Novgorod Oblast Research Articles

Tuberculosis in Adults and Children in the Northwestern Federal District: Changes in Epidemiological Rates and Criteria for Their Assessment

The epidemic situation is monitored by numerous rates that may not reflect it objectively which will subsequently lead to higher incidence rates and severe forms of tuberculosis in both adults and children in the regions with the most unfavorable situation.The objective: to evaluate epidemiological rates for tuberculosis in the Northwestern Federal District to identify the most significant, and assess the epidemic situation in the region using these most significant rates.Subjects and Methods. We analyzed the main epidemiological rates of pediatric tuberculosis according to federal statistics (Forms 8 and 33) in 11 districts of the Northwestern District in 2019-2021. Annual figures were obtained from open demographic data of the state statistics (https://www.fedstat.ru). Statistical analysis was pe`rformed using the free software R (v.3.5.1) and the commercial Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0, IBM Corp., 2016). Hierarchical cluster analysis and k-means clustering were used with the selection of the lowest and highest values of rates. A formula is proposed for calculating the coefficient of full coverage with preventive screening (COP) for tuberculosis of the population which allows adjusting the analyzed epidemic rates taking into account the maximum coverage of the population with preventive screening and determining the accuracy of previous analysis.Results. According to the data obtained, in 2017 and 2018, Vologda Oblast and Nenets Autonomous Okrug were epidemically favorable regions, while in 2020 and 2021 Kaliningrad, Leningrad and Novgorod Oblasts were regarded as favorable regions that were steadily improving their performance. Regions with unfavorable tuberculosis situation include Pskov Oblast, St. Petersburg and the Komi Republic. At the same time, the first two regions occupy this position stably from 2017 to 2021. The use of the coefficient of low coverage with screening for tuberculosis made it possible to determine that Murmansk Oblast, St. Petersburg, Leningrad and Pskov Oblasts in 2020 and 2021 are prognostically unfavorable regions despite a decline in official tuberculosis rates. The data obtained correlate with a high percentage of positive tests with the tuberculosis recombinant tuberculosis allergen (TRA) in children in the regions mentioned above.Conclusions. The analysis of the data clearly demonstrates the possibility of determining the epidemically most favorable or unfavorable regions using four rates: coverage with preventive screening, incidence in the adult population, incidence in children aged 0 to 17 years, and tuberculosis mortality. Cluster analysis using these rates, calculation of rates using the developed coefficient of low coverage with screening for tuberculosis, and analysis of positive results of TRA test in children allows identifying the most epidemically unfavorable regions, despite the decrease in some rates that can be regarded as favorable.

Своеобразие поморов Онежского полуострова и Зимнего берега в генетическом контексте севера Европы

The peculiarity of the Russian North gene pool has long become scientific fact, but has yet to receive informative explanation. Genetic drift cannot be the only contributing factor in the striking genetic differences between not only northern Russian populations and the southern ones, but among individual northern populations as well. Studying Russian North gene pools previously underrepresented in scientific literature may help understand this phenomenon. The work aimed to perform a subtotal study of the gene pool of the Arkhangelsk Oblast Pomors (Onega Coast, Summer Coast, the western fragment of the Winter Coast; n = 130) using a panel of 60 Y-chromosome SNP markers through multidimensional scaling and mapping of genetic distances. The frequencies of 14 identified haplogroups differ drastically in Pomor populations: haplogroups I1, R1a, and N3 each comprise a quarter of the total Pomor gene pool, I2-P37.2, and R1b each comprise about 8%, and the rest of the haplogroups are rare. The Onega Coast Pomors showed genetic similarity to a wide range of North-Eastern Europe Finnic-speaking populations, as well as to Russian populations with a strong pre-Slavic substratum. The Summer Coast Pomors are close to the Scandinavian gene pools, and the Winter Coast Pomors are similar only to specific Finn and Swede populations. None of the Pomor populations demonstrate genetic similarity with the Novgorod Oblast Russian populations, with which the origin of the Pomors is traditionally associated. The genetic distances between Pomor populations are so great, they are comparable to the general range of variability between the Eastern Slavic, Baltic, and Finno-Ugric peoples of the region. The reasons for such pronounced originality of Pomor populations presumably include, along with genetic drift, the gene pool of each population being underlied by a different pre-Slavic substrate, with later gene flows as an additional factor.

