Synthesis Of NPs Research Articles

Rhein and Emodin anthraquinones of Cassia fistula leaves: HPTLC concurrent estimation, green synthesis of bimetallic ZnO-CuO NPs and anticancer activity against Panc-1 and OVCAR-3 cancer cells

Rhein and Emodin anthraquinones of Cassia fistula leaves: HPTLC concurrent estimation, green synthesis of bimetallic ZnO-CuO NPs and anticancer activity against Panc-1 and OVCAR-3 cancer cells

Efficacy evaluation of hydrogen peroxide disinfectant based zinc oxide nanoparticles against diarrhea causing Escherichia coli in ruminant animals and broiler chickens

Different strains of Escherichia coli that exhibit genetic characteristics linked to diarrhea pose a major threat to both human and animal health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), the genetic linkages and routes of transmission between E. coli isolates from different animal species. The efficiency of disinfectants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Virkon®S, TH4+, nano zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), and H2O2-based zinc oxide nanoparticles (H2O2/ZnO NPs) against isolated strains of E. coli was evaluated. Using 100 fecal samples from different diarrheal species (cow n = 30, sheep n = 40, and broiler chicken n = 30) for E. coli isolation and identification using the entero-bacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC–PCR) fingerprinting technique. The E. coli properties isolated from several diarrheal species were examined for their pathogenicity in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, and particle size distribution were used for the synthesis and characterization of ZnO NPs and H2O2/ZnO NPs. The broth macro-dilution method was used to assess the effectiveness of disinfectants and disinfectant-based nanoparticles against E. coli strains. Regarding the results, the hemolytic activity and Congo red binding assays of pathogenic E. coli isolates were 55.3 and 44.7%, respectively. Eleven virulent E. coli isolates were typed into five ERIC-types (A1, A2, B1, B2, and B3) using the ERIC-PCR method. These types clustered into two main clusters (A and B) with 75% similarity. In conclusion, there was 90% similarity between the sheep samples' ERIC types A1 and A2. On the other hand, 89% of the ERIC types B1, B2, and B3 of cows and poultry samples were comparable. The H2O2/ZnO NPs composite exhibits potential antibacterial action against E. coli isolates at 0.04 mg/ml after 120 min of exposure.

Three accelerated methods based on microwave, hydrothermal and conventional heating in the green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using garlic aqueous extract: Screening and characterization

Selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) have unique biological characteristics, including anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, the green synthesis of Se NPs using plant extracts, due to their natural reductant and stabilizer molecules, can intensify the process with minimal toxic effects on the human body and the environment. Se NPs have been synthesized using an aqueous extract of garlic and three accelerated heating methods based on microwave (800 W for 2.5 min), hydrothermal (temperature and pressure of 121 ºC and 1.5 atm, for 15 min) and conventional (at 150 ºC for 1 h) heating using a heater with stirring. Solution mixtures containing 20 mL of the prepared extract and 5 mL of sodium selenite solution (10 mM) were exposed to these three mentioned heating methods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess characteristics of the formed Se NPs. The results showed that the fabricated Se NPs via microwave, autoclave and conventional heating methods had minimum particle size (107 nm) and polydispersity index (0.155), and maximum zeta potential (-38.7 mV) values. Furthermore, the spherical formed Se NPs using garlic extract and under microwave, conventional and autoclave heating methods had antioxidant activity of 44.2, 34.8 and 32.6 %, respectively. The formed Se NPs also indicated high antibacterial activity toward Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria strains.

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effects of Silver-Copper Nanoparticles Obtained by Green Synthesis Against Streptococcus mutans.

Ag-Cu NPs were synthesized using a green chemical method and characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), ultraviolet-visible (U-vis) spectrophotometer, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. mutans was determined using the broth microdilution method, while the antibiofilm effect was assessed by the crystal violet method. The synthesized Ag-Cu NPs demonstrated antimicrobial activity with an MIC of 128 µg/ml, significantly inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation by up to 94% at a concentration of 256 µg/ml. Characterization studies confirmed the successful synthesis of Ag-Cu NPs with spherical morphology. These findings highlight the potential of Ag-Cu NPs as a novel approach for combating dental caries by targeting S. mutans biofilms. Further research is warranted to explore their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.

