used to map the main types of family networks of lesbian and gay individuals. In collaboration with an association advocating for lesbian and gay families in Switzerland, the study collected ego‐centered network data on their family.ResultsThe results reveal that the nuclear family holds prominence in many family networks of lesbian and gay people included in the sample, with limited involvement of either blood kin or voluntary kin, which has consequences for their family‐based social capital.ConclusionThe family of choice hypothesis is largely rejected. The focus on the nuclear family is consistent with the late legal recognition of same‐sex marriage and parenthood in Switzerland.ImplicationsThe importance of the nuclear family in the family networks of LGBTQ+ people, as well as the relative diversity of such networks, should be considered by professionals dealing with health and social issues, as well as by legislators, policymakers, and organizations working to promote the family rights of lesbian and gay people and their full social acceptance.

Service users from the Arab minority in Israel working as welfare bureau staff: the advantages of critical practice

ABSTRACT The research describes and explains the critical practices of Arab minority group social workers, who were themselves, or whose nuclear family members were welfare services users in the past. The research derived data from in-depth semi-structured interviews with 17 Arab social workers employed in welfare bureaus in Israel. It was found that most of the participants adopted critical practices to change the professional reality they experienced as service users facing six main players: themselves, service users, their colleagues, management, local and central government. Awareness should be raised concerning the critical contribution of the studied social workers.

US Intangible Economic Cultural Capital (Outline for Characterization)

Countries differ in their prevailing values, norms, traditions, perceptions, etc., what can be called intangible cultural capital. Since economic relations permeate all relationships between people, a special place in cultural capital is occupied by its economic dimension. The United States is, in every sense of the word, a unique country with a distinct economic cultural capital. Its specificity is determined by the fact that this community was formed as a result of multi-tribal and multilingual immigration, adopting the so-called American Creed as a dominant worldview, which is based mainly on the values of British Protestant settlers. With vast untapped natural resources and the complete absence of feudal relations, the newcomers had a wide scope of economic activity with an absolute equality of opportunities. Individualism, partly inherited from the English nuclear family, has risen to become the prevailing principle of their behavior. This individualism, voluntaristic in nature, did not preclude individuals from uniting freely in various social entities, while also allowing for easy separation. Americans placed emphasis in their economic activity on achievement, success, the measure of which was perceived to be wealth. The accumulation of wealth was not and is not condemned; it is believed that its source is primarily the hard work of its owners who perform important social functions (investment, development of new technologies, etc.). Meanwhile, the causes of poverty, both in the past and present, are often seen in the poor people's own misbehavior. One cannot rule out that the active influx of immigrants with different cultural capital may in the future provoke changes in the American Creed.

The intricate dynamics of personality, emotional intelligence, and family in adolescent tendencies towards delinquent-prone behavior

ABSTRACT Delinquent-prone behavior among Indian youth poses a multifaceted challenge shaped by psychosocial factors and evolving behavioral trends. This study aimed to identify key contributors to delinquent-prone behavior among adolescents in conflict with law, examining variables like age, personality traits, emotional intelligence, and family environment. Using purposive sampling, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 106 male adolescents aged 14 to 18 from observation and special homes in Tamil Nadu, India. Findings reveal that age and family structure significantly influence delinquent prone behavior among adolescents. Younger juveniles, aged 14 to 16, are particularly prone to such behavior due to the complexities of adolescence. The nuclear family structure notably impacts deviance. A positive correlation exists between emotional intelligence and a supportive family environment, indicating that juveniles from nurturing backgrounds exhibit better emotional well-being. Additionally, a positive correlation between delinquent prone behavior and personality traits underscores their significant role in delinquency. Understanding these relationships is vital for mitigating such behaviors. The study underscores the importance of personality traits and emotional intelligence as predictive indicators of delinquent prone behavior among juveniles, offering valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and mental health professionals addressing deviance.

Effect of HNF4 on the Process of Liver Cancer and as a Potential Therapeutic Target

As a ligand-dependent transcription factor of the nuclear receptor family, HNF4 can be regulated by a variety of pathways, and can also be recruited to the DNA sequence through a variety of pathways to regulate downstream target genes by virtue of its three-dimensional structure. HNF4 is usually enriched in organs such as the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, kidneys, etc., and mutations in the HNF4A gene can cause lesions in these organs, including diseases such as liver cancer. However, the pathological role of HNF4 in different diseases is not well understood. Previous studies have shown that 12 variants of HNF4 are jointly regulated by the P1/P2 promoters. HNF4 can be recruited to specific DNA sequences by intermediates (including MLL4, KAT2B, etc.) through DNA-binding domain (DBD) after ligand-binding domain (LBD) has bound ligands. The review goes on to enumerate several pathways, pathways in which HNF4A expression is regulated, and HNF4 acts on promoters or enhancers to regulate the expression of downstream target genes. KDM1A regulates the HNF4A expression pathway, mutations in HNF1 POU domain to downregulate HNF4A promoter activity and NRF2-mediated STAT3 activation to silence HNF4A expression through miR-4, and the functional differences of different subtypes of HNF4 regulated by P1/P2, and the interaction between HNF4 and HIC1 affects the function of HNF4 in regulating FUF/FDF. This review aims to stimulate further research on HNF4, and the specific pathogenesis is clearly elucidated to find suitable targets to treat the corresponding diseases.

“I’m not a bad mother:” the experience of stigma among mothers with substance use disorder in the criminal justice system

ABSTRACT This study explores the impacts of stigma on the lives of pregnant and parenting women with substance use disorder (SUD) and justice involvement. We also uncover how some women were able to cope with adversity and take steps to develop resilience. To guide our research, we combined Bos and colleagues’ stigma theory with Windle’s concept of resilience. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 pregnant or parenting women in Western New York to uncover the contextual factors influencing care, resources, and social support. Our findings suggest that the presence of stigma hinders pregnant and parenting women’s access to resources, care, and treatments while reinforcing marginalization, isolation, and continued substance use. Despite these challenges, some participants found ways to navigate and mitigate stigma while promoting resilience. Protective factors and strategies included: maintaining a positive motherhood identity, leveraging social support often outside the nuclear family, and having access to supportive, compassionate justice system resources. Understanding the strategies women with SUD use to overcome adversity can inform approaches that judges, case workers, and health care providers can use to engage and support women in recovery and reduce their experience of stigma.

Gender differences in the prevalence, correlated factors and comorbidity of depression in adolescents: a cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China

BackgroundPrior studies have reported gender differences in the prevalence, comorbidity rates and related factors of depression during adolescence. But the gender differences in depression vary across studies. Besides, the evidence from Chinese adolescent samples is limited. This study aimed to explore gender differences in the depression-related factors, the potential interactions of the associated factors and clinical features of comorbid depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 3,510 participants aged 11 to 16 years from schools (private and public) in Shanghai was conducted with an anonymous paper-and-pencil questionnaire. Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to evaluate depression, anxiety and behavioral and emotional difficulties, respectively. Logistic regression model was used to explore the possible correlated factors of adolescent depression and analyze the interactions of the risk factors.ResultsOur results showed that there was no gender difference in the prevalence rates of depression (χ2 = 0.047, p = 0.83), but the prevalence of depression in females began to exceed that of males at the ages of 15 and 16. The factors associated with depression varied by gender. Private school was a risk factor for depression only in boys (adjusted OR = 1.842 [95% CI, 1.286–2.636]), whereas girls from nuclear families (adjusted OR = 1.631 [95% CI, 1.156–2.300]) and other family structures (adjusted OR = 2.682 [95% CI, 1.502–4.788]) were more likely to experience depression compared to their peers in extended family structures. Interaction analyses showed there was a negative interaction between abnormal peer problems and 7th grade among boys (adjusted OR = 0.288 [95% CI, 0.086–0.951]). Furthermore, comorbidity rates of depression and anxiety were higher in girls than that in boys (χ2 = 14.457, p < 0.001). And girls with comorbidity showed increased SDQ peer problems scores (Z = −3.151, p = 0.002).ConclusionThe findings indicate it is important to develop gender-specific interventions for adolescent depression. And for boys, evaluating peer relationships may be particularly crucial in lower grades. Moreover, recognizing the gender-specific clinical features of comorbid depression and anxiety is important for appropriate clinical diagnosis and targeted treatment.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE IMAGE OF FAMILY IN THE VISUAL CULTURE OF KAZAKHSTAN

