Novosibirsk Region Research Articles

Введение метрической системы мер и весов в Омском Прииртышье в 1920-е гг.

The article is devoted the process metric reform of the 1920s, which is one of the most important parts of the history of Russian and Siberian metrology and an integral part of the socio-economic modernization of the USSR, in the Omsk district. The purpose of the article is to establish the circumstances of the metric reform in the Omsk district, as well as to identify the problems and difficulties that arose during the transition to the metric system of weights and measures. The main sources for writing the article are the files of the funds the Historical Archive of Omsk Region, primarily the fund of the Omsk Chamber of Weights and Measures; the files from State Archive of Novosibirsk Region are also used. The article describes the process of transition to the metric system in the Omsk district through the activities of the district interdepartmental metric commission and the verification chamber of weights and measures. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are drawn about the progress of the metric reform in the Omsk district.

AGRO-ECOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USING MACHINE LEARNING, GIS AND REMOTE SENSING DATA

The paper is devoted to agro-ecological classification of agricultural land using modern methods of geo-information data analysis and machine learning.
 Background. There are few works in the literature, which cover the issues of accuracy of machine learning (MLL) models for agro-ecological grouping of agricultural land. A large number of raster information layers are used to improve the accuracy of land classification from satellite images. This considerably increases the time of training and testing MMOs, producing thematic maps of agricultural land classification. This approach requires considerably high computing resources and a considerable amount of computer RAM. Raster GIS data models occupy a much larger volume than vector models. In this regard, research on automated agro-ecological (grouping, classification) of agricultural land using vector GIS models is of practical importance.
 Purpose. The aim of the study is to apply GIS methods, remote sensing (ERS) data and machine learning methods for agricultural land grouping.
 Materials and methods. The materials used were synthesized multispectral high spatial resolution Sentinel-2A images, maps of vegetation indices NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), OSAVI (Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index), EVI2 (Enhanced Vegetation Index2), NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index), SAVI, PVI, GDVI, MCARI, NDRE, TSAVI; topographic map, ALOS DSM (30 m/pixel) and ALOS PALSAR (12.5 m/pixel) satellite images, soil map and field survey results. Field measurements were carried out using the Triump-2 satellite geodetic receiver and included determination of coordinates of characteristic points of land plot boundaries, relief elements, and soil survey.
 Digital spatial model of land use was created using GIS ArcGIS and QGIS, Python engineering libraries were used in the machine learning process.
 Results. Agro-ecological grouping of lands was realized by the example of the farm "Zerno Sibiri" of Novosibirsk region using the following machine learning methods: Random Forest (RF) method, Decision Tree (DT), k-nearest neighbours method (KNN). The best accuracy is the RF machine learning model. The accuracy of the model averaged 97.9% (with training 99.9%, testing 98.8%, and cross validation 95.0%). The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is 0.006: for training sample 0.001; test sample 0.076; validation sample 0.123 respectively). The mean kappa coefficient was 0.97 (1.00 for the training sample; 0.982 for the test sample, and 0.927 for the validation sample). 
 Conclusion. The offered method of agro-ecological grouping of agricultural lands by means of GIS, RS data and machine learning methods enabled to distinguish informative quantitative indicators of the relief. The main essence of the proposed method is to create a machine learning model (MLM) based on a spatial dataset. The spatial dataset is formed using geoinformation analysis methods and includes: geomorphometric maps, maps of agrometeorological parameters, soil map, on-farm land management map and operational-territorial units of land classification. The application of vector data model allowed for agro-ecological grouping of agricultural lands in automated mode, to accelerate labor-intensive process of raster data recognition, to increase objectivity of the work. The suggested method of agro-ecological agro-ecological grouping of lands allows taking into account the totality of relief and soil-ecological conditions indicators with the help of geoinformation analysis methods, remote sensing and machine learning.

Studying a collection of common-wheat varieties for leaf rust resistance, crop yield and grain quality in the environmental conditions of Novosibirsk region.

The relationship between a variety's genotype, environmental conditions and phytopathogenic load are the key factors contributing to high yields that should be taken into account in selecting donors for resistance and high manifestation of valuable traits. The study of leaf rust resistance in 49 common wheat varieties was carried out in the field against the natural pathogen background and under laboratory conditions using single-pustule isolates with virulence to Lr9 and Lr24. It has been shown that the varieties carrying alien genes Lr6Agi2 (Tulaikovskaya 10) and Lr6Agi1 (Voevoda) were resistant to leaf rust infection both in the field and in the laboratory. Varieties KWS Buran, KWS Akvilon, KW 240-3-13, and Etyud producing crop yields from 417 to 514 g/m2 comparable to the best standard variety Sibirskaya 17 can be reasonably used as Lr24 resistance gene donors under West Siberian conditions. Omskaya 44 variety showing crop yield of 440g/m2 can be used as a donor for Lr19 and partially effective Lr26. Varieties Tuleevskaya and Altayskaya 110 with Lr9 in their genomes are recommended for the development of resistance gene-pyramided genotypes. The highest protein and gluten contents were observed in the CS2A/2M sample, while KWS Buran, Altayskaya 110, Volgouralskaya, and KWS Akvilon showed the lowest values. Varieties CS2A/2M, Tulaikovskaya 10, Pavon, and Tuleevskaya were ranked the highest in micro- (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe) and macronutrient (Ca, Mg, K) contents among the common wheat samples from the collection, while the lowest values for most elements were observed in KWS Buran, Novosibirskaya 15, and Volgouralskaya. Winter varieties demonstrating leaf rust resistance against the infectious background typically carry adult plant resistance genes (Lr34, Lr12, and Lr13), particularly combined with the juvenile Lr26 gene. The presence of Lr41 in a winter type line (KS 93 U 62) allowed it to maintain resistance against a leaf rust pathogen clone kLr24, despite the presence of Lr24 in the genotype. Varieties Doka and Cheshskaya 17 may act as donors of resistance genes Lr26 + Lr34 and Lr9 + Lr12 + Lr13 + Lr34, as well as sources of dwarfing without losses in winter hardiness and yield under West Siberian conditions.

Features of development and prevalence of diseases on soybean in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia

In recent years, there has been a significant deterioration of phytosanitary situation in plantings of many agricultural crops, including fodder crops. One of the valuable forage crops is soybean, which is becoming increasingly widespread outside its natural climatic zone. Under the conditions of Western Siberia, soybean crops are almost annually affected by a complex of diseases that significantly reduce the yield and quality of the seed material, which requires a comprehensive approach to ensure a minimum infectious background in crops. The development of epiphytotics on crops follows a certain dependence. The peak incidence of fungal infections is associated with increased temperature and humidity. Bacterial infections have a greater tolerance to low temperatures and may develop during the final phase of soybean vegetation. We investigated the correlation between the incidence rates of fungal and bacterial diseases of soybean and weather and climatic conditions of all the years of research. The research was conducted in 2016–2022 in the Novosibirsk region. The choice of the years of research is due to the formation of established populations of soybean phytopathogens that cause annual epiphytotics. SibNIIK 315 soybean variety was used as a sample for the study of the disease incidence in soybean crops. Based on long-term studies, this variety is the most affected of all the varieties. The leaf-stalk infections such as false mildew and pustular bacteriosis were considered as countable diseases. The use of correlation analysis to establish the degree of interrelation between the main indicators of soybean crop infestation and weather and climatic conditions of the growing season allowed to reveal a certain relationship – mainly due to the fact that fungal infections in all the years of research were manifested by the type of the epiphytotics. However, this method is not well suited for low prevalence diseases and diseases with short-term outbreaks.

Типологизация регионов РФ на основании уровня межрегиональной образовательной мобильности в системе высшего образования

The article examines the typology of regions of the Russian Federation based on the level of interregional edu-cational mobility in the higher education system; the information base for the study was static reporting data in the form “Higher Professional Education-1” for 2021–2022. It is proposed to define the level of interregional mobility as the ratio of students who received secondary education in another region to students who received secondary education in their region and another region. To identify the typology of regions, a clustering method was used – the Gaussian mixture model (GMM), three clustering models were built based on the number of students admitted to the 1st year, the level of interregional mobility of students in budgetary and non-budgetary forms of education. Three all-Russian and one subregional centers of student interregional mobility have been identified: 1) centripetal – Moscow and the regions of the Central Federal District; 2) northwestern or the region of the “second capital” – St. Petersburg and geographically close regions; 3) southern – Krasnodar region and its “satellite” Republic of Adygea; 4) Siberian – Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions.