Evaluation of ZnO nanoparticles from ‘Monsooned Malabar Robusta Coffee’ husk as a potential antioxidant and biocidal candidate: A sustainable valorization approach

Nanotechnology has become a sustainable strategy to combat drug resistance. As agro-waste management has become a concern, efficient management of produced waste has been an imposing global issue. This study evaluated antioxidant, as well as antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized by hydrothermal approach using ethanolic extract of ‘Monsooned Malabar Robusta coffee’ husk against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The fabrication of ZnO NPs was confirmed by spectroscopy, whereas thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermogravimetric analysis confirmed stability of ZnO NPs, while the X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the wurtzite crystalline structure. The agglomerated nature of ZnO NPs with a nearly spherical shape was evident with scanning electron microscopy, whereas transmission electron microscopy revealed a poly-crystalline nature with a mean diameter of 26.33 ± 3.778 nm. The microbroth dilution technique revealed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 μg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 500 μg/mL for the ZnO NPs. Furthermore, ZnO NPs exhibited significant antibiofilm activity against the MDR-test strains. Moreover, ZnO NPs were tested safe at MIC and MBC doses in chicken erythrocytes, and commensal gut microflora tested were not inhibited. Besides, a dose-dependent antioxidant property was exhibited by ZnO NPs. Additionally, in vitro time-kill kinetic assay of MDR-test strains treated with ZnO NPs revealed a complete bacterial clearance at 24 h. Overall, the synthesis of ZnO NPs from coffee husk demonstrated a simple, eco-friendly and valorization approach that could be devised as a potential delivery molecule.

Synthesis of multifunctional silver oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide and gold nanoparticles for enhanced antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens and antioxidant, anticancer activities using Momordica cymbalaria seed extract

Rising emergence in public health due to antibiotic-resistant of ESKAPE pathogens, diseases related to oxidative damage and cancer has driven the urgent need to develop potent therapeutics for resistant bacterial strains, free radical scavenging and cancer. The present study involves Momordica cymbalaria seed extracts mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles and to evaluate its ameliorative potency against ESKAPE pathogens, free radicals and cancer cells. The study includes therapeutic approaches to target pathogenic biofilms relating phyto-therapeutics with nanotechnology. In the present investigation, we have synthesized four metal oxide nanoparticles of Silver, Zinc, Copper (Ag2O, ZnO and CuO), and Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) using the seed extracts of M. cymbalaria. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by various biophysical techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) with Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED). Agar well diffusion methods, or Antimicrobial methods (MIC, MBC, and MBIC), DPPH/ABTS free radical scavenging assay, MTT/apoptotic studies and protein/DNA damage inhibition assays were performed to evaluate the antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. Crystalline properties of metal oxides NPs were established by XRD pattern and the presence of alcohol or phenol, ketone, and amine groups in M. cymbalaria seed was confirmed by FTIR analysis. That participates in the reduction of Ag+, Cu+, Zn+, and Au+ ions to NPs. All the nanoparticles showed dose-dependent antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activity. Protein and DNA oxidation inhibition assays demonstrated an efficient quenching effect of proxy radicals by all the NPs. Therefore, M. cymbalaria -mediated synthesis of metal NPs can be used as an alternative to toxic physical or chemically mediated synthesis that can be applied to develop multifunctional nanoparticles as efficient therapeutics.

Advancing colorectal cancer therapy with biosynthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticles: a study on their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer efficacy

BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Traditional chemotherapy, while effective, often results in significant side effects, highlighting the need for more efficient cancer therapies. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of strategies that aim to minimize toxicity to normal cells by more precise targeting of cancer cells. In this context, cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) have shown promising anticancer potential. Our study focuses on evaluating the antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of Co3O4 NPs synthesized using Vibrio sp. VLC, a bioluminescent bacterium.ResultsXRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of Co3O4 NPs, which displayed spherical morphology with an average diameter of 60 nm. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The MTT assay indicated that the NPs caused dose- and time-dependent toxicity against CT26 cells, while exhibiting relatively lower toxicity towards normal cells. In vivo experiments further confirmed the significant tumor suppressive effects in BALB/c mice, with minimal side effects on the liver, spleen, and kidney tissues compared to the widespread toxicity of cisplatin.ConclusionThis study verifies the successful synthesis of Co3O4 NPs and their potent antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities. The biosynthesized Co3O4 NPs represent a promising targeted method for CRC therapy. However, further research is needed to elucidate their mechanism of action and also their application in the clinical phase.Graphical

Iron oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Mentha spicata extract and evaluation of its antibacterial, cytotoxicity and antimigratory potential on highly metastatic human breast cells