This study examines the portrayal of family in Kazakhstan's visual culture, tracing its evolution from traditional to contemporary depictions against a backdrop of socio-political changes. The study establishes why the image of family was marginalized in the Soviet period and has had such an explosive development in contemporary art. The focus of the research is placed on the nuclear family and the interpretation of the theme of family in photography, painting and contemporary art in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to investigate the transformation of the portrayal of family in the transitional period of socio-political changes. To achieve this goal, the comparative-historical method is employed to analyze artworks from the funds of the A. Kasteyev State Museum of Arts and the works of contemporary Kazakh artists over the past 5 years. Findings indicate a re-engagement with pre-Soviet cultural roots juxtaposed against the backdrop of modernity and globalization. The conclusion posits that these changing representations not only reflect the ongoing connection between past and present in Kazakh society but also contribute to a broader understanding of cultural identity and familial concepts, suggesting a dynamic interplay between adherence to tradition and adaptation to contemporary realities.

Scorned Women and Their Protégées: Aunt Betsey, Miss Wade, and Miss Havisham

Abstract: In the characters of Betsy Trotwood, Miss Havisham, and Miss Wade, Dickens created a pattern of a scorned woman who adopts a protégée whom she teaches to hate men. This pattern has four main components. Firstly, the elder woman has had a negative experience with a man that mingles romance and economics. Secondly, the mentor selects a protégée whom she teaches to reject men, and, by extension, the nuclear family. The protégée is somehow disadvantaged in socio-economic terms. Next, the mentor is associated with rage and violence. Finally, both the mentor and mentee either come back into the fold of the patriarchy or are severely punished. Dickens's creation of this pattern is an endorsement of the traditional view that women should be wives and mothers and a rejection of the advent of what, later in the nineteenth century, would be recognized as the "New Woman."

Three Fields Allelic Haplotype Frequencies of HLA‐DPA1 and ‐DPB1 Typed by Next Generation Sequencing of 563 Families in Chinese Han Population

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated the HLA‐DPA1 and ‐DPB1 allele and haplotype frequencies in the Chinese Han population. A total of 563 families, which have been typed for the purpose of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, were included, and three‐field allelic resolution typing of HLA‐DPA1 and ‐DPB1 of all individuals were defined by the next‐generation sequencing method. HLA‐DPA1~DPB1 haplotypes were determined by allele segregation within a nuclear family. A total of 9 HLA‐DPA1 and 39 HLA‐DPB1 alleles, and 62 HLA‐DPA1~DPB1 haplotypes were identified. The three most frequent alleles at HLA‐DPA1 locus are HLA‐DPA1*02:02:02 (46.581%), HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01 (36.456%) and HLA‐DPA1*02:01:01 (12.167%); and the three most frequent HLA‐DPB1 alleles are HLA‐DPB1*05:01:01 (34.014%), HLA‐DPB1*02:01:02 (18.428%) and HLA‐DPB1*04:01:01 (10.124%). The three most frequent haplotypes are HLA‐DPA1*02:02:02~DPB1*05:01:01 (32.327%), HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01 ~ DPB1*02:01:02 (14.654%) and HLA‐DPA1*01:03:01~DPB1*04:01:01 (9.458%). The HLA‐DPA1*02:01~DPB1*02:02 and HLA‐DPA1*04:01~DPB1*05:01 haplotypes appear to be unique in Han Chinese. Strong global linkage disequilibrium (LD) between HLA‐DPA1 and ‐DPB1 was confirmed (D′ = 0.848, Wn = 0.684). Moreover, the haplotype frequencies based on the family study were compared with the frequencies estimated by the expectation–maximisation algorithm, and the equivalent results were obtained except for haplotypes with very low frequencies. Our data provide a solid base for HLA‐DP dimer association studies and useful information for transplantation and disease association studies.