Long-term normothermic autoperfusion of the cardiopulmonary complex ex vivo as a method of effective graft conditioning: an experimental study

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of 6-hour normothermic autoperfusion of a heart graft ex vivo with pharmaco-cold preservation using Bretschneider's solution (Custodiol, Dr Franz Köhler Chemie GmbH, Bensheim, Germany).Methods: Landrace pigs weighing 50 ± 5 kg and aged 4–5 months (n = 10) were selected as a model for a series of acute experiments. Cardiopulmonary conditioning using autoperfusion was conducted for 6 hours on the experimental group (n = 5). On the other hand, the control group underwent a 6-hour pharmaco-cold preservation with Bretschneider solution to recover the heart's pumping function. Graft preservation effectiveness was evaluated by measuring hemodynamic parameters, heartbeat, and myocardial ischemia marker concentrations.Results: After reperfusion and isolation of the working cardiopulmonary complex, cardiac output was 0.63 [0.37; 0.8] L/min and 0.37 [0.23; 0.37] L/min in the experimental and control groups, respectively (P < .05). The levels of CPK-MB, LDH, troponin-I, and lactate in the coronary sinus blood was significantly higher in the control group.Conclusion: The study demonstrated significant benefits of normothermic autoperfusion in maintaining the morphofunctional status of the donor heart compared to pharmaco-cold preservation using Bretschneider's solution for 6 hours of ex vivo graft conditioning. Received 16 July 2023. Revised 8 September 2023. Accepted 11 September 2023. Funding: The study was carried out within the framework of project No. 23-25-10013 (agreement No. 23-25-10013 dated April 20, 2023 with the Russian Science Foundation, agreement No. р-52 dated April 3, 2023 with the Ministry of Science and Innovation Policy of the Novosibirsk Region). Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Contribution of the authorsConception and study design: M.O. Zhulkov, D.A. Sirota, I.S. ZykovData collection and analysis: M.O. Zhulkov, A.R. Tarkova, I.S. Zykov, A.G. Makaev, A.V. Protopopov, M.N. Murtazaliev, F.Yu. Kosimov, N.A. Karmadonova, Ya.M. Smirnov, E.E. Kliver, A.M. Volkov, H.A. Agaeva, D.A. SirotaStatistical analysis: M.O. ZhulkovDrafting the article: M.O. ZhulkovCritical revision of the article: M.O. Zhulkov, D.A. Sirota, I.S. ZykovFinal approval of the version to be published: M.O. Zhulkov, A.R. Tarkova, I.S. Zykov, A.G. Makaev, A.V. Protopopov, M.N. Murtazaliev, F.Yu. Kosimov, N.A. Karmadonova, Ya.M. Smirnov, E.E. Kliver, A.M. Volkov, H.A. Agaeva, D.A. Sirota

Интеллектуальная составляющая непрерывного поликультурного образования личности

The problem statement concerns the actual issues of raising the status of the intellectual component of the Humanities education within the framework of the author’s investigation on “Cultural self-determination of the individual in the space of realization of intercultural communication”. The conditions of modeling communicative situations of the ecosystem of multicultural education are determined in the paradigm “From observation to generalization and replication through cooperation”. The focus of this paper is on the strategic and tactic directions of the development of Russian education within the methodology and technology of the Self as a cultural personality. Socio-philosophical perception and theoretical justifi cation of the problem under consideration have given grounds for mastering the communicative culture of the individual in the frames of intellectual architectonics of multilingual culture as the methodological basis of the many years of activity. The multicultural intellectual architectonics refl ects a humanizing core of the regional information and educational spaces. The social signifi cance of the formation of a multicultural mindset of the personality initiates creating of one of the possible models of the ecosystems of the synergetic effect of co-management in a communicative society. The presentation of the effects of cooperation of the Department of the Institute of Continuing Education, educational organizations of Novosibirsk and Novosibirsk region, domestic publishers, as well as the effects of cooperation of regional, All-Russian and international universities is carried out within the framework of the project “Creating a unifi ed information and educational secure communication environment”. As the fi nal result of the generalization, the corpus of case-studies is considered, and the system of conditions for their implementation is substantiated as a multidimensional humanitarian project in the aspect of the integration of society and the reproduction of culture within the humanitarian educational practices. Such features of students’ perception of a different culture as the development of multilingualism and multicultures in artifi cial conditions of mastering the communicative skills of implementing the basics of intercultural communication are noted. Special emphasis focuses on the social signifi cance and cultural mission of educational organizations in the aspect of modeling the corpus of vital communicative situations/events in the space of scientifi c and methodological support within the socio-humanitarian sphere of regional events. In conclusion, the system of methodological, pedagogical and methodological conditions for the effective implementation of the author’s model for the formation of intercultural skills and teaching/learning techniques of intercultural communication, which form the basis for the development of additional professional programs in the system of continuing professional education of specialists in various fi elds, is formulated.

Судейский корпус в России: выбор профессии, карьерные возможности и ограничения

The article analyzes results of a study of the judiciary conducted in 2021–2022 in the Novosibirsk region, materials are summarized on the sociodemographic and professional characteristics of the judiciary, their infl uence on the motivation for choosing a profession and career advancement of judges. The interdisciplinary nature of the research led to the use of sociological (questionnaires and in-depth interviews) and legal methods of research (historicallegal, formal-legal, comparative-legal). As a result of the study, the author highlights the deepening of the processes of feminization and rejuvenation, which were recorded earlier. The overwhelming majority of judges are young women aged 30–45 years. The demographic composition of the judiciary is determined by the sources of its formation, the professional experience of most judges is limited to work in the court apparatus, in which graduates of law faculties of universities are employed, and after obtaining the necessary skills and experience in the court apparatus, they become judges. The main reasons for the apparatusbureaucratic way of forming the judiciary were the content of the work and the requirements for the professional qualities of a judge – the ability to consider a large volume of cases in the shortest possible time, correctly fi ll out documents and control procedural deadlines. The sources of replenishment of the judiciary determine the motivation for choosing a profession and career expectations for judges. For young women coming from the court staff, the main factors in choosing a profession were the desire for professional and social self-realization, combined with material rewards and social guarantees. When choosing a professional trajectory, most judges attributed the acquisition of power and high social status to insignifi cant factors. In such a situation, low or indefi nite career aspirations of a signifi cant part of judges are natural. At the same time, the unexpressed ambitions of the majority of the judiciary coincide with the capabilities of the judiciary itself, judges are a profession with low vertical mobility, only a small part has a real chance to get promoted and become the head of a district court or become a judge of a regional court.

Floristic findings in the Novosibirsk Region

New adventive species for the Novosibirsk Region are reported: Achillea collina, Campanula latifolia, Corylus avellana, Geranium sanguineum, Lolium × hybridum, Mentha × piperita, Nicandra physalodes, Rosa spinosissima, Sedum album. New locations of rare species are indicated: Arrhenatherum elatius, Clinopodium acinos, Hedysarum alpinum, the distribution of species recently recorded in the Novosibirsk Region is noted. For each species, its range is given, the distribution in the regions of Siberia is indicated. 
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Технология сценарного анализа территории: планирование экономического развития региона (на примере Новосибирской области)

The results of the study on the spatial organization of the Novosibirsk region, as well as modeling and choice of optimal trajectories of its economic development using the technology of scenario-based analysis of the territory are presented. Based on the laws of mutual influence of spatial factors and main economic drivers of regional development, the best location of new links of production chains and infrastructure facilities are determined. The analysis of the spatial organization of the population distribution system, location of industrial, social and road transport infrastructure facilities in the Novosibirsk region is given. A number of investment and social scenarios of the regional economic development are simulated and evaluated. The work was carried out using GIS technology in combination with external software module and expert database. A variety of suitability maps for investment and social scenarios, infrastructure-secure areas, and best location of prospective production clusters/chains are generated. It is offered to use the described technology when planning regional economic development