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) were synthesized utilizing Mentha spicata sourced from Cyprus as a stabilizing agent. The study delved into assessing the antimicrobial, cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory potential of Fe2O3 NPs through disc diffusion, trypan blue, and 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]−2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, respectively. Characterization of the synthesized Fe2O3 NPs was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis spectroscopy (UV–vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX spectra confirmed the successful formation of Fe2O3 NPs. The analysis of UV–vis spectra indicates an absorption peak at 302 nm, thereby confirming both the successful synthesis and remarkable stability of the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles exhibited uniform spherical morphology and contained Fe, O, and N, indicating the synthesis of Fe2O3 NPs. Additionally, the Fe2O3 NPs formed through biosynthesis demonstrated antimicrobial capabilities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. The significant anti-migratory potential on MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells was observed with lower concentrations of the biosynthesized Fe2O3 NPs, and higher concentrations revealed cytotoxic effects on the cells with an IC50 of 95.7 μg/ml. Stable Fe2O3 NPs were synthesized using Mentha spicata aqueous extract, and it revealed antimicrobial activity on E. coli and B. cereus, cytotoxic, anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effect on highly metastatic human breast cancer cell lines.

Green Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Using Numerous Plants: A Review

Nanotechnology deals with the production and usage of material with nanoscale dimension. The nanoscale dimension provides nanoparticles with a large surface area to volume ratio and thus very specific properties. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) had been in recent studies due to its large bandwidth and high exaction binding energy and it has potential applications like antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, antiinflammatory, wound healing, antioxidant and optic properties. Due to the large rate of toxic chemicals and extreme environment employed in the physical and chemical production of these NPs, green methods employing the use of plants, fungus, bacteria and algae have been adopted. This review is a comprehensive study of the synthesis and characterization methods used for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs using different biological sources.

Facile Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles From Sustainable Sargassum sp. Seaweed Material and Its Anti-inflammatory Application.

Background Sustainable and environmentally friendly methods of producing nanoparticles are now being investigated by scientists. Because there are so many marine renewable resources, scientists are focusing their attention on studying seagrass, seaweed, mangroves, marine macroalgae, and microalgae. An exciting new frontier in research involves the synthesis ofnanoparticles using extracts from seaweed. Seaweed extracts are utilized to synthesize silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which serve as both reducing and stabilizing agents. Seaweed extracts possess bioactive substances like proteins, polysaccharides, and polyphenols that enable them to effectively convert silver (Ag+) ions intoAg NPs.Ag NPs derived fromSargassum seaweed have played an essential role in improving the anti-inflammatory properties of seaweed extracts. This study aimed to investigate thebiosynthesis of Ag NPs fromSargassumseaweed and evaluate their anti-inflammatory properties. Materials and methods About 50 g of seaweed samples were mixed with 100 mL of distilled water and stirred for 24 hours. Additionally, 1.2g of silver nitrate (0.120 M) was dissolvedin 60 mL of distilled water to make a silver (Ag) solution. A 60 mL solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3) was mixed with a 40 mL solution of seaweed extract in water, and the mixture was stirred with a stirrer for 24 hours.A UV spectrophotometer was used to regularly monitor the reduction ofAg+ ions in the solution. Ag NPs were purified using a sequence of centrifugation steps with a duration of 10 minutes at a speed of 2500 revolutions per minute (rpm). To remove moisture from the water-suspended nanoparticles, they were vacuum-dried for 24 hours. Results The synthesis of Ag NPsfrom seaweed extract resulted in a noticeable change in the color of the mixture, which went from pale to brown. The alteration in color signifies the reduction of AgNO3 to Ag+ ions, facilitating the creation of Ag NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement verified the remarkable crystallinity of the synthesized Ag NPs. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images indicated a spherical, homogeneous structure. The Ag NPs derived from seaweed exhibited significant anti-inflammatory characteristics. Conclusion Utilizing Sargassum sp. seaweed in the biological synthesis of Ag NPs shows promiseto develop nanomaterials that canexhibit anti-inflammatory effects. This technique has benefits, such as being environmentally friendly and cost-efficient. Additional research in this area is essential for effectively exploiting the potential of Ag NPs in anti-inflammatory activity.