Об опыте конкурентной борьбы на выборах высшего должностного лица субъекта Российской Федерации

This article analyzes the features of competition in the elections of the Governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2018. It is concluded that the level of competition between candidates has significantly increased in comparison with similar elections in 2014. At the same time, the professional level of the winning candidate's teams and other candidates ' teams differs significantly in favor of the first one. The readiness of citizens to compete is higher than the ability of candidates to lead it. Key words: election, competition, candidates, Nizhny Novgorod oblast, the Governor,

Inter-municipal cooperation as a tool for the development of regional municipal entities

Subject. This article discusses the issues of creating favorable conditions for the innovative development of the regions. Objectives. The article aims to identify areas for improving the competitiveness of municipal formations. Methods. For the study, we used correlation and factor analyses, and the methods of comparison and generalization. Results. The article identifies four main factors contributing to the development of municipal entities and presents perceptual maps for fourteen municipalities of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast with population less than fifteen thousand people. Conclusions. Mutual cooperation of municipal entities in certain areas can contribute to improving the investment attractiveness of the region and the standard of living of the population.

Puccinia betonicae . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Puccinia betonicae found parasitic on Stachys officinalis . Some information on its taxonomy, morphology, associated organisms, habitats, dispersal and transmission and conservation status are given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia (Lipetsk Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Republic of Karelia, Republic of Mordovia, Saratov Oblast), Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Ukraine, UK, USA (Colorado)) and hosts ( Betonica alopecuros subsp. alopecuros, B. macrantha,, B. officinalis, B. officinalis var. alpestris, Betonica sp., Leonurus turkestanicus, Stachys annua, S. betoniciflora, S. citrina, S. cretica, S. iberica, S. recta and Stachys sp.).

Analyzing the state and protection of environment in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast

Subject. Environmental pollution affects the living standards of the population, the economic situation of the region, its investment attractiveness, thus determining the need to assess the ecological situation and environmental costs. Objectives. The study aims to provide a quantitative assessment of air pollution, contamination of water basins, soil, condition of waste disposal, forest health, and current costs and investments in fixed assets for environmental protection. It also reviews the content of regional environmental projects of the Nizhny Novgorod Odlast and their financial support. Methods. The study draws on generalization of official statistical information, materials of federal and regional executive authorities, and employs methods of structural, dynamic, trend, and comparative analysis. Results. I reviewed the state of atmospheric air, soil, water and forest resources, industrial and household waste disposal, identified sources of nature pollution, estimated the costs of environmental protection, unveiled prospects for improving the quality of environment within the framework of environmental projects in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. Conclusions. The pollution of atmospheric air and soil is quite low in the region, however, only 40% of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere are neutralized, half of the wastewater is polluted. The most important problem is solid and liquid waste management. Investments in fixed capital are more than twice as high as the current costs of environmental protection, significant investments in the improvement of the Volga and rivers of the Volga basin are envisaged within the framework of regional projects "Ecology".

FEATURES OF THE VETLUGA MARI’s IDENTITY: ETHNIC ISOLATION IN A MULTICULTURAL REGION

This article is devoted to the problem of identity of the Mari population living in the multicultural region of the Vetluga river (Nizhny Novgorod Oblast). Based on the field material, the author explores representation of the North-Western Mari people’s identity as “isolated” from the Mari population of other regions. The author pays special attention to folklore characters as an ethnosymbolic aspect of the local identity, linguistic and religious factors of the ethnic self-perception of the Vetluga Mari. According to field materials and earlier studies, the modern Mari population of the Nizhny Novgorod region uses the Mari language less often than the Mari people of other regions. The Russian language is widespread in most spheres of public life. Currently, the cult practices of the Mari traditional religion have practically not been preserved in the analyzed region. At the same time, the Mari aspect of local culture (Mari holidays, crafts) is actualized thanks to ethno-cultural activism.