Clinical evaluation of xerostomia manifestations in young-old and middle-old adults

Relevance. The subjective evaluation and analysis of clinical manifestations and risk factors for the development of xerostomia in young- and middle-old adults living in Novosibirsk and the Novosibirsk region plays a leading role in choosing the treatment strategy for this category of patients.Material and methods. A single-stage open study involved 101 people, of whom 48% (n = 49) were male and 52% (n = 52) were female. The average age of the examined was 66.3 [60.0; 88.0] years; 64 subjects were young-old patients (60.0; 75.0), and 37 subjects were middle-old patients (75.0; 88.0). All examined patients underwent an assessment of their dental status and subjective evaluation of xerostomia severity using the validated Russian version of the "The Summated Xerostomia Inventory" (XI). Xerostomia diagnosis in the study patients included the examination according to "The Challacombe Scale of Clinical Oral Dryness" (CSCOD) and sialometry. Taking records of comorbidities, malnutrition syndrome, systemic medications, and bad habits helped to study the risk factors for xerostomia development.Results. The analysis of the subjective evaluation and signs in older patients most frequently revealed moderate xerostomia. There was a moderate negative correlation between the age of the examined and the salivary secretion rate (ρ = -0.578, p < 0.01). Women more often showed severe xerostomia (p < 0.001). The examination of 87.6% of the subjects revealed xerostomia manifestations, confirmed by clinical signs and laboratory data. In 12.4% of patients with complaints and clinical signs of x erostomia, sialometry did not confirm xerostomia.Conclusion. The study results showed a decrease in the secretion rate in older patients with age. In women, complaints and clinical and laboratory signs of xerostomia were more pronounced. Patients' subjective assessment of dry mouth manifestations did not always correspond to the xerostomia clinical and laboratory diagnostic data. The prevalence of xerogenic risk factors was established in young-old and middle-old patients.

Optimizing Work Planning for Grain Crop Cultivation: Software Components

The paper considers modernization of the agricultural sector with the aim of enhancing its efficiency and competitiveness through the implementation of digital technologies. Additionally, it analyzes the methods and software employed for the selection of technologies and technical tools. (Research purpose) The research aims to develop software modules for managing the production of crop products. This involves the selection of appropriate agricultural technologies and the optimal utilization of the machine and tractor fleet. The software designed is expected to take into account the farm agroclimatic and production conditions. (Materials and methods) The development of software components for a web-based software package aimed to facilitate the annual work planning in grain crop cultivation, is based on a method rooted in the evaluation of natural, climatic, and production conditions. (Results and discussion) The findings support the feasibility of developing software components for a web-based software package by selecting agricultural technologies and determining optimal utilization options for technical means. The research resulted in the development of a structural scheme for the software package designed as a web-based application, encompassing such software modules as «Selection of technologies» and «Selection of technical means». These modules share a unified interface and operate on a common database. The operation of software modules for selecting technologies was tested in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Novosibirsk region in 2022.The tests examined the cultivation technologies for wheat at a standard intensification level across four working areas with varying predecessors. (Conclusions) The developed software components will be subsequently integrated into the software package in the form of a web application. This application can serve as a support system for making informed managerial decisions in the realm of machine-based agricultural technologies. The software package facilitates the automation of technology selection, the creation of an annual work plan, and the computation of economic indicators.

On the species composition of fish parasites in rivers and lakes in the south of Western Siberia

The fish from 11 lakes and 4 rivers of four regions of the south of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo and Omsk regions), were examined from May to November 2015. A total of 817 specimens 14 fish species to five families: Coregonidae (1 species), Thymallidae (1), Cyprinidae (8), Lotidae (1), Percidae (3) were inspected for ectoparasites and endoparasites were infestation. In the present study taxonomic composition of ectoparasites includes representatives of four families of crustaceans (Lernaeopodidae, Lernaeidae, Argulidae and Ergasilidae) and leeches (Glossiphoniidae). Monogeneans were represented by three families: Dactylogyridae, Tetraonchidae and Diplozoidae. Cestodes of two families Ligulidae and Dilepididae were discovered. Fish infected with сestodes family Diphyllobothriidae were no found. The species composition of trematodes is the most diverse (7 genera to 4 families). Metacercariae of the families Diplostomatidae (genera Diplostomum , Posthodiplostomum , Tylodelphys ), Bucephalidae (genus Rhipidocotyle ), Prohemistomatidae (genus Paracoenogonimus ), and Opisthorchiidae (genus Metorchis and Opisthorchis ) were identified. Opisthorchis felineus , and Metorchis bilis , are two opisthorchiid species potentially perilous to human health, and domestic pets (cats, dogs) were found. Metacercariae of O. felineus , in all regions (Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Kemerovo and Omsk), in all surveyed rivers: Kiya, Tom, Irtysh and Ob were found. The opisthorchiid metacercariae potentially perilous to human health in three species (dace, ide, roach) out of eight studied (Cyprinidae) were found. The trematodes of the family Diplostomatidae were found in 8 fish species. The highest rates of infection were observed in roach and pike perch.

VARIABILITY OF THE TRACE ELEMENT COMPOSITION OF UNDERGROUND AND ABOVEGROUND SHOOTS OF NONEA ROSSICA STEV.

To create phytomedicines for the treatment of dyselementoses with reproducible pharmacological effects, it is necessary to know within what limits the content of microelements can vary in commercial thickets of herbs. The aim this work was to determine variability of the content of microelements in the underground and aboveground organs of Nonea rossica Stev.The above-ground and underground shoots of the plant was collected on the territory of the Novosibirsk region. The content of plant biogenic elements B, K, P, V, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Si, Zn, Ni, Co and toxic elements was determined by mass spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma. The main statistical parameters – the mean value, the coefficient of variation and confidence intervals were defined and they were analyzed for homogeneity using the Wilcoxon test.As a result of the research, it was found that N.rossica naturally absorbs microelements that are biogenic for the plant organism, which accumulate in the aboveground organs of the plant and their quantitative content have little variability .Exogenous pollution makes a significant contribution to the accumulation of toxic elements and conditionally toxic elements, which leads to a large variability of their quantitative content.

The influence of the duration of the storage period of aeroponic minitubers on the growth and development of potato varieties in field conditions

When using minitubers as planting material in seed production, there is a problem of sparseness of seedlings, which is associated with different duration of the storage period of minitubers (since harvesting from an aeroponic installation to the appearance of the first single shoots). The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of the duration of the storage period of aeroponic minitubers on the growth, development and productivity of various potato varieties under field conditions. The research was carried out in 2020-2022 in the conditions of the Novosibirsk region, the soil is leached medium loamy chernozem. The objects of the research are aeroponic minitubers of early-ripening (Yuna, Terra, Legenda) and mid-ripening (Zlatka, Sokur) potato varieties for December, March and April harvesting periods. It was established that the storage period of minitubers of various varieties was 179-184 days when collected from an aeroponic installation in December, 91.7-118.3 days in March, 71.3-99.7 days in April. The use of minitubers as planting material for growing high-quality potato seeds is justified during the December and March harvesting periods. Potato plants from the December planting material had a germination rate of 98.5 %, germinated 20 days earlier, had a larger average leaf area, the initial yield on the first recording date was 2.6 times greater and the final yield was 1.4 times greater than the plants from the March planting material. Minitubers of the December period provided the highest yield (22.8 t/ha) and the yield of seed tubers (76.3 %), with March harvest time the corresponding values were lower by 6.8 t/ha and 15.9 %, with April harvest period – by 15.9 t/ha and 34,0 %. It is not practical to use minitubers of the April harvest time with a storage period of 91.7-118.3 days as planting material, since it is impossible to obtain yield for the most of the studied varieties. The Sokur (mid-ripening) and Terra (early-ripening) varieties showed the highest yields of 20.4 and 19.5 t/ha.

SEISMICITY of the ALTAI and SAYAN region in 2018–2019

The seismicity of the Altai-Sayan region in 2018–2019 is considered. The stationary seismic network within the reporting period consisted of 55 stations. Upgrading the recording equipment and retrofitting the stations with strong motion sensors was continued. In addition to the stationary network, five local networks functioned in the region. One of them investigated the seismic process and accumulated data for constructing the Moho boundary using the method of receiving functions in the Altai Republic, the other four were focused on the study of technogenic seismicity in the area of coal minings of the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions. During the reporting period, 15405 earthquakes were registered in the region, 52 % of them occurred in the Chui-Kurai zone of the Altai Mountains, for which a brief description of seismicity is given separately. The total seismic energy released in earthquake foci was 2.191012 J in 2018 and 1.171013 J in 2019. The slope of the linear part of the earthquake recurrence chart for 2018–2019 has not undergone significant changes compared to previous reporting periods. The largest earthquake on the territory of the Altai-Sayan region for the reporting period (ML=6.2) occurred on February 1, 2019 at 21h54m in China, 70 km south of the Zaisan lake

Преодоление барьеров: как пандемия устранила разрыв в успеваемости в сельских и городских школах

<p>The article examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamics of academic achievement in schools in the Novosibirsk region over the period of 2017–2022. Using data on individual Basic State Examination results of grade 9 students, the study applies multilevel regression modelling to examine the differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban and rural schools. Contrary to previous studies which predicted that rural students would be most affected, the results were unexpected. When analysing the academic performance of students in the overall sample, no significant differences were found between the years: on average, the pandemic had no effect on academic performance in the region. However, assessing the differential effect according to the type of settlement in which the school was located revealed atypical trends: urban schools experienced a slight decrease in academic achievement after the pandemic, while rural schools experienced an increase. Notably, the year of the pandemic eliminated the achievement gap between urban and rural schools, making it statistically insignificant. Possible explanations for these results could be regional policies to support students or changes in examination procedures. These counterintuitive findings challenge the dominant educational research on COVID-19 and highlight the unexpected role of the pandemic in changing the trajectory of academic achievement.</p>

The Analytics of Additional Professional Education for Teachers in Pre-Professional Classes in Moscow Schools

Purpose of research. Teacher professional development (TPD) is a key issue of education policies globally. The solution of the issue is relevant for teachers of pre-professional classes in Moscow, since it is pre-professional classes that are assigned the role of effective tools for fulfilling the task of developing the innovative economy of the city.The objective of this study was to analyze the data on professional development and professional retraining of teachers in pre-professional classes in Moscow schools and find answers to the following questions:– What is the percentage of teachers engaged in additional professional education?– What is the intensity and dynamics of mastering programmes of additional professional education by teachers?– Where do teachers receive additional professional education?– Do the number of teachers in a school, the school’s ranking, the overall experience of teachers and the length of time of teachers in a given organization influence the additional professional education of teachers?Materials and methods. The study encompassed 2,215 teachers of pre-professional classes of 30 Moscow schools. The research methods included collection of data from the schools’ websites, processing data for statistical analysis, data analysis, and comparative analysis of different school indexes according to the selected parameters. Results. 72.8% of teachers of pre-professional classes were involved in professional development programmes, 21.8% of teachers – professional retraining programmes during the period of their work at school. 24% of teachers are continuously engaged in professional development. Mostly engaged in TPD are teachers who work at schools top-rated by “The Ranking of schools’ contribution to the quality education of Moscow students”. In addition, teachers with professional experience of less than 5 years are very actively engaged in teacher professional development. The number of school staff and prevalence of teachers with long record of service do not influence the scale of TPD engagement at schools. Additional professional education is not limited by the form of ownership, territorial affiliation, or the number of educational organizations in the region, and affects the positive dynamics in the diversification of teacher education, which is an important element of modern educational policy, the advantage of which is to improve the accessibility of education. The data of this research state that teachers were engaged in professional development programmes at 622 various organizations, of which 50.3% are state, and 49.7% - private organizations. Teachers were trained in 67 regions of Russia and 6 countries (the UK, the Netherlands, the Republic of Moldova, Switzerland, Ukraine, Estonia). The list of regions of the Russian Federation with the largest number of organizations in which teachers have mastered programs of additional professional education includes Moscow, the Moscow region, Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk region, Krasnodar region, the Republic of Tatarstan, Stavropol region and the Udmurt Republic.Conclusion. The data obtained can contribute to the adoption of management decisions on the formation of professional development programs for teachers. The prospect of the study is the analysis of data on the impact of additional professional education of teachers on the educational results of students.

The influence of the level of compartmentalization on the export potential of the region, in the context of the Novosibirsk and Tomsk regions

The formation of the level of zoosanitary protection of enterprises is reflected in the assignment of the status of regionalization for especially dangerous animal diseases throughout the country. The Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance ensures the safety of the territory of the Russian Federation from the introduction and spread of animal diseases. Assigning the level of compartmentalization to an enterprise depends on compliance with the basic standards for the maintenance and breeding of pigs, as well as the processing of pig products. The assignment of the highest level of compartmentalization allows the company to sell products almost without restrictions, both within the subject of the Russian Federation and between subjects, as well as for export. The emergence of outbreaks of particularly dangerous diseases not only in Russia, but also around the world causes great social and economic damage. The World Organization for Animal Health is developing principles for ensuring the biological safety of the territory. Carrying out preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic measures at enterprises form an increase in the level of zoosanitary protection and ensuring the safety of the spread of the disease. The topic of the article is new and relevant today, since the level of compartmentalization of enterprises in the region confirms the zoosanitary status of the territory. The export of meat products from the territory of the region depends on a number of factors, including the assigned status of regionalization. Increasing the export potential of the region depends on the interaction of authorities and enterprises. The fulfillment of the conditions of the importing countries is the most important principle of export supplies. Many enterprises are deprived of the right to export only because of the formal approach of fulfilling the requirements that lead to the identification of violations during the preparation of export shipments and the certification of the enterprise for inclusion in the registers of compartmentalization.

Pre-Pandemic Cross-Reactive Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 among Siberian Populations.

In December 2019, a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was found to in Wuhan, China. Cases of infection were subsequently detected in other countries in a short period of time, resulting in the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Questions about the impact of herd immunity of pre-existing immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 on COVID-19 severity, associated with the immunity to seasonal manifestation, are still to be resolved and may be useful for understanding some processes that precede the emergence of a pandemic virus. Perhaps this will contribute to understanding some of the processes that precede the emergence of a pandemic virus. We assessed the specificity and virus-neutralizing capacity of antibodies reacting with the nucleocapsid and spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in a set of serum samples collected in October and November 2019, before the first COVID-19 cases were documented in this region. Blood serum samples from 799 residents of several regions of Siberia, Russia, (the Altai Territory, Irkutsk, Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions, the Republic of Altai, Buryatia, and Khakassia) were analyzed. Sera of non-infected donors were collected within a study of seasonal influenza in the Russian Federation. The sample collection sites were located near the flyways and breeding grounds of wild waterfowl. The performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the collected sera included the usage of recombinant SARS-CoV-2 protein antigens: full-length nucleocapsid protein (CoVN), receptor binding domain (RBD) of S-protein and infection fragment of the S protein (S5-6). There were 183 (22.9%) sera reactive to the S5-6, 270 (33.8%) sera corresponding to the full-length N protein and 128 (16.2%) sera simultaneously reactive to both these proteins. Only 5 out of 799 sera had IgG antibodies reactive to the RBD. None of the sera exhibited neutralizing activity against the nCoV/Victoria/1/2020 SARS-CoV-2 strain in Vero E6 cell culture. The data obtained in this study suggest that some of the population of the analyzed regions of Russia had cross-reactive humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 before the COVID-19 pandemic started. Moreover, among individuals from relatively isolated regions, there were significantly fewer reliably cross-reactive sera. The possible significance of these data and impact of cross-immunity to SARS-CoV-2 on the prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 needs further assessment.