Novelty Filter Research Articles

Optical novelty filters

A novelty filter detects what is new in a scene and may be likened to a temporal high-pass filter. The current status of optical novelty filters and related devices, based upon four-wave mixing and two-beam coupling in photorefractive media, is reviewed. A detector that shows only what is not new, a monotony filter, may be likened to a temporal low-pass filter. Demonstrations of high- and low-pass and bandpass temporal image filters are then discussed. An analytical treatment of the two-beam coupling devices is given in a Laplace transform framework in the undepleted pump approximation assuming plane wave inputs. This allows a unified treatment of the various filter characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

OPTICAL NOVELTY FILTERS

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text JACK FEINBERG, "OPTICAL NOVELTY FILTERS," Optics News 14(12), 39-40 (1988) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

Time-integrating interferometry using photorefractive fanout

We have experimentally demonstrated a single-beam interferometer that effectively subtracts an exponentially weighted history of the input from the current value, thus functioning as a novelty filter. The single-beam interferometer uses signal depletion due to noise amplification (fanout) in a specially cut crystal of photorefractive BaTiO(3). To demonstrate its real-time operation we used a Hughes liquid-crystal light valve to convert a video image into a phase- and/or amplitude-modulated input signal. Potential applications of this interferometer include image-clutter removal, motion detection and tracking, edge enhancement, and image time differentiation.

Nonlinear Optical Image Subtraction For Potential Industrial Applications

Recent advances in optical phase conjugation and energy coupling at optical powers as low as a few milliwatts have added a new dimension to optical image processing. Conventional image processing techniques based on convolution/correlation, matched filtering, and holographic interferometry can now be achieved with much simpler components and usually at much higher efficiency by incorporating these new features. Some of the application concepts that had been impracticable can now be realized. The basic principle and potential industrial applications of real-time image subtraction using dynamic holograms are reviewed. Optical implementations and experimental results on image subtraction, novelty filtering, and defect detection are discussed.

Resonator Memories And Optical Novelty Filters

Optical resonators having holographic elements are potential candidates for storing information that can be accessed through content-addressable or associative recall. Closely related to the resonator memory is the optical novelty filter, which can detect the differences between a test object and a set of reference objects. We discuss implementations of these devices using continuous optical media such as photorefractive ma-terials. The discussion is framed in the context of neural network models. There are both formal and qualitative similarities between the resonator memory and optical novelty filter and network models. Mode competition arises in the theory of the resonator memory, much as it does in some network models. We show that the role of the phenomena of "daydream-ing" in the real-time programmable optical resonator is very much akin to the role of "unlearning" in neural network memories. The theory of programming the real-time memory for a single mode is given in detail. This leads to a discussion of the optical novelty filter. Experimental results for the resonator memory, the real-time programmable memory, and the optical tracking novelty filter are reviewed. We also point to several issues that need to be addressed in order to implement more formal models of neural networks.

Optical tracking novelty filter

We demonstrate an optical filter that displays the time-dependent features of a scene. The heart of the device is an interferometer that is sensitive not to the difference between two optical paths lengths but to changes in the path-length difference. The interferometer arms share a phase-conjugating mirror. The phase conjugator ensures that, at steady state, the output of the interferometer is dark. The response of the interferometer to a step differential change in the optical lengths is a decaying exponential having a time constant governed by the time response of the phase conjugator. The interferometer may be used to monitor time- and space-dependent optical phase changes that are due, for example, to transparent fluid motion. With a modified liquid-crystal television used as a spatial light phase modulator in the interferometer, we detect time-dependent features of an image viewed by a video camera.

Adaptive invariant novelty filters

The multiple-channel novelty filters of associative memory are derived from the retina neuron network point-spread function. Scale and rotation invariance is achieved by the input data flowing through the nonuniform polar exponential sampling to a uniform output space. Image domain bandpassing techniques are then used to extract the low-band and high-band frequency contents of the equivalent novelty filters.