Application Of NPK Fertilizer Research Articles

The Application of Chicken Manure and NPK Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Shallot Plant in Tidal Land of Banyuasin Regency

The aim of the study was to obtain proper technique for cultivating shallots of Bima Brebes variety through the use of chicken manure and NPK fertilizer on tidal land. The research was located on tidal land in Sukatani Village, Tanjung Lago District, Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, located at a position of 1.30° – 4.0° South Latitude and 104° 00' – 105° 35' East Longitude. The study used a randomized block design with one treatment factor and three replicates. The treatment was the dose of organic chicken manure with 5 levels, namely P0 = no chicken manure; P1 = 10 tons of manure per hectare; P2 = 15 tons of manure per hectare; P3 = 20 tons of manure per hectare; P4 = 25 tons of manure manure per hectare. Each treatment was mixed with NPK fertilizer at a dose of 200 kg NPK ha-1 (M). Data analysis was carried out by analysis of variance using F test and least significance difference (LSD) test. The variables observed were leaf length, leaf number, plant dry weight, specific leaf area, specific leaf weight, root-shoot ratio, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, bulb fresh weight, bulb number, bulb diameter, bulb dry weight, and percentage of bulb shrinkage. The results showed that the use of chicken manure 10 tons/ha and 200 kg NPK/ha affected the growth of shallots on leaf length, root-shoot ratio, relative growth rate, bulb fresh weight and bulb dry weight. It was then concluded that it can increase the growth and yield of shallots of Bima Brebes variety on tidal land.

The Behavior of Ammonium Exchange (Q/I) in Soil, Nitrogen and Carbon Uptake, and Mung Beans (Vigna Radiata L.) Yields as Affected by Tillage and Fertilization at the Sixth Planting Period in Ultisol Soil

Ultisol soil has a low organic matter content, CEC, and pH, causing an insufficient buffering capacity for N nutrients, especially NH4+. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tillage and fertilization on the quantity and intensity (Q/I) of Ammonium (CRNH40, PBCNH4+, NH40, KG) in the soil, plant N and C uptake, and mung bean yields at the sixth growing season in ultisols. This study was arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial in a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was the tillage system (T), namely minimum tillage (T0) and intensive tillage (T1). The second factor was the fertilization (P), namely without fertilizer application (P0), and with fertilizer application (NPK 200 kg ha-1 + 1 Mg ha-1 chicken manure) (P1). Each treatment was replicated four times. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer significantly affected the mung bean yield, mung bean plant Nitrogen and Carbon uptake at harvest time. While, the intensive tillage had a very significant effect on increasing the N uptake compared to the minimum tillage. Minimum tillage and fertilization increased Q/I parameters (PBCNH4+, KG, CRNH40, and NH40). The parameter of Q/I (CRNH40) was significantly correlated with mung bean plant N and C uptake. PBCNH4+ and KG were significantly correlated with mung bean yields.

Short-term responses of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) to the individual and combinatorial effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium and silicon in the soil contaminated by boron.

While of lesser prevalence than boron (B) deficient soils, B-rich soils are important to study as they can cause B toxicity in the field and subsequently decrease crop yields in different regions of the world. We have conducted the present study to examine the role of the individual or combined application of silicon (Si) and NPK fertilizer in B-stressed spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.). S. oleracea seedlings were subjected to different NPK fertilizers, namely, low NPK (30 kg ha–2) and normal NPK (60 kg ha–2)], which were also supplemented by Si (3 mmol L–1), for varying levels of B in the soil i.e., 0, 250, and 500 mg kg–1. Our results illustrated that the increasing levels of B in the soil caused a substantial decrease in the plant height, number of leaves, number of stems, leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid content, net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, magnesium content in the roots, magnesium contents in the shoots, phosphorus content in the roots, phosphorus content in the leaves in the shoots, iron content in the roots, iron content in the shoots, calcium content in the roots, and calcium content in the shoots. However, B toxicity in the soil increased the concentration of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and electrolyte leakage which were also manifested by the increasing activities of enzymatic [superoxidase dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX)], and non-enzymatic antioxidants (phenolic, flavonoid, ascorbic acid, and anthocyanin content). B toxicity in the soil further increased the concentration of organic acids in the roots such as oxalic acid, malic acid, formic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and fumaric acid. The addition of Si and fertilizer levels in the soil significantly alleviated B toxicity effects on S. oleracea by improving photosynthetic capacity and ultimately plant growth. The increased activity of antioxidant enzymes in Si and NPK-treated plants seems to play a role in capturing stress-induced reactive oxygen species, as was evident from the lower levels of oxidative stress indicators, organic acid exudation, and B concentration in the roots and shoots of Si and NPK-treated plants. Research findings, therefore, suggested that the Si and NPK application can ameliorate B toxicity in S. oleracea seedlings and result in improved plant growth and composition under metal stress as depicted by the balanced exudation of organic acids.

EFFECT OF NPK AND ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND SEED OIL CONTENT OF RAPESEED (Brassica napus L.)

This study was conducted at two different research fields (Kanipanka and Qlyasan), at the Kurdistan region of Iraq during winter season (2019- 2020) to investigate the effects of NPK and organic fertilizer application on seed yield and its components, protein, oil content, oil yield, and some fatty acid compositions. The experimental design was a complete block design with three replications. The application of (0.00, 40, 80, and 120 kg NPK ha-1) are the main plots. While three applications of (0.00, 600, 1200 kg organic fertilizer ha-1) for subplots. The 120 kg NPK ha-1 had highest seed and oil yield of 2474.178, and 793.249 kg ha-1, respectively, the average of both locations. The application of 1200 kg organic fertilizer ha-1 gave the maximum seed yield, the oil yield of 2172.642, and 719.463 kg ha-1, respectively, for the average of both locations. Results showed the significant effect of NPK and organic fertilizer applications on the percentage of oleic, linoleic, and stearic acids. The study was proved the significant and highest oil yield when NPK application rate increased from 40 to 120 kg ha-1 and from 600 to 1200 kg organic fertilizer ha-1.

PENGARUH BERBAGAI KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM DAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK NPK MUTIARA (16:16:16) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum l.)

Shallots are one of the leading horticultural commodities that have been cultivated by farmers for a long time. Constraints in the cultivation of shallots in Indonesia are environmental conditions such as soil types. This study aims to determine the effect of the type of planting medium and the application of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.). This research is conducted at Caping Merapi which is located at Jl. Raya Tajem KM 2.5, Wedomartani, Ngemplak, Sleman, D.I.Yogyakarta from November 2021 to January 2022. The research design used was a split-plot design using 2 factors: the dose of NPK fertilizer and the composition of the growing media. The main plot is NPK fertilizer and the sub-plot is the type of planting media. The data obtained are analyzed using variance (Anova). The results of the variance showed a significant effect, then continued with the Duncan test (DMRT) with a 5% level. The results show that there is no interaction between the treatment of the type of planting media and the dose of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallots. The effect of giving the type of peat soil planting media was better on plant height and number of leaves. The application of 15 grams/plant was better for the number of leaves, number of tillers, fresh weight of leaves, fresh weight of tubers, and number of tubers.
 
 Keywords: Shallots, NPK, Regosol Soil, Peat

Effects of Soil Texture and Nutrients Application On Soybean Nutrient Uptake, Growth and Yield Response

Soybean is a good source of protein and calories and therefore important for food security. Soybean yields in small scale farmers field stand at less than 1.0 t ha-1 against a potential of 3 to 3.6 t ha-1. This has been attributed to low soil fertility. Although a lot of work has been carried out on Soybean nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrition, but research findings indicate that yields are still low, raising suspicion that other nutrients could also be limiting. To investigate this, a nutrient omission trial was used in the greenhouse to find out the nutrients that limit soybean production in four distinct soil textures - clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy clay and sandy loam following the recommended rate of 20:40:20:5:20 Kg/ha for N,P,K,Zn, and S respectively. Similarly we applied 1 ton/ha of poultry manure with thirty six treatments combinations arranged in a completely randomized design. The results revealed that soybean performance and nutrient uptake varied significantly (p<0.05) between the soil texture andnutrients application. Sandy clay loam and sandy loam textures respond significantly to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and manure application whereas zinc and NPK nutrients limits soybean performance and uptake in sandy clay and clay loam soils. In conclusion, to increase soybean production in sandy loam and clay loam of Sudan savanna of Nigeria, fertilizer formulations containing N, P, K and Zn should be used. Manure may be used to improve soybean production in sandy clay and sandy clay loam together with application of NPK fertilizer.

