Notopterus Chitala Research Articles

Modelling carbon dioxide gas emission from Notopterus chitala fish ponds by stella software

The rapid development of the areas of ​​Notopterus chitala fish ponds in Hau Giang province in recent years has raised a question about greenhouse gas emissions, in the form of total carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e). There are many parameters that affect greenhouse gas emissions in a fish pond, such as amount of feed, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the water, pH, water temperature, windy velocity and sunlight reaching the pond surface. In this study, a System Thinking, Experimental Learning Laboratory with Animation, shortly called as Stella is applied as a visual programming language for system dynamics modelling in order to find the relationship between simulated CO2 and measured CO2 in Notopterus chitala fish pond. Three ponds were used for measuring average pH, temperature, feeds, DO, COD and phytoplankton inside the ponds while windy speed and light intensity data were collected from a Weather Station nearby. The results of model calibration and validation showed that the Stella 8.0 can be used as predictable tool for the change in time of CO2 emission during 240 days of fishing. Model can help fishing farmers to adjust the quantity of feeds and control the water quality in their Notopterus chitala fish ponds to reduce greenhouse gas emissions appropriately.

Evaluation of Muscle Proximate Composition and Nutritional Value of Six Freshwater Fish Species

Fish is an economically viable source of animal protein that is widely available even in rural areas, making it an easily accessible source of protein. The aim of the present study was to determine the proximate composition and nutritional value of 6 different freshwater species of fishes: Orechromis nitoticus, Labeo rohita, Ompok bimaculatus, Notopterus chitala, Channa striata, and Catla catla. The study was conducted from March to September 2022. Nutritional and economic factors were taken into account in the selection of the fish types. According to our findings, dry fish has high-protein content and low-fat which can contribute greatly to children's as well as adult’s recommended protein intake. Fish nutritional value varies significantly depending on the species, size, and age of the fish, but understanding the proximate composition of the fish can provide us with a general idea of its nutritional profile. The data that has been summarized could prove to be beneficial for further studies to determine how dry fish can be utilized effectively to combat malnutrition issues in India and also shares an insight into nutritional values of different fresh water fishes available in the Kalaburagi region.

Bioaccumulation of two macro-elements (Sodium and Potassium) in relation to body size and condition factor of Notopterus chitala from River Indus, Ghazi Ghat, Pakistan

Notopterus chitala is a member of the primitive teleost lineage and considered as commercially important food fish. To study the concentration of sodium and potassium and the influence of fish size and condition factor on the bioaccumulation of these macro-elements, a total of 16 fish specimens of N. chitala were collected from the River Indus. Mean (±SD) body weight, total length and condition factor was found 250.32±113.93 g, 32.93 ± 4.85 cm and 0.647± 0.094. Fish samples were oven dried, grinded, ashed and digested into 1M HNO3 to make sample solution. Flame atomic absorption measurements were analyzed to detect the concