Novel Method For Extraction Research Articles

Assessing biological stress markers in the hair of individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis using a novel method of extraction

Assessing biological stress markers in the hair of individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis using a novel method of extraction

Novel Method for Extraction of Ship Target with Overlaps in SAR Image via EM Algorithm

Novel Method for Extraction of Ship Target with Overlaps in SAR Image via EM Algorithm

A novel method for extraction of high purity and high production Phytophthora sojae oospores

BackgroundPhytophthora sojae, a soil-borne oomycete pathogen, has been a yield limiting factor for more than 60 years on soybean. The resurgence of P. sojae (Phytophthora sojae) is primarily ascribed to the durable oospores found in soil and remnants of the disease. P. sojae is capable of infesting at any growth periods of the soybean, and the succeed infestation of P. sojae is predominantly attributed to long-lived oospores present in soil. Comprehending the molecular mechanisms that drive oospores formation and their significance in infestation is the key for effective management of the disease. However, the existing challenges in isolating and extracting significant quantities of oospores pose limitations in investigating the sexual reproductive stages of P. sojae.ResultsThe study focused on optimizing and refining the culture conditions and extraction process of P. sojae, resulting in establishment of an efficient and the dependable method for extraction. Novel optimized approach was yielded greater quantities of high-purity P. sojae oospores than traditional methods. The novel approach exceeds the traditional approaches with respect to viability, survival ability, germination rates of new oospores and the pathogenicity of oospores in potting experiments.ConclusionThe proposed method for extracting P. sojae oospores efficiently yielded a substantial quantity of highly pure, viable, and pathogenic oospores. The enhancements in oospores extraction techniques will promote the research on the sexual reproductive mechanisms of P. sojae and lead to the creation of innovative and effective approaches for managing oomycete diseases.

A Novel Method of Extraction and Purification of Bacterial DNA for PCR Detection of MecA, 16SrRNA, VanB

Bacteria are the main pest of nosocomial infections in healthcare facilities around the world. The aim of this study is to modify and minimize the amount of time, while still having no influence on the extraction's purity of DNA the method of extracting the DNA molecule and compare it with other methods that take longer to extract and purify DNA. This study examined two processes for isolating DNA from Gram-positive bacterial species: a boiling method and an enzymatic method that took one hour. In addition, the collected DNA was subjected to spectrophotometry, agarose gel electrophoresis, and PCR for both quantitative and qualitative examination. The results presented in this work show that boiling method pretreatment facilitates efficient cell lysis and DNA extraction, leading to increased yields of isolated bacterial DNA. In addition, DNA suitability for PCR-based identification of mecA,16SrRNA, VanB to Gram positive S. aureus strains was analyzed. Our findings demonstrated that the DNA generated by this simple approach is low-cost, quick, and safe, and that the process may be utilized in PCR methods on a wide range of gram-positive and gram negative species, as well as in laboratories without the necessary materials, tools, or technology

A Two-Step Approach to Orange Peel Waste Valorization: Consecutive Extraction of Pectin and Hesperidin.

Citrus consumption translates into large amounts of residue, the disposal of which is associated with environmental issues and high costs. Current trends in citrus waste focus on the extraction of highly valued bioactive compounds via single-compound extraction. There is a lack of knowledge on how these methodologies can be introduced into extraction schemes of bioactive compounds, maximizing the residue potential and reducing its amount. The present work aimed to address this issue by designing a consecutive extraction of pectin and hesperidin from orange peel waste. A novel method for extraction and precipitation of hesperidin with an eco-friendly approach is also presented. After neutral pretreatment, pectin extraction was conducted under acidic conditions, followed by hesperidin extraction with a drastic pH change. Pectin had a high AUA content (66.20 ± 1.25%), meeting the criteria for use in the food industry. The best-tested conditions for hesperidin extraction (30 min, 70 °C, 1:10 (w/v)) provided a yield of 1% and a purity of 84%. The designed extraction scheme shows the potential of citrus waste as a source of bioactive compounds of good quality and high interest in the food industry while following the principles of green chemistry and circular economy.