Co-application of compost or inorganic NPK fertilizer with biochar influences soil quality, grain yield and net income of rice

Most agricultural soils in sub-Saharan Africa are degraded, compromising the grain yield of rice and farmers return on investment. A 3-year field study was undertaken to explore the effect of the application of compost or inorganic NPK fertilizer applied alone or in combination with biochar on soil quality, grain yield of rice and net income. The five treatments were laid out using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments were applied to supply approximately 75 kg N ha–1. The best fertilizer input was compost+biochar which resulted in the greatest improvement in soil physico-chemical properties by reducing bulk density and increasing porosity and moisture retention, organic matter content, percent nitrogen, available phosphorus and cation exchange capacity. Apart from treatment with inorganic fertilizer alone, treated soils showed a decrease in pH. Bacterial and fungal counts and basal respiration decreased in soils in the following order: compost+biochar>compost only>inorganic NPK fertilizer+biochar>inorganic NPK fertilizer>control. The increase in pooled grain yield and net income in response to treatment followed the order: compost+biochar>NPK+biochar>NPK>compost>control. The findings suggest that the use of compost or NPK alone might improve soil quality and increase grain yield and net income, but it is greatly recommended to co-apply these fertilisers with biochar.

English

This study investigated the effects of intercropping, liming, and NPK fertilizer application on soil pH, available soil phosphorus (P), and total soil nitrogen (N) in potato production system during a two season’s field experiment in Molo sub-county, Kenya. A randomized complete block design with a split-split plot arrangement of treatments and three replicates was used. Main plot factors were NPK fertilizer levels (0 and 0.2 t ha-1). Lime rates (0 and 2 t ha-1) formed the sub-plots and cropping system (sole potato and Potato-Dolichos intercrop) the sub-sub plots. Application of lime increased the soil pH by 0.34 over the control. Sole NPK fertilizer application reduced the soil pH by 2% when compared to the control. Combined application of NPK fertilizer with lime increased soil available P by 6.5, 8 and 6 mg kg-1, and 20.41, 3.91 and 3.58 mg kg-1 in the first and second season over the control, sole lime and sole fertilizer application, respectively. Application of NPK fertilizer under the Potato-Dolichos intercrop increased the total soil N by 0.08% over the control. The study concluded that intercropping, application of lime and NPK fertilizer to mollic Andosols of Molo Kenya is important in increasing soil pH, available P and total N. Key words: Available P, dolichos, lime, NPK fertilizer, pH, total N.

Impact of NPK fertilization on hazelnut yield and soil chemical-microbiological properties of Hazelnut Orchards in Western Georgia

In this study, the effects of ground and foliar applications of the NPK fertilizers in hazelnut orchards on the soil chemical and microbiological properties and hazelnut yield were investigated. The fertilization practicesses from ground were done two times using NPK (20:10:10 +trace elements) on March and May while the fertilization practices from leaf were done three times using NK (15:12 +trace elements) on May, June and July at six different hazelnut orchards located on Samegrelo, Guria and Adjara regions in Western Georgia in 2018. The alkaline characterized fertilizer applications from soil generally increased soil reaction (pH), nutrient contents and EC values in different magnitude depends on the soil characteristics of locations. The lowest soil pH (4,40) and EC (0,107 dS m-1) values showed the highest increment (10,7% and 77,6%, respectively) over the control. The basal soil respiration and Cmic values of all hazelnut orchards were generally increased by the NPK ferilization. Increasing soil pH and EC by the fertilization also increased CA and DHA activity. The mean values of percent increase in yield and yield parameters by the NPK fertilization were obtained as 8,3% in yield, 13,3% in shelled nut weight, 10,0% in kernel weight and 5,1% in percent kernel efficiency. The hazelnut yield value had significant positive correlation with soil pH (0,669*), EC (0,652*) and Cmic (0,620*) values. The foliar fertilization and improving the soil properties of hazelnut orchards by the application of alkaline characteristic NPK fertilizer from soil increased hazelnut yield and yield parameters compare with the farmer applications or control treatments. The increments in soil microbiological properties and nutrients are considered as a desirable result in terms of sustainable soil management and plant nutrition for hazelnut orchards.

Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Cabai Rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) di Tanah Marginal

Cayenne pepper is known as one of main commodities which is often used as food seasoning in Indonesia. The growth of cayenne pepper plant is strongly influenced by fertilizer application. It is because the addition of fertilizer will increase the productivity of cayenne pepper. This research had aim to determine the effect of NPK fertilizer dosage on cayenne pepper vegetative growth at marginal field. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) with 5 replications. The treatments were conducted i.e. P0 = Control, P1 = 2.5 grams of NPK, P2 = 5 grams of NPK, P3 = 7.5 grams of NPK, and P4 = 10 grams of NPK. Parameters were observed i.e. plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf width, leaf length and number of flowers. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, then it were continued with DMRT test. The results showed that the dose of NPK fertilizer had a significant effect in line with the increase in the dose of NPK on the vegetative growth of cayenne pepper plants. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on plant height was 29.37% higher than without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on plant stem diameters was 25.86% wider than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on the number of leaves was 36.89% more than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on leaf width was 16.25% wider than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on leaf length was 23.97% longer than it was without treatment. The Application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams on the number of flowers was 90.93% more than it was without treatment. The P4 treatment, i.e. the application of NPK fertilizer 10 grams, was the best treatment for all vegetative growth parameters of cayenne pepper plants.

Effect of Fertilizer Application on Watermelon Growth, Structure of Dissolved Organic Matter and Microbial Functional Diversity in Organic Substrates

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the immediate energy, carbon, and other nutrient substrates for microbial growth and, therefore, plays an essential role in agroecosystem biochemical processes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the interrelationships among watermelon growth, DOM chemical characteristics, nutrient content, and microbial functional diversity in organic soilless growing substrates. We analyzed the effect of no fertilizer application (CK), PK fertilizer application (PK), and NPK fertilizer application (NPK) on fruit yield of watermelon, DOM chemical structure, nutrient status, and microbial functional diversity in organic substrates cultivated with watermelon. Compared with the CK, the NPK treatment resulted in a significantly lower fruit yield of watermelon, lower DOC concentration, significantly higher DON concentration, and higher NO3−-N concentration. The application of NPK chemical fertilizer in substrates decreased the degree of humification in DOM and microbial functional diversity compared with CK treatment. Our results demonstrate that the quality of DOM plays an important role in improving the fruit yield of watermelon and is tightly related to microbial functional diversity in organic substrates.

Interactive effects of poultry litter compost and chemical fertilizers on macronutrients, oil and protein content in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

A field experiment was carried out at the research farm of Charfasson Govt. College, Bhola, during rabi season in 2016-2017 to evaluate the effect of poultry litter compost and NPK fertilizers on concentration, uptake, oil and protein content of sunflower cv. BARI-2 (Keroni-2). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design (CRBD) having sixteen treatments with three replications. The unit plot size was 3 m x 2 m. Treatments were T1: Control (- PL and -NPK), T2:1.5 t PL ha-1, T3:3 t PL ha-1, T4: 4.5 t PL ha-1, T5:N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T6:N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T7:N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T8: 1.5 t PL ha-1+N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T9:1.5 t PL ha-1+ N80P60K100 kg ha- 1, T10:1.5 t PL ha-1+ N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T11: 3 t PL ha-1+N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T12: 3 ton PL ha-1+ N80P60K100 kg ha-1, T13:3 t PL ha-1+ N120P90K150 kg ha-1, T14: 4.5 t PL ha-1+N40P30K50 kg ha-1, T15:4.5 t PL ha-1+ N80P60K100 kg ha-1 and T16:4.5 t PL ha-1+ N120P90K150 kg ha-1. Sixty plants were grown in each plot for 90 days. Maximum values of NPKS concentration (%) in different organs of sunflower were 0.65, 0.42, 1.80, 0.17 for stem; 1.02, 0.54, 1.54, 0.18 for root; 4.47, 0.57, 3.14, 0.20 for leaf; 2.60, 0.64, 3.20, 0.32 for petiole and 5.18, 0.86, 1.02, 0.31 for seed due to application of poultry litter and NPK fertilizers. The highest concentrations of NPKS of different organs of sunflower at maturity, were found significantly (P<0.05) higher in combined treatments 5 t PL ha-1 + N120P90K150kg ha-1 and 7.5 t PL ha-1 + N120P90K150kg ha-1, respectively, in most of the cases. However, their uptake pattern also followed the same trend as in concentration and those were found in same treatments in most of the cases. The lowest concentration and uptake were measured almost in control treatment (-PL and -NPK). Content of oil and protein increased variably due to variation in treatments. The highest content of oil in seed (47.7%) was extracted from the treatment 5 t PL ha-1 + N80P60K100kg ha-1 and the lowest value (37.7%) was recorded in the highest dose of NPK fertilizers and poultry litter which was lower than control treatment. Protein content also followed the same pattern as in oil. The highest content of protein (31.8%) was recorded from the treatment 5 t PL ha-1 + N120P90K150kg ha-1 and the lowest values (18.8%) was observed in control treatment. The overall findings of this study indicated that poultry litter compost in combination with chemical fertilizers can be applied to achieve better concentration, uptake of NPKS in different organs and oil and protein content in seeds of sunflower under field conditions at coastal zone. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(3 CSI): 359-369, 2022 (June)

The Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Red Chili Plants

Red chili is one of the commodity crops grown in Indonesia. One of the factors that affect the production of red chili plants is fertilization. The application of organic fertilizer affects the yield and growth of red chili plants. This study aims to determine the response of the growth and development of red chili plants to the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers combined with biochar. This study was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Local Waste Processing Site in Kusamba Village, Klungkung Regency, and the Laboratory of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture Warmadewa University from March to November 2021. Soil and fertilizer testing were carried out at the Soil Science Laboratory, Udayana University. The study used an experimental method, the experimental design used was a one-factor randomized block design with 4 replications/block. The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of fruit per plant, fruit weight per plant, and fruit weight harvested per hectare. Based on the data obtained, the type of fertilizer treatment had a very significant effect on all observed variables except for plant height at 21 DAP per plant, the number of leaves at 21 DAP per plant, and the number of leaves at 28 DAP per plant had a significant effect on the treatment given. The application of NPK fertilizer gave the best results on all parameters except for the stem diameter parameter. On the stem diameter parameter, the application of asri nature fertilizers gives the best result. Control treatment (without fertilizer) gave the lowest yield in all observations.

Effect Of NPK Fertilizer and Chitosan on Growth and Production of Green Mustard (Brassica juncea L)

The decline of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) production can indicate a plant nutrition problem. The purpose of this pot experiment was to determine the response of green mustard to the application of NPK and Chitosan fertilizers which were applied at the same time. The experimental design completely randomized design with three replications and two factors, namely NPK fertilizer with five levels of dosage, namely 0.0 g/plant, 0.4 g/plant, 0.8 g/plant, 1.2 g/plant, and 1.6 g/plant, and Chitosan with four levels of concentration, namely: 0%, 10%, 20% and 30%. Observed variables were plant height, number of leaves, average leaf area, total leaf area, root length, root fresh weight, stem diameter, and plant fresh weight. The results of the study found that the use of NPK and Chitosan fertilizers increased plant growth indicated by plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and root length, as well as plant yield indicated by plant fresh weight. There was no interaction effect between the two treatments but independently both treatments have a positive effect on growth and yield of green mustard. The higher the dose of NPK fertilizer and the concentration of chitosan will increase the effect. The best treatment composition recommended for green mustard cultivation was NPK fertilizer with a dose of 1.6 g/plant and chitosan with a concentration of 20%.

PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) DENGAN PEMBERIAN PUPUK NPK DAN KOMPOS SEKAM PADI PADA MEDIA INCEPTISOL

Oil palm is a plantation crop that plays a strategic role in the Indonesian economy because this commodity has bright prospects as a source of foreign exchange. The experiment aims to know the effect of interaction giving NPK fertilizer and rice husk compost and get the best combination dose for the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design factorial with two factors, such as factor of NPK fertilizer (P) which consists of three extents, that are NPK 0 g/plant, NPK 12,5 g/plant, and NPK 25 g/plant. The second factor is rice husk compost (K) which consists of 4 extents that are rice husk compost 0 g/plant, rice husk compost 150 g/plant, rice husk compost 250 g/plant and rice husk compost 350 g/plant. The parameters observed included an increase in seedling height, an increase in stem diameter, an increase in leaf number, root volume, seed dry weight, and root crown ratio. The results showed that the application of NPK fertilizer and rice husk compost was able to increase the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery. The application of NPK fertilizer and rice husk compost significantly increased the increase in plant height, wee diameter, leaf number, root volume, plant dry weight, and seedling root crown ratio. The combination of NPK fertilizer application according to the recommended dose (25 g/plants) and 250 g of rice husk compost per plant gave the best results for the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery

The Growth Response of Kale Land (Ipomoea reptans Poir) to the Aplications of Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer

Kale land is a short-lived plant, containing the nutrients needed by the human body. The growth of kale land is influenced by various factors, one of which is the adequate supply of nutrients needed by plants. Fertilization is one of the efforts that can be done to ensure the availability of nutrients on agricultural land. Research has been carried out on the growth response of kale land due to the application of vermicompost and NPK fertilizers. The purpose of this research is to obtain information about (1) increased growth of kale land due to the application of vermicompost, (2) increased growth of kale land due to application of NPK fertilizer, (3) increased growth of kale land due to the interaction of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer treatments. The research was carried out using an experimental method in the form of factorial arranged according to a completely randomized design. The first factor is vermicompost (C) with doses of 0 kg, 0.4 kg, 0.8 kg, 1.2 kg and 1.6 kg vermicompost per square meter of agricultural land. The second factor is the application of NPK fertilizer (P) at a dose of 0 g, 0.5 g, 1 g, 1.5 g per plant. Thus there were 20 treatment combinations and each combination was carried out with 3 replications. The growth parameters observed were plant height, total leaf, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter of land kale. Research data were analyzed by Anova. The conclusions of the study were: (1) The application of vermicompost could increase plant height, number of leaves, leaf length and leaf width but could not increase stem diameter of kale land (2) application of NPK fertilizer can improve all growth parameters of kale land kangkong. (3) The interaction of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer cannot increase the growth of kale land.

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

The application of organic and inorganic fertilizer on agricultural farming as a management practice has tremendously brought about a great boost to crop yield due to improvement in soil fertility. The thrust of this experiment was to compare the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth, yield and nutritional qualities of cucumber (cucumis sativus). The research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti in 2019 using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of sole application of NPK fertilizer, sole application of goat manure, sole application of poultry, NPK + goat manure, NPK fertilizer + poultry manure and control. Parameters assessed include vine length (cm), stem girth (cm), number of leaves, fruit weight (g), length of fruit (cm), fruit diameter (cm) and number of fruit plant-1. The results revealed that poultry manure (PM) significantly influenced all the agronomic parameters and yield of cucumber than other treatments. There were significant differences among the agronomic parameters measured including yield in all the treatments except the number of fruits plant-1. Poultry manure had the highest fruit yield followed by goat manure, NPK fertilizer and poultry manure respectively. For the proximate test, it was observed in the results that there were slight differences in the composition of the proximate of cucumber based on the treatments, suggesting that fertilization can influence the proximate of fruit and vegetables. The overall assessment of the research suggested that poultry manure is the best fertilizer for cucumber growth and yield performance.

The Application of Mixed Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Drives Soil Nutrient and Bacterial Community Changes in Teak Plantations.