Evaluating oral health status in elderly Irula tribes of Tamil Nadu by using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index

ABSTRACT Introduction: Oral diseases are a significant global health issue, with over 3.5 billion cases worldwide. Caries and periodontitis are primary contributors to tooth loss, which not only incurs significant rehabilitation costs but also profoundly affects overall well-being. Tribal communities represent a notable indigenous segment, comprising 8.6% of India’s total population, primarily concentrated in the central and western regions. This study assesses the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among the elderly Irula population by using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Methods: A cross-sectional research was undertaken in the Irula settlements of Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, focusing on inhabitants over 60 years who had lived there for at least 6 months. People who were chronically ill or who refused to agree were excluded. Data were gathered using a questionnaire that included demographic information, economic status, personal habits, and health issues. OHRQoL was evaluated using the GOHAI, and descriptive statistics such as range, mean, and standard deviation (SD) for continuous variables were used. To account for possible confounders such as age, education, and socioeconomic status, multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression. Results: This study results comprised mostly females (76.4%) and individuals aged 60–64 years (44.8%). Most participants were Hindu (94.1%), married (72.5%), and illiterate (61.9%). A majority lived in nuclear families (87.6%) and were agricultural laborers (60.0%). Many participants never experienced limitations in eating due to dental issues (64.0%). Gender, education, and physical comorbidities significantly influenced OHRQoL, with females and those with higher education reporting better quality of life. Conclusion: The study underscores the significant impact of oral health on the quality of life among the elderly Irula population. Factors such as gender, education, and physical comorbidities play crucial roles in OHRQoL. The findings highlight the need for targeted oral health interventions and further research to address disparities and improve oral health outcomes in this underserved population.

A potential conflict between grandparenthood and the third age lifestyle in the Finnish countryside

Some recent studies on grandparenthood have pointed to a potential conflict between grandparenthood and the ideals of the third age. Retired people are increasingly expected to live up to the ideals of active aging, and many grandparents may wish to demonstrate their agency by getting engaged in various leisure activities, which may reduce their possibilities and motivation to spend time with their grandchildren. We looked at this potential conflict from the perspective of people living in the countryside, where distances to both cultural and other services, and grandchildren, may both be long. We analyzed our interviewees' discursive constructions of their grandparenthood and independent life in the third age as well as the ways in which they negotiated the moral dilemma between the two. The data consisted of 14 telephone interviews with grandparents, aged 66–85, living relatively far from population centers. All interviewees underscored the importance of grandchildren and their willingness to spend time with them, and there were few direct references to the conflict between a committed grandparenthood and a third age lifestyle. However, the interviewees did express ideas related to maintaining certain limits in their grandparenthood to secure their own private lives. A potential conflict between a committed grandparenthood and the third age lifestyle appeared in such situations when grandparents needed to make real choices about how they spend their time, which was mediated by the geographical distances between the generations. The interviewees aimed at balancing between being devoted grandparents and maintaining independence. A familist discourse emphasizing the role of the nuclear family was commonly used to justify keeping a distance between them and the middle generation and grandchildren. The interviews echoed the third age ideals mainly in terms of independence and free time rather than consumption and leisure activities, the availability of which was limited in the countryside.

Physical activity level and quality of life of university employees

The study aims to evaluate the physical activity and quality of life levels of university academic and administrative staff. The universe of the study consisted of 912 personnel, 577 academic and 335 administrative, working at Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University. The study was planned with the general screening method, and the International Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine the physical activity levels of university personnel and the short forms of the quality of life assessment questionnaire (SF-36) were used to determine their quality of life. The surveys were applied online, and SPSS 25.0 statistical program was used in the statistical analysis of the obtained data. Percentage, frequency, chi-square, ANOVA, MANOVA, and post hoc tests were used in the analysis of the data and the significance level was taken as (p<.05). It was observed that 73% of the university academic and administrative staff had postgraduate education, 72% were married and 74% had a nuclear family structure. It was determined that the physical activity levels of academic and administrative staff were not good, and they were not active. However, it was determined that men were more active than women and singles were more active than married. It was observed that only 47 (15%) of the academic and administrative staff had sufficient activity levels and there was no statistically significant difference between the genders (p>0.05). In the comparisons between the groups, a significant difference was observed in the social and mental dimensions in favor of the academic staff (p<0.05). On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the physical, general health, social, and mental dimensions (p>0.05). It was determined that the physical activity levels of the academic and administrative staff were not good, men were more active than women and the quality of life of the academic staff was better.

Urban dynamics and socio-spatial transformations of housing in Djelfa City, Algeria

This study examines the socio-spatial transformations of Djelfa, Algeria in the contexts of its urbanization from 1990 to 2024, focusing on the transition from extended to nuclear family structures and from monocentric to polycentric urban forms. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, including interviews, questionnaires, observations, and data analysis with 200 participants, the research outlines the adaptation of housing and urban space to meet the needs of Djelfa’s growing population. Key findings highlight a dramatic demographic shift marked by a 75.6% increase in population, a reduction in average household size from 6.3 to 4.1, and a 150% surge in the number of households. This demographic expansion has spurred extensive urban expansion, effectively doubling the built-up area and necessitating the development of sub-centres of the city to mitigate pressure on the primary city center (CC). This evolution underscores Djelfa’s progression towards a polycentric urban model, reflecting broader urban space decentralization and diversification trends to improve accessibility and reduce congestion. The study contributes to the understanding of complex effects that urbanization has on social and spatial structures in the Global South, highlighting the critical interplay between demographic shifts, urban planning, and social restructuring. Advocating for strategic, inclusive urban planning and policymaking, the research underscores the importance of addressing the diverse needs of rapidly urbanizing populations, offering invaluable insights into sustainable urban management practices applicable to similar urban scenarios worldwide.

The Ras-related nuclear GTPase RAN1 ensures pollen size and tube growth via maintaining actin cytoskeleton.

Controlling organ size in plants is a complex biological process influenced by various factors, including gene expression, genome ploidy, and environmental conditions. Despite its importance for plant growth and development, the mechanisms underlying organ size regulation remain unknown. Here, we investigated the role of RAN1, a member of the Ras-related nuclear GTPases family, in regulating pollen size. A RAN1 knockdown mutant (ran1-1) exhibited a significant reduction in pollen size, accompanied by impaired germination and reduced pollen tube growth. RAN1 mutation caused disruptions in actin filament organization such as aberrant structure of actin collar due to the dysregulation of actin-binding proteins expression. Furthermore, we identified the transcription activator SHB1 (SHORT HYPOCOTYL UNDER BLUE1), whose mutation showed similar but milder phenotypes in pollens compared to ran1-1. Genetic evidence suggested SHB1 acts downstream of RAN1. Transient expression assays in leaves showed that SHB1 was largely retained in the cytoplasm of the ran1-1 mutant, potentially affecting the expression of actin-binding proteins. These findings highlight the pivotal role of RAN1 in modulating pollen size and development, providing valuable insights into cell size regulation.

Relationship Distance as Facework Strategy: Family Members’ Account for Non-Support to Cancer Patients

ABSTRACT Based on observations and interviews at a comprehensive hospital in China, this study explored how family members engaged in facework to explain their nonsupport to cancer patients. The findings reveal that family members employed relationship distance as a facework strategy in two relationship contexts. In the patient-self dyad, family members used “drawing closer to the patient” (e.g. following the patient’s wishes) and “pulling away from the patient” (e.g. putting the nuclear family first) to account for nonsupport. Within the patient-spouse-adult children-siblings multi-ring relationship, family members in outer circles used “staying away from the patient” and highlighting inner circle roles (e.g. the patient’s siblings narrowly defined the concept of family); those in inner circles used “pulling outer circle roles close to the patient” (e.g. the spouse values the opinion of the adult children or the patient’s siblings); and family members in the same circle highlighted “the same distance with the patient” (e.g. emphasizing the common responsibilities of each child). This study expanded the relationship-centered inquiry into nonsupport from a narrow patient-supporter dyad to a patient-centered, multi-ring relationship network that includes all potential supporters.