Conventional and Novel Methods for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Materials

Conventional and Novel Methods for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Materials

A novel method for extraction and quantification of feather triiodothyronine (T3) and application to ecotoxicology of Purple Martin (Progne subis)

Seventy-three percent of aerial insectivore species of birds breeding in North America have declined in the past five years. This decline is even greater in migratory insectivorous species, which face stressors in both their breeding and non-breeding ranges. The Purple Martin (Progne subis) is an aerial insectivore swallow that overwinters in South America and migrates to North America to breed. Purple Martin populations have declined by an estimated 25% since 1966. The eastern subspecies (P. subis subis) has declined the most and overwinters in the Amazon Basin, a region rich in environmental mercury (Hg) contamination. Previous studies reported elevated levels of Hg in feathers of this subspecies, which correlated negatively with body mass and fat reserves. Given the propensity of Hg to disrupt the endocrine system, and the role of thyroid hormones in regulating fat metabolism, this study quantifies concentrations of Hg and the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) in the feathers of P. subis subis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to extract and quantify T3 in feathers; thus, we developed, tested, and optimized a method for extracting T3 from feather tissue and validated an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to quantify T3 in Purple Martin feathers. The developed method yielded acceptable results for both parallelism and accuracy. The observed T3 concentrations were statistically modeled along with total Hg (THg) concentrations, but these variables were not significantly correlated. This suggests that the observed variation in THg concentration may be insufficient to cause a discernible change in T3 concentration. Furthermore, the observed effect of breeding location on feather T3 concentration might have obscured any effect of Hg.

A novel method for extraction of paramylon from Euglena gracilis for industrial production

For establishing an extraction process of paramylon for industrial production, the process of disrupting and concentrating Euglena gracilis cells by disc stack centrifuge (DSC), and then paramylon was extracted successfully on the pilot scale by the method of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in this study. The results revealed that the cell disruption rate of 93.44 % could be obtained by disc stack centrifuge. The optimal extraction conditions of paramylon in E. gracilis concentrate were SDS addition of 5.4 g L−1, extraction temperature of 76 °C, single extraction time of 42 min, and the number of extraction times of 2. There was no photosynthetic pigment residue in the extract before washing. Furthermore, washing 3 times could effectively reduce the SDS residue in paramylon. The content of paramylon extracted by the pilot process is >97 %. The extraction yield can reach >92 %. There are no cytochrome and SDS residues in paramylon. The extraction process of paramylon established in this study is convenient, free of organic solvent, and easy to operate and scale up.

A novel method for extraction, clean-up and analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in different plant matrices using LC-MS/MS

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are chemicals of concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxic properties. PFAS accumulation in plants poses a risk of human and animal exposure due to consumption of the affected plants, but also allows plants to be used in remediation of PFAS-contaminated soils and groundwater. Therefore, effective extraction, cleanup, and analytical methods for measuring PFAS concentrations in plants are fundamental for research on animal and environmental health. PFAS analysis in plant matrices is complex, due to high matrix interference, and scarcity of methods for analyzing different classes of PFAS. In this study, a simple sample preparation method for PFAS analysis in various plant tissues (leaves, needles, twigs, stems, roots from 10 different species) was developed and validated. Instrumental analysis was performed using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was optimized considering six different extraction conditions and three different cleanup techniques. Methanol as extraction solvent, combined with 1 g ENVI carb cartridges, showed best performance among all extraction conditions and cleanup techniques tested. Method validation showed good recovery (90–120%), high within-day and between-day precision (<20% relative standard deviation), and low method detection limit (0.04–4.8 ng g−1 dry weight (dw)) for different plant matrices. In tests of the method on soil and different plant tissues of silver birch (Betula pendula) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) at a PFAS-contaminated site, 16 of 24 target PFAS were detected in plants and 17 in soil. ƩPFAS concentration in soil was 43 ng g−1 dw. PFAS distribution in silver birch tissues ranged from 7.1 ng g−1 dw in roots to 64 ng g−1 dw in leaves, and in Norway spruce from 14 ng g−1 dw in roots to 16 ng g−1 dw in needles. This novel method for PFAS analysis in plants can be valuable in future monitoring, process understanding, remediation, and risk assessments.