Appropriate fertilization can enhance forest productivity by maintaining soil fertility and improving the structure of the bacterial community. However, there is still uncertainty surrounding the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil nutrient status and bacterial community structure. A fertilization experiment was set up in an eight-year-old teak plantation with five treatments involved: mixed organic and NPK compound fertilizers (OCF), mixed organic and phosphorus fertilizers (OPF), mixed organic, NPK and phosphorus fertilizers (OCPF), mixed NPK and phosphorus fertilizers (CPF) and no fertilization (CK). Soil chemical properties and bacterial communities were investigated, and the co-occurrence pattern of the bacterial community under different fertilization treatments was compared. The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter and nitrate nitrogen, and the soil pH values were the highest after OCPF treatment, which were 20.39%, 90.91% and 8.16% higher than CK, respectively. The richness and diversity of bacteria underwent no obvious changes, but the structure of the soil’s bacterial community was significantly altered by fertilization. Of the dominant bacteria taxa, the relative abundance increased for Gemmatimonadetes, Myxococcota, ADurb.Bin063-13 and Candidatus_Koribacter, and decreased for Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, JG30-KF-AS9 and Acidothermus under OCPF treatment in comparison to CK. The number of nodes and edges, the average degree and the network density of bacterial community co-occurrence networks were the greatest in OCPF treatment, indicating that application of OCPF could make the network structure of soil bacteria more stable and complex. Moreover, soil pH and organic matter were significantly correlated with bacterial community structure and were considered the main influencing factors. These findings highlight that the combined application of organic, NPK and phosphorus fertilizers is highly beneficial for improving soil quality and optimizing bacterial community structure in teak plantations.

The Effect of NPK Fertilizer and Fertilizer Through Leaves on the Growth and Yield of Red Chili (Capsicum annum L)

Research on the effect of NPK fertilizer and fertilizer application through leaves on the growth and yield of red chili (Capsicum annum L) was carried out from October 2021–March 2022 on farmer lands in Tanah Grow Village, Tanah Grow District, Bungo Regency. With the aim of knowing the interaction between NPK fertilizer and fertilizer through leaves on the growth and yield of red chili plants. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in the form of factorial with two factors and repeated 3 times. Factor A is the dose of NPK fertilizer which consists of 4 levels, namely: NI = 5 gr, N2 = 10 gr, N3 = 15 gr, N4 = 20 gr .Factor B is the provision of fertilizer through the leaves (Seprint), namely: PI = 8 cc/ltr, P2 = 10 cc/ltr, P3 = 12 cc/ltr, P4 = 14 cc/ltr, P5 = 16 cc/ltr. Based on the experiment, it can be concluded that there was an interaction between NPK fertilizer and Seprint leaf fertilizer on the yield of red chili plants, while there was no interaction with plant height, number of leaves and number of productive branches. The application of NPK fertilizer with a dose of N3 = 15 grams gave the best results on red chili crop yields. In the use of fertilizer through leaves (Seprint) the best concentration was 10 cc/liter, for plant height. Provision of NPK fertilizer and fertilizer through leaves (Seprint) had no significant effect on the parameters of the number of leaves and the number of productive branches.

Potential for increased yield of peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) through combination application of NPK and guano fertilizer

This study aims to determine and determine the dose of NPK fertilizer with the appropriate application of guano fertilizer on the yield of peanuts (Arachishypogaea L.), The study was conducted from September to December 2020, this study used a split plot design with 3 replicates for a total of 27 plots. The treatment variables were NPK fertilizer (N), namely N1 = 25 kg ha-1; N2 = 50 kg ha-1 ; N3 = 75 kg ha-1 and Guano Fertilizer (G) ie G1 = 5 tons ha-1; G2 = 10 tons ha-1 ; G3 = 15 tonnes ha-1. Observational variables in this study included the number of pods per plant (pods), pod weight per plant (g), weight of 100 seeds (g) and weight of pods per plot (kg). The results showed that combination of NPK fertilizer 75 kg ha-1 with guano fertilizer 10 tons ha-1 gave the highest yield of peanuts at 1.49 kg per plot (2.98 tons ha-1).