Notes on the taxonomic status and distribution of some Cylindrotomidae (Diptera, Tipuloidea), with emphasis on Japanese species

A morphological and molecular study of 17 Cylindrotomidae species revealed that the two subspecies of Cylindrotomadistinctissima, the Nearctic C.americana Osten Sacken, 1865, stat. reval. and the Palearctic C.distinctissima (Meigen, 1818), represent separated lineages and consequently are raised to species level. Cylindrotomajaponica Alexander, 1919, syn. nov. and C.distinctissimaalpestris Peus, 1952, syn. nov. are now known to be junior synonyms of C.distinctissima. Triogmakuwanailimbinervis Alexander, 1953, syn. nov. and T.nimbipennis Alexander, 1941, syn. nov. are now placed into synonymy under Triogmakuwanai (Alexander, 1913). The Japanese Cylindrotomidae are all redescribed and all available literature and distribution data are summarised. Supplementary descriptions and illustrations for male and female terminalia of Cylindrotomanigriventris Loew, 1849, Diogmadmitrii Paramonov, 2005, Liogmanodicornis (Osten Sacken, 1865), Phalacrocerareplicata (Linnaeus, 1758), P.tipulina Osten Sacken, 1865, and Triogmatrisulcata (Schummel, 1829) are provided. The following new distribution records are outlined; Diogmacaudata Takahashi, 1960 from Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia; D.glabrata (Meigen, 1818) from Belarus, Latvia, and Altai Republic, Amur Oblast, Novgorod Oblast, Magadan Oblast, Samara Oblast, and Kuril Islands (Shikotan I and Paramushir I) in Russia; Liogmaserraticornis Alexander, 1919 from Khabarovsk Krai, Russia; Phalacrocerareplicata from Khabarovsk Krai, Russia; and the presence of Cylindrotomanigriventris in Altai Republic, Russia is confirmed.

Imams’ Prison Service in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast in 2007-2021

This article is devoted to the imams’ prison service of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of the Nizhny Novgorod Region (DUMNO) in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in 2007-2021. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the imams’ work comes as a contribution to the observance of the convicts’ rights for the freedom of conscience and to the help in practicing their religion. This article describes the evolution of the imams’ prison service as a form of social service in the period from 2007 to 2021 in institutions of to the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region. The source base of the study includes materials of the offi cial websites of the DUMNO, the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region, the media content, Russian legislation and regulations, interviews with imams, offi cials of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and convicts. The study results a vision of the evolution of relations between DUMNO and the Offi ce of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in Nizhny Novgorod Region. The paper demonstrates a gradual increase in the number of imams’ contacts, forms of work with convicts to improve the situation in the fi eld of rights of convicts. Moreover, the research exposes the fact of growing numbers of imams having gained experience in prison service. According to the results of the study Islamic education for convicts comes as the important part of imams’ prison service.

Fleroff goes digital: georeferenced records from "Flora des Gouvernements Wladimir" (Fleroff, 1902).

BackgroundGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) has uneven data coverage across taxonomic, spatial and temporal dimensions. Temporal imbalances in the data coverage are particularly dramatic. Thus, 188.3M GBIF records were made in 2020, more than the whole lot of the currently available pre-1986 electronic data. This underscores the importance of reliable and precise biodiversity spatial data collected in early times. Biological collections certainly play a key role in our knowledge of biodiversity in the past. However, digitisation of historical literature is underway, being a modern trend in biodiversity data mining. The grid dataset for the flora of Vladimir Oblast, Russia, includes many historical records borrowed from the "Flora des Gouvernements Wladimir" by Alexander F. Fleroff (also known as Flerov or Flerow). Intensive study of Fleroff's collections and field surveys exactly in the same localities where he worked, showed that the quality of his data is superb. Species lists collected across hundreds of localities form a unique source of reliable information on the floristic diversity of Vladimir Oblast and adjacent areas for the period from 1894 to 1901. Since the grid dataset holds generalised data, we made precise georeferencing of Fleroff's literature records and published them in the form of a GBIF-mediated dataset.New informationA dataset, based on "Flora des Gouvernements Wladimir. I. Pflanzengeographische Beschreibung des Gouvernements Wladimir" by Fleroff (1902), includes 8,889 records of 654 taxa (mainly species) from 366 localities. The majority of records originate from Vladimir Oblast (4,611 records of 534 taxa from 195 localities) and Yaroslavl Oblast (2,013 records of 409 taxa from 66 localities), but also from Nizhny Novgorod Oblast (942 records), Ivanovo Oblast (667 records) and Moscow Oblast (656 records). The leading second-level administrative units by the number of records are Pereslavsky District (2,013 records), Aleksandrovsky District (1,318 records) and Sergievo-Posadsky District (599 records). Georeferencing was carried out, based on the expert knowledge of the area, analysis of modern satellite images and old topographic maps. For 2,460 records, the georeferencing accuracy is 1,000 m or less (28%), whereas for 6,070 records it is 2,000 m or less (68%). The mean accuracy of records of the entire dataset is 2,447 m. That accuracy is unattainable for most herbarium collections of the late 19th century. Some localities of rare plants discovered by Fleroff and included into the dataset were completely lost in the 20th century due to either peat mining or development of urban areas.

Developing an Industry and Innovation Cluster Strategy Through the Parallel and Sequential Real Options Method

Subject. This article considers the issues of formation of an innovation and industrial cluster's strategy through the parallel and sequential real options method. Objectives. The article aims to develop an innovation and industrial cluster's strategy formation methodology using parallel and sequential real options. Methods. For the study, we used the compound real options technique. Results. The article presents an original methodology for developing an innovation and industrial cluster's development strategy, taking into account the assessment of the priorities of the cluster itself and the region where it is located. The process of forming a strategy for the development of a pilot cluster of the electric power industry in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, represented by PAO TNS Energo NN, is considered as a case study of the implementation of the presented methodology. Conclusions and Relevance. The presented methodology will help further realize the innovative potential available in the region. The results obtained can be useful to public authorities when planning the development of industrial and innovation clusters and the harmonious development of the country's regions.

Articulating the development strategy for the innovation and industrial cluster by the compound option method

Subject. The article focuses on the development strategy for the innovation and industrial cluster by the compound option method. Objectives. We articulate the development strategy for the innovation and industrial cluster by the compound option method, which would allow for flexible administrative decisions on the cluster evolution. Methods. The proposed method is based on the use of the compound option method, which includes constituents as follows: 1) the option for the reduction in the cluster strategy and withdrawal from it; 2) the option for the development and dissemination of experience across the cluster; 3) the option for the rearrangement and temporary suspension of the cluster strategy. Results. To illustrate the proposed method, we formulated the development strategy for the pilot innovation and industrial cluster of power engineering in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, which is represented with the backbone company PAO TNS Energo NN. The real option method helped increase the value of the cluster’s strategy. Combining the compound real option just as we suggest, it will be possible to avoid unreasonable administrative decisions on the withdrawal from the current strategy, which would provide for multiple, already existing tactical opportunities for the cluster’s development. The value of the current strategy, first of all, absorbs a put option. This is an option to reduce the cluster’s strategy or withdraw from it. Afterwards if the current strategy is continued, three call options are added to it. Conclusions and Relevance. The findings can be useful for governmental authorities in planning the development of innovation and industrial clusters and the harmonious advancement of the country.