MOTHER HAS ARRIVED! Queer Kinship, Care Practices and Reconfigurations of (M)otherhood within Ballroom Culture

This paper uses the documentary Paris is Burning as a case study to explore how ballroom culture allows us to reimagine the notions of motherhood and kinship, challenging the traditional nuclear family model that emerged with capitalism. By examining the chosen families within the ballroom community, the study reveals how these articulations consist in familial bonds based on mutual support and a shared identity and struggle. However, it also critically interrogates queer kinship structures for potentially replicating authoritarian heteronormative dynamics. Hence, the analysis delves into both the liberatory aspects and the constraints of queer kinship. To address these issues, the paper proposes an ethics of care, solidarity, and critical love by advocating for kinship models that emphasize empathy, support, and collective well-being. This proposal aims to foster more inclusive and equitable family structures that resist the power imbalances found in both traditional and alternative kinship systems.

Understanding the liminal situation of lone‐parent and blended families—A review and agenda for work–family research

AbstractThis review takes a transdisciplinary approach to work–family (WF) research, offering new perspectives on different family forms in the context of employment. It focuses on lone‐parents and blended families, highlighting how management research on the WF interface has been constrained by traditional definitions of ‘family’, assuming intact couple relationships. The review shows that the WF experiences of lone‐parents and blended families differ significantly from those of traditional or nuclear families. Our findings demonstrate that blended and lone‐parent families struggle with conventional WF policies based on traditional family forms. These families face four main challenges: (1) complex residential arrangements and relationships with co‐parents; (2) managing (limited) resources; (3) navigating stigma; and (4) narrow cultural scripts defining family roles. Utilizing cross‐domain identity transition theory, we question the traditional ideas at the core of current WF theory. We demonstrate that non‐traditional families occupy a ‘liminal’ WF space due to their more fluid parental, occupational and household identities compared to traditional families. We urge employers and policy makers to recognize and address the distinct WF challenges faced by lone‐parents and blended families. Employers should develop flexible working policies that accommodate complex residential arrangements and provide resources to support lone and blended family structures. Policy makers should consider revising family leave policies to be more inclusive of diverse family forms. Future research should further explore the diverse experiences of employed parents, including those from LGBTQIA+ communities, using our framework, which encourages researchers to think differently regarding existing WF theories through the consideration of our four themes.

Heritability of Alzheimer's disease plasma biomarkers: A nuclear twin family design.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly heritable disease (60%-80%). Amyloid beta (Aβ) 42/40, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are plasma biomarkers for AD. Clinical biomarker research would be served by an understanding of the sources of variance in these markers. Blood concentrations of Aβ42/40, NfL, and GFAP of twins and their families (monozygotic twins: 1574, dizygotic twins: 1266, other: 3657) were analyzed on the Simoa HD-X. Twin-family models were used to estimate proportional genetic contributions to the variance in biomarker levels. Heritability estimates were 16% for Aβ42/40, 42% for NfL, and 60% for GFAP. NfL and GFAP were significantly correlated with each other (0.37) but not with Aβ42/40. The heritability of Aβ42/40 (16%) is lower than the heritability of AD, suggesting strong environmental influences on this biomarker. The lack of correlation between NfL/GFAP and Aβ42/40 indicates these markers may be on different biological pathways. Heritability is found for glial fibrillary acidic protein (60%), neurofilament light chain (42%), and amyloid beta (Aβ) 42/40 (16%) plasma levels. Aβ42/40 plasma levels are sensitive to person-specific environmental influences.

On Bayes factors for hypothesis tests.

We develop alternative families of Bayes factors for use in hypothesis tests as alternatives to the popular default Bayes factors. The alternative Bayes factors are derived for the statistical analyses most commonly used in psychological research - one-sample and two-sample ttests, regression, and ANOVA analyses. They possess the same desirable theoretical and practical properties as the default Bayes factors and satisfy additional theoretical desiderata while mitigating against two features of the default priors that we consider implausible. They can be conveniently computed via an R package that we provide. Furthermore, hypothesis tests based on Bayes factors and those based on significance tests are juxtaposed. This discussion leads to the insight that default Bayes factors as well as the alternative Bayes factors are equivalent to test-statistic-based Bayes factors as proposed by Johnson. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology, 67, 689-701. (2005). We highlight test-statistic-based Bayes factors as a general approach to Bayes-factor computation that is applicable to many hypothesis-testing problems for which an effect-size measure has been proposed and for which test power can be computed.