Green synthesis and characterization of Zirconium Oxide with antimicrobial activities

Green synthesis methods have garnered considerable attention due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature. In this study, we report a green synthesis approach to fabricate Zirconium Oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) using cinnamon extract and citric acid as reducing and stabilizing agents. The green synthesis process was carried out through a sol-gel reaction method. The obtained ZrO2 NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Vis, XRD and FTIR. The characterization results confirmed the successful synthesis of crystalline ZrO2 NPs with a narrow size distribution and the presence of functional groups from cinnamon and citric acid on the NP surface. The synthesized ZrO2 NPs were further investigated for their antimicrobial properties against bacteria and fungi. The results demonstrated potent antibacterial and antifungal activities of the green-synthesized ZrO2 NPs. Overall; this study showcases a green and sustainable approach to synthesize ZrO2 NPs using cinnamon extract and citric acid as reducing and stabilizing agents. The resulting ZrO2 NPs exhibited promising antibacterial and antifungal properties, making them potential candidates for various biomedical and environmental applications, particularly in the development of novel antimicrobial agents and coatings.

Quince (Cydonia oblonga) seed hydrogel-based green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange

Organic dyes discharged from various industries pose a significant hazard to humans and the environment, and a valid approach is needed to remove dangerous and harmful substances from industrial effluents. The present study synthesized novel CuO nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using a hydrogel derived from C. oblonga seeds. The green synthesis of NPs was confirmed visually by the formation of black precipitates. The as-prepared NPs exhibited a prominent peak at wavelength 379 nm and an estimated band gap energy value of 4.23 eV. FTIR analysis revealed a distinguishing peak at 594 cm−1 due to Cu-O stretching vibrations. The SEM images showed sheet-like NPs with an average size of 69 nm. Further, the EDX spectrum disclosed copper (31.1%) and oxygen (32.6%) as main elements. At optimized reaction conditions of irradiation time (120 min), catalyst load (5.0 mg), and dye solution (10 ppm), CuO NPs demonstrated significant degradation of methylene blue (88.2%) and methyl orange (83.1%), following pseudo-first-order kinetics. CuO NPs retained over 70% of their initial photocatalytic efficiency for up to three repetition cycles. Hence, C. oblonga seed hydrogel could be an excellent biomaterial for developing green, sustainable, and recyclable photocatalysts for environmentally favorable applications.

Biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Tecoma stans flower extract and its antibacterial, anticancer, and photocatalytic activities

Now a days, green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles obtained huge special attention owing to their safe, biocompatible and biodegradable nature. Here, we describe the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) using Tecoma stans (T. stans) flower extract. The physico-chemical properties of the CuO NPs were studied using different characterization techniques. The UV Visible spectrum showed a characteristic peak at 360 nm confirming the synthesis of green CuO NPs. FE-SEM study clearly indicated that synthesized CuO NPs are in spherical shaped morphologies. The green synthesized CuO NPs were carried out bactericidal activity against various clinical pathogens by agar well diffusion techniques. Interestingly, CuO NPs were exhibited very good bacterial killing efficiency against of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The in vitro anticancer activity of the T. stans flower mediated CuO NPs were tested against A549 lung cancer cell line. Further, AO/EtBr staining assay used to determine the apoptotic changes in cancer cell treated with CuO NPs were identified by fluorescence microscopy. The dye-degrading capability of the synthesized CuO NPs were assessed against methylene blue dye (MB) molecules. Finally, this study reveals that the synthesized nanomaterials could performed as a promising candidate in numerous biomedical applications like antimicrobial, anticancer, and dye degradation system.

Green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles in Callistemon viminalis extracts and their antimicrobial activities.

In the current study, the bottlebrush [Callistemon viminalis (Sol. ex Gaertn.) G. Don] plant was selected for the green synthesis of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles and to evaluate its antibacterial and antifungal activities. Phytochemical screening of C. viminalis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, betacyanins, phlobatanins, coumarins, terpenoids, steroids, glycosides, and proteins. To characterize the synthesized Ag and Au NPs, UV-Visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy for functional group identification, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) for particle size, and elemental analysis were performed using EDX. The UV-Visible absorption spectra of the green-synthesized Ag and Au nanoparticles were found to have a maximum absorption band at 420 nm for Ag NPs and 525 nm for Au NPs. FE-SEM analysis of the synthesized NPs revealed a circular shape with a size of 100 nm. Elemental analysis was performed for the synthesis of Ag and Au NPs, which confirmed the purity of the nanoparticles. The greenly synthesized Ag and Au NPs were also evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities, which exhibited prominent inhibition activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, C. krusei, Aspergillus sp., and Trichoderma species. The highest zone of inhibition 15.5±0.75 and 15±0.85mm was observed for Ag NPs against E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Similarly, Trichoderma sp. and Aspergillus sp. were inhibited by Ag NPs up to 13.5±0.95 and 13±0.70mm. This work will open doors for the development of new antimicrobial agents using green chemistry.