Novel method for extraction of lignin from Pinus roxburghii (PR) needles and its application for antimicrobial lignin-silver composite synthesis

Due to the easy proliferation of microbes on different surfaces, fundamental studies are being performed globally to replace the older methods with new ones that provide better potency to the antimicrobials and are environmental-friendly. The present study focuses on the extraction of lignin, from Pinus roxburghii leaves and subsequently using the same for the synthesis of lignin silver composites. For achieving the same the dried fallen needles were collected, grinded to powder, and subjected to treatment with acetic acid, formic acid and water using different ratios and at different temperatures following a novel method for the extraction of lignin. The extracted lignin was characterised by various techniques such as FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS to get evidence of successful extraction with excellent purity. Two lignin-silver composite bio-films were synthesized with one having guar gum and other with agar. The films were subjected to the anti-microbial studies against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The results indicate enhanced antimicrobial activity of the composites than the precursor lignin and these have high potential for use in wound dressing and healing applications.

EP-440 A novel approach to extraction of a bezoar

Abstract Introduction A young girl presented with a confounding clinical picture of abdominal pain, not tolerating oral feeds on a background of being hypoalbuminemic and anemic. She had been evaluated at multiple instances in the past for similar complaints. Methods On further evaluation this turned out to be secondary to a bezoar lodged in her stomach and small bowel. This had been causing her severe distress over a period of 6 months with significant weight loss. Extraction of the bezoar by gastroscopy was not possible and she was taken up for surgery. Results Intra-operatively, we describe a novel method of extraction of the bezoar by using laparoscopic instruments through the incision over the gastric wall and extraction of the bezoar. Conclusion A novel method describing extraction of foreign body from the intestine

A newly developed and validated LC–MS/MS method for measuring 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) concentration in human skin: a tool for vitamin D photobiology research

BackgroundUVB absorption by 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) in the skin triggers the production of vitamin D and its metabolites, which maintain calcium homeostasis. Detection and measurement of 7DHC in skin using modern liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) techniques have been lacking, yet there is need for such a technique to provide more information on 7DHC concentration and its UVB responses in human skin.ObjectivesTo develop and validate a reliable method to measure 7DHC concentration in skin.MethodsHuman skin punch biopsies of 5 mm diameter obtained through the Manchester Skin Health Biobank were utilised. 7DHC was extracted with ethyl acetate:methanol 1:1 (v/v) and derivatised using 4-phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione (PTAD), to allow for improved ionisation of 7DHC through Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (ESI–MS). Solid supported liquid extraction (SLE) was also employed to allow the removal of larger lipids from 7DHC and minimise potential matrix effects.ResultsThe LC–MS/MS assay satisfied International Council for Harmonisation research standards for method validation. Calibration curve was linear with a typical r2 of 0.997, coefficient of variation was 11.1% and 4.32% for inter-assay and intra-assay imprecision, respectively. Lower limit of quantification was 1.6 µg/g and upper limit of quantification was 100 µg/g, SLE recovery of 7DHC was on average 91.4%.ConclusionsWe have developed a robust, precise and accurate assay for the detection and quantification of 7DHC in small samples of human skin (0.2 cm2 surface area). This novel method of extraction and quantification will be valuable to future vitamin D photobiology research.Graphical

Robust Extraction of 3D Line Segment Features from Unorganized Building Point Clouds

As one of the most common features, 3D line segments provide visual information in scene surfaces and play an important role in many applications. However, due to the huge, unstructured, and non-uniform characteristics of building point clouds, 3D line segment extraction is a complicated task. This paper presents a novel method for extraction of 3D line segment features from an unorganized building point cloud. Given the input point cloud, three steps were performed to extract 3D line segment features. Firstly, we performed data pre-processing, including subsampling, filtering and projection. Secondly, a projection-based method was proposed to divide the input point cloud into vertical and horizontal planes. Finally, for each 3D plane, all points belonging to it were projected onto the fitting plane, and the α-shape algorithm was exploited to extract the boundary points of each plane. The 3D line segment structures were extracted from the boundary points, followed by a 3D line segment merging procedure. Corresponding experiments demonstrate that the proposed method works well in both high-quality TLS and low-quality RGB-D point clouds. Moreover, the robustness in the presence of a high degree of noise is also demonstrated. A comparison with state-of-the-art techniques demonstrates that our method is considerably faster and scales significantly better than previous ones. To further verify the effectiveness of the line segments extracted by the proposed method, we also present a line-based registration framework, which employs the extracted 2D-projected line segments for coarse registration of building point clouds.