Technological development of industrial regions: The ecosystem approach

Providing effective industrial management is a complex task that can be resolved through a qualitative analysis of the state of the controlled object. The article assesses the influence of the Industrial Development Fund as a key financial institution of the RF industrial policy on technological development of regional industrial ecosystems. The methodological basis of the study was the theory of industrial policy and ecosystems, as well the concept of a technological hierarchy; the methods applied are functional, logical-structural and comparative analysis. The empirical base includes 634 companies engaged in the processing sector of industrially developed regions (Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Samara, Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod oblasts, Perm krai, and the Republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan). The research timeframe is from 2015 to 2019, which was due to the adoption of the Federal Law no. 488-FZ “On the industrial policy of the Russian Federation” of December 31, 2014. In contrast to the works based on the traditional sectoral approach, the object of analysis is industrial ecosystems structured in accordance with the hierarchy of system and component technologies. The dynamics of fixed-asset turnover for the studied period is used as a universal indicator of technological development of regional industrial ecosystems. In the study, we identify an industrial ecosystem having several cores, which are 3 system technologies and 17 corresponding component technologies. Having analyzed the technological focus of the projects supported by the Industrial Development Fund, we found that fixed-asset turnover has a positive trend in those regions enjoying system state support for technological development projects implemented by companies participating in the ecosystem. This confirms the hypothesis that the adjustment of instruments for the technological development of industrial policy should receive special attention, while taking into account the intensifying ecosystem effects in the industrial spheres of the economy.

Features of Forming of Trust among Student Youth to Information in the Media Network

The article investigates the peculiarities of formation of students’ trust in information in online and offline communication spaces. For this purpose the theoretical hypothesis of the dual orientation of trust genesis is substantiated: basal and socio-cultural. The first orientation is connected with the action of primary social institutions, the second – with the action of secondary institutions and sociocultural technologies. But the meaning of trust is unified: possessing the character of social automatism, it is a general condition for launching specific kinds of people’s relations and activities. This is its positivity, which, however, does not guarantee the positivity of the result of activity. The hypothesis is tested by analyzing the results of empirical data on Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. The article analyzes the criteria for forming trust in Internet information sources, reveals its qualitative levels and shows how online interaction in information space contributes to the formation of a qualitatively new form of trust – socio-cultural.

Tragedy of the civilian population in the encirclement of the 2nd Shock Army: the experience of pilot work as the evidence of Nazi crimes in the occupied territories

The object of this research is the destruction of civilian population that fell into the encirclement of the 2nd Shock Army during the Lyuban offensive operation of aimed at relieving the siege of Leningrad. The relevance of the topic of the tragedy of civilian population is substantiated by the the need to recognize extermination and genocide of USSR population during the Great Patriotic War on the international level, due to initiation by the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation of a criminal case on the genocide of USSR population by the Nazi and their accomplices.. This requires the search community to be directly involved and document the results of pilot work and discovered information on the destroyed civilians. The authors indicate insufficient coverage of the tragedy of civilian population in comparison with the study of the fate of army and military personnel. The facts of the genocide of civilians – children, women, and senior population – were established in the course of pilot work. The article describes the experience of finding a previously unknown place of mass shooting of the dwellers of the Village of Vditsko of Novgorod Oblast, during search operations; as well as discloses the information about the factors and circumstances of destruction of the civilians based on pilot work, exhumation, reminiscences of the locals, and archival materials.

Assessing the demographic situation in single-industry cities: The Nizhny Novgorod agglomeration case study

Subject. This article deals with the issues of development of the economy of monocities and creation of agglomerations. Objectives. The article aims to assess the impact of an urban agglomeration on changing the demographic situation in the monocities that make up its membership. Methods. Examining the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, and official websites of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and monocities under consideration, we used a comparative analysis. Results. Manufacturing and agriculture are the basis of the industry specialization of the monocities under consideration. During the period 2018–2020, the demographic situation in the monocities of the Nizhny Novgorod metropolitan area has not changed much. Conclusions. To include a monocity in the metropolitan area, its various features should be considered. Comprehensive institutional measures to create effective governance models are necessary to heighten an agglomeration effect.

The medical social characteristics and evaluation of life quality of patients with diseases of blood circulation system

The increasing of longevity and quality of life and population health are considered as the most important component of human development index. The diseases of blood circulation system have leading rank in morbidity, disability and mortality of population of Russia representing one of the most actual problems of health care. The diseases of circulatory system negatively effect on physical and mental health, emotional conditions and social components of life activities. All the mentioned results related to cardiovascular diseases can be detected and measured through evaluation of indices of life quality of patients. In Russia, the directive documents and national programs concerning health care modernization were adopted to rectify the unfavorable medical demographic situation on national level through decreasing of mortality, morbidity and disability due to diseases of circulation system. The purpose of the study is to analyze social hygienic characteristic and life quality of patients with diseases of circulation system during 5 years prospective cross-sectional medical statistical study in the Nizhni Novgorod Oblast at the base of the "Specialized Cardio-surgery Clinical Hospital" of Nizhni Novgorod. The study included all patients with certain corresponding criteria of involvement being at hospital treatment in the pilot medical organization. The sampling included 420 patients. The life quality inventory SF-36 and questionnaire were applied to respondents during their first and control (5 years later) visits. The questionnaire covered social and working status, presence of risk factors of cardiovascular diseases. The study demonstrated that among respondents made no control of cholesterol level 40.3%, arterial blood pressure - 16% that determines necessity of amelioration of sanitary education activities of population. The low level of income (less than 6000 rubles per one member of family) was marked by 42% of respondents. At that, 77% had financial problems with medications purchasing that testifies necessity in co-financing with the state. The results of the study testify the positive impact of implementation of target programs of prevention of cardiovascular diseases on the life quality of patients in the pilot subject of The Russian Federation. The original technique of sociological surveys and evaluation of life quality of patients can be applied at the regional level in development of managerial decision making.

“Agglomeration of flows”: Case of migration ties between the Arctic and the southern regions of Russia

AbstractAlthough the northern regions of Russia are relatively sparsely populated, they account for a significant portion of all‐Russian migrations. Contrary to the widespread stereotype that these migrations are based on the return of people who migrated to the North and Arctic during the Soviet era, there is a two‐way migration (although outflow from the North in many cases prevails). At the same time, a number of pairs of regions (northern—southern) have developed, migration between which is especially strong. To identify them, the method of calculating Migration Indices of Proportionality of (spatial) Structure was used. It is based on calculating migration volumes in a model based on the hypothesis of a uniform distribution of migration flows. The discrepancy between the real volumes of migration and the model ones makes it possible to identify extraordinary flows between a couple of regions. Examples of such flows are: Murmansk Oblast’–Novgorod Oblast’, Magadan Oblast’—Belgorod Oblast’, Kamchatka Oblast’—Kaliningrad Oblast’, Yamal‐Nenets Autonomous Okrug—Republic of Bashkortostan, etc. The history of the “exit” of migrants to the North during the Soviet era, but also to a large extent with the unique institutional features of individual regions of Russia.

Online education in the digital transformation system of Russian universities: Statistics 2020

Subject. In the context of digital transformation of the society, online courses, as a form of basic and additional education in universities, play a crucial role. Objectives. I consider the types and content of online courses used by universities for distance education, analyze the perception of the new forms of educational process by teachers and students, and positive and negative aspects of distance learning in 2020. Methods. The study employs statistical methods of data collection, generalization of basic statistics, analysis of obtained results and materials that are published in scientific publications and mass media, best practices for remote learning. Results. The paper provides consolidated assessment of positive and negative aspects of remote regime of the traditional form of education, the participation of universities in programs for online mass education, the demand for and directions of supplementary education in the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast, State support to digital transformation of universities in 2020. Conclusions. At the current stage of digital transformation of education, universities use different options to implement distance learning. Online courses, being the main form of modern university education, are developing and improving rapidly. They play an important role in the system of training specialists for the national economy and individual development.

Seals from Tver, Novgorod and Smolensk oblasts in I. N. Parusimov’s collection

This paper continues a series of publications devoted to seals from the collection of the Rostov archaeologist Igor N. Parusimov. Here six seals from Tver, Novgorod and Smolensk oblasts are reproduced and discussed. All these items have already been published by I. N. Parusimov. In the present article, some comments are presented for the observations proposed by I. N. Parusimov.