Modifying the aquatic toxicity of Co3O4 nanoparticles in exposed microalgae by CTAB mediated synthesis

Besides unique physical and chemical properties, Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4 NPs) are ecotoxic in nature that limits their industrial applications. The present work assesses the ecotoxic effects of Co3O4 NPs in aquatic environments. Chlorella minutissima (freshwater microalgae) and Tetraselmis suecica (marine microalgae) were used as aquatic test species. Two forms of Co3O4 NPs were used; one was synthesized with CTAB (COCTAB NPs) and the other without CTAB (CO NPs). NPs were synthesized with the chemical co-precipitation method and further characterized. The average crystallite size of CO NPs and COCTAB NPs were 12–18 nm and 22–28 nm respectively. Aggregation occurred with both NPs but the increased hydrodynamic size was measured with COCTAB NPs in BG 11 (1465 nm) and f/2 media (1951 nm). The interaction of COCTAB NPs with microalgae showed a lower % growth inhibition effect than CO NPs. The 72 h EC 50 (effective concentration of a chemical having 50% of its impact) of COCTAB NPs for C. minutissima (50.71 mg/L) and T. suecica (63.92 mg/L) was higher than the corresponding EC 50 of CO NPs. Further, % chlorophyll – a content and % LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) release retained less affected in microalgae treated with COCTAB NPs. FTIR spectra and Zeta potential revealed that the use of CTAB in CO3O4 NPs synthesis has lowered toxicity possibly by preventing the cellular attachment of NPs and its ionic dissolution. The increased hydrodynamic size and colloidal instability also restricted the NPs from binding with cells crossing membrane barrier and causing any internal damage.

Recycled or Bio-Based Solvents for the Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles: Characterization and Validation in Organic Solar Cells.

Among solution-processable metal oxides, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle inks are widely used in inverted organic solar cells for the preparation, at relatively low temperatures (<120 °C), of highly efficient electron-transporting layers. There is, however, a recent interest to develop more sustainable and less impacting methods/strategies for the preparation of ZnO NPs with controlled properties and improved performance. To this end, we report here the synthesis and characterization of ZnO NPs obtained using alternative reaction solvents derived from renewable or recycled sources. In detail, we use (i) recycled methanol (r-MeOH) to close the loop and minimize wastes or (ii) bioethanol (b-EtOH) to prove the effectiveness of a bio-based solvent. The effect of r-MeOH and b-EtOH on the optical, morphological, and electronic properties of the resulting ZnO NPs, both in solution and thin-films, is investigated, discussed, and compared to an analogous reference material. Moreover, to validate the properties of the resulting materials, we have prepared PTB7:PC71BM-based solar cells containing the different ZnO NPs as a cathode interlayer. Power conversion efficiencies comparable to the reference system (≈7%) were obtained, validating the proposed alternative and more sustainable approach.

Effect of Pt nanoparticle size on resistance to chloride-induced inhibition for hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene in water

Catalysts used for hydrodechlorination (HDC) of trichloroethylene (TCE) undergo partial or complete loss of catalytic activity due to inhibition by inevitable reaction product HCl. Changing the size of Pt NPs could be used as a strategy to prevent inhibition of HDC catalysts if the structure sensitivity of the reaction was known. This study aims to obtain structure-sensitivity of aqueous-phase HDC of TCE and investigate the effect of Pt NPs’ size on resistance to chloride inhibition. The research encompassed the synthesis of Pt NPs, characterization studies, and catalytic activity measurements at 30 °C & 1 atm H2 in batch or discontinuous pulse mode. Characterization results showed that targeted Pt NPs were successfully synthesized with average particle sizes of 3.0 nm, 5.8 nm, 8.9 nm, and 60.9 nm. Catalytic activity experiments revealed that initial turnover frequency values exhibited a decrease with increasing particle size of Pt NPs, indicating that aqueous-phase HDC of TCE is a structure sensitive reaction. The fastest kinetics and the highest resistance to HCl inhibition were observed over the smallest Pt NPs employed in this study. This information can serve as a rational synthesis parameter for designing catalysts that could mitigate chloride inhibition caused by the reaction product HCl.

Biogenic synthesis of Mn3O4 NPs using Phyllanthus emblica leaf extract for electrochemical sensing of urea

Green synthesis integrates green chemistry, environmental remediation, and nanotechnology, focusing on biogenic manganese oxide nanoparticles. This method promotes advanced techniques for human health and safety by minimizing the use of chemical reagents. Herein Phyllanthus emblica leaf extract was used for producing biogenic manganese oxide nanoparticles (B-Mn3O4 NPs), which serve as a reducing, capping, and stabilizing agent in the reaction. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), FTIR, UV–visible, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis were used to investigate the structural, morphological, and spectroscopic studies of Mn3O4 NPs. These analyses confirmed the formation of a single-phase Mn3O4 tetragonal structure. The characterization results indicated that biogenic materials are heterogeneous, making them suitable candidates for electrochemical sensing of urea. This study utilizes urease enzyme to enhance the selectivity, sensitivity, and specificity of B-Mn3O4 NPs-modified electrode towards urea sensing, considering its impact on human health. The selection of the urea analyte arises from the urgent requirement to monitor environmental contamination with urea, which directly affects human health at higher concentrations. To monitor contaminated environments, this study developed ultrasensitive urea biosensors that achieved high sensitivity (2.33 µA µM−1cm−2) and selectivity with a low detection limit (0.0276 µM).

Silver‐doped alginate cryogels as new generation current collectors for lithium‐ion batteries: Structural and electrochemical analysis

AbstractThe development of next‐generation materials for essential components in lithium‐ion batteries, such as collectors, is crucial owing to considerations of performance, cost, and environmental impact. From this perspective, new‐generation material studies are being carried out to increase the performance of current collectors and reduce environmental damage. In this study, a novel biodegradable Ag nanoparticle‐doped calcium alginate cryogel was produced and used as the current collector for Li‐ion batteries to improve performance, reduce environmental damage, and develop new‐generation batteries. The synthesis of Ag NPs was achieved using an inexpensive and environmentally friendly chemical reduction method, followed by their incorporation into the gels. Freeze‐drying was employed to obtain cryogels without the inclusions on the current collector. Structural analysis of both the particles and gels was performed via XRD, SEM, EDS, and FTIR, DSC respectively. The results showed that the synthesized Ag NPs were spherical with an average diameter of 10 nm. The cryogels exhibited desirable chemical structures, as indicated by FTIR analysis. The addition of Ag NPs led to changes in peak positions and intensities, indicating crosslinking homogenization and increased hydrophobicity. Galvanostatic Charge/Discharge Analysis was conducted to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the cryogels as current collectors. The cryogels demonstrated balanced lithiation/delithiation behavior but had a limited operational duration, likely due to structural instability. Postmortem analysis conducted by FTIR and DSC analysis for disassembled cryogels showed the presence of lithium salts from the electrolyte in the structure, and the usage of a solid electrolyte was recommended to improve the system's performance.

Facile Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Impact on Cytotoxicity, Antioxidative Properties and Bactericidal Activity.

Bioreductive processes are quite potent, effective and affordable for the synthesis of green nanoparticles (NPs), as compared to the physical and chemical methods. The present study aimed to evaluate the bactericidal, antioxidative and anticancer activity of turmeric rhizome-iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) derived from the turmeric rhizome (Curcuma amada) using ferric chloride as a precursor. With focusing on the manufacture of FeONPs via green approach, we characterized the NPs using FTIR, FT-Vis, DLS, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The produced particles were tested for antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. The synthesized NPs were also examined using the MDA-MB-231 human epithelial breast cancer cell line and NCI-60 cancer cell lines. The antioxidant activity of TR-FeONPs was concentration-dependent. The scavenging activity of TR-FeONPs was 76.09% at a concentration of 140 µg/ml. Using different concentrations of TR-FeONPs in the MTT assay against the MDA-MB-231 cell line indicated a reduction of less than 50% in cell viability at 125 µg/ml. Moreover, TR-FeONPs exhibited an effective bactericidal property. The gTR-FeONPs synthesized bioreductively were found to be effective in renal cancer, UO-31 cell line, with GI50 value of 66.64%. Our study showcases a sustainable method based on green chemistry principles to produce FeONPs utilizing turmeric rhizome. We anticipate that the FeONPs produced through this biosynthesis process could serve as a promising drug delivery system in cancer treatment and as an effective antimicrobial agent against various diseases.