Reflections and the geometry of quaternion extraction methods

The present article puts forth a novel method for extraction of a quaternion from a given rotation matrix. The proposed method improves over other time performing methods through a more accurate orthonormalization of noisy rotation matrices. To arrive at said method, it is here first shown that a duality between a quaternion extraction and the extraction of a reflection (or projection) direction can be established, by virtue of the fact that the reflection (or projection) along a given rotation quaternion can be uniquely identified with the corresponding rotation matrix. Under this duality, a geometric interpretation and equivalence of known quaternion extraction methods is put forth, wherein the methods are seen to correspond to a reflection (or projection) extraction in a four dimensional space.

Microwave-assisted polyethylene glycol-based aqueous two-phase extraction of gallic acid and ellagic acid from Euonymus alatus: Process optimization, quantification analysis and antioxidant activity

A novel method of extraction and separation of gallic acid and ellagic acid from Euonymus alatus was developed by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) coupled with aqueous surfactant two-phase extraction (ASTPE). Using PEG-400/(NH4)2SO4 system as the extractant, the effects of key factors on the extraction yields of the phenolic acids were investigated by response surface methodology. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: (NH4)2SO4 concentration 17.74% (w/w), PEG-400 concentration 25.94% (w/w), extraction temperature 95.40 °C and liquid-to-material ratio of 59.99:1. The results of validation experiments were close to the predictedvalues of the model. The extraction yields of the phenolic acids for MAE-ASTPE were superior to that of conventional methods. The proposed approach coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography was successfully applied for extraction and determination of the phenolic acids in three batches of Euonymus alatus. The extraction yields of gallic acid and ellagic acid were 0.4532 ± 0.0031, 0.5864 ± 0.0061, 0.4966 ± 0.0056 mg/g and 0.1713 ± 0.0043, 0.3072 ± 0.0030, 0.1374 ± 0.0015 mg/g, respectively. The extract obtained by MAE-ASTPE had stronger antioxidant activity, and EC50 values of scavenging DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), hydroxyl, superoxide and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals were respectively 198.5 ± 1.2, 358.0 ± 2.8, 776.3 ± 3.3 and 333.6 ± 1.8 μg/mL. MAE integrated with ASTPE could improve not only extraction efficiency but also extraction selectivity, and facilitated to develop natural antioxidant from Euonymus alatus.

Energy efficient method of supercritical extraction of oil from oil shale

The only method currently used for producing oil from oil shale is high temperature retorting, which is wasteful of energy and gives oil with a high content of heavy oil. The novel method of extraction used in this study, involving supercritical propane with tetrahydrofuran as a co-solvent, solves the problem of the high cost of producing oil by conventional high temperature retorting. El-Lajjun oil shale from Jordan was used to evaluate the reaction yield and the characteristics of the product. At supercritical propane temperature and pressure (100 °C and 4.3 MPa), the yield was high and comparable to that for the conventional retorting method (>350 °C). As the temperature increased to 200 °C, the oil yield increased with pressure. The oil obtained was high in aliphatic hydrocarbons but with significant amounts of ethers, some carbonyls and sulfur-oxygen compounds. Hydrodeoxygenation and hydrodesulfurization of the produced oils using NiMo-Al-SBA-15 catalysts significantly enhanced the quality of the oil by decreasing the oxygen and sulfur contents and increasing the aliphatic and diesel fractions.This work leads to an enduring breakthrough technology that substantially reduces costs, waste, energy and the environmental impact of using oil shale as a raw material for liquid fuel production using Green Technology. Recovery of THF is high (>95%) and re-use of THF and propane would be essential for commercial application.

A novel method for extraction, quantification, and identification of microplastics in CreamType of cosmetic products

The objective of this study was to develop an accessible and accurate analysis method for microplastics that have been unintentionally added to cream cosmetic products. An experiment was performed on three cleansing creams in rich and viscous formulations. A spiked sample was prepared by adding polyethylene (PE) microspheres to the cleansing creams. After removing cosmetic ingredients from the creams using chemical digestion, damage to the PE microspheres was identified using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images were obtained before and after digestion and used to characterize the morphology of the PE microspheres. The highest digestion efficiency was obtained using a chemical digestion method consisting of heating and stirring a sample in a 10 wt% KOH solution at 55 °C and 300 rpm for 5 days and did not damage the PE microspheres. The Nile red (9-diethylamino-5H-benzo[α]phenoxazine-5-one) staining method was effective in identifying small microplastics (< 106 μm). The optimal staining conditions are 5 μg/ml Nile red in n-hexane for green wavelengths.

A novel method for extraction of platinum from spent automotive catalyst: utilization of spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst as flux

ABSTRACT A novel method of smelting of mixture of spent automotive catalyst (SAC) and spent fluid catalytic cracking catalyst (SFCC) to recover platinum and prepare glass slag was investigated. Compared to other metals collection processes for single hazardous waste solid, this method reduced the amount of fluxing materials addition and increased the processing types of hazardous solid waste simultaneously. The optimum SFCC addition, iron collector addition, Na2B2O4•10H2O addition, CaO/SiO2 mass ratio, temperature, and holding time for platinum recovery were 20, 11, 16 wt%, 0.6, 1550–1600°C, and 60 min, respectively. In this proposed combined process, more than 98% of platinum is efficiently recovered from SAC. Meanwhile, the concentration of platinum in glass slag was less than 7 g/t. The leaching characteristics of heavy metals in slag confirmed the obtained glass slag is a non-hazardous slag due to the low leaching rate of heavy metal ions. This article proposed an effective and environmentally friendly method for the recovery of platinum from SAC via a combined smelting process.

FCN-LectureNet: Extractive Summarization of Whiteboard and Chalkboard Lecture Videos

Recording and sharing of educational or lecture videos has increased in recent years. Within these recordings, we find a large number of math-oriented lectures and tutorials which attract students of all levels. Many of the topics covered by these recordings are better explained using handwritten content on whiteboards or chalkboards. Hence, we find large numbers of lecture videos that feature the instructor writing on a surface. In this work, we propose a novel method for extraction and summarization of the handwritten content found in such videos. Our method is based on a fully convolutional network, FCN-LectureNet, which can extract the handwritten content from the video as binary images. These are further analyzed to identify the unique and stable units of content to produce a spatial-temporal index of handwritten content. A signal which approximates content deletion events is then built using information from the spatial-temporal index. The peaks of this signal are used to create temporal segments of the lecture based on the notion that sub-topics change when large portions of content are deleted. Finally, we use these segments to create an extractive summary of the handwritten content based on key-frames. This will facilitate content-based search and retrieval of these lecture videos. In this work, we also extend the AccessMath dataset to create a novel dataset for benchmarking of lecture video summarization called LectureMath. Our experiments on both datasets show that our novel method can outperform existing methods especially on the larger and more challenging dataset. Our code and data are publicly available.

A novel method for extraction of polypropylene microplastics in swine manure.

With the development of modern industry and agriculture, plentiful microplastics (MPs) were produced as a result of the abuse of plastic. The widespread presence of MPs in soils has caused coastal ecological environment pollution. Previous research has shown that fertilizer is one pathway for the entry of MPs into agricultural soils. Meanwhile, livestock manure is a major fertilizer for crops, and the application of livestock manure compost creates a potential pathway for MPs to enter soils. Thus, MPs may exist in livestock manure from the process of livestock breeding and ultimately contaminate agricultural soils. Based on the increasing attention to MP pollution, manure-born MPs will attract more interest in the future. Thus, the present study compares the extraction effects of centrifugation with fractional distillation, and an improved method is introduced to extract polypropylene (PP) from different types of swine manure. The numbers of particles and fibers were determined using a camera (MS60) connected to a stereomicroscope (Mshot MZ62), and the results showed that the recovery rate of plastic particles in swine manure based on different added numbers ranged from 71.43% ± 8.36 to 96.67% ± 3.33 with the centrifugation method, and only 31.11% ± 10.56 to 43.33% ± 12.56 using fractional distilling. The recovery rate for fibers was generally higher than for particles, especially using centrifugation, and ranged from 95.67% ± 1.58 to 100% ± 0, while the rate of fiber recovery using fractional distillation ranged from 39.44% ± 10.66 to 39.44 ± 10.66. The results of recovery rates using the two methods show that the effect of extraction by centrifugation is superior to the method of fractional distillation, with a recovery rate of approximately 100% for fibers and 90% for particles. The recovery number of microplastics evaluated with a line regression model was acceptable. Graphical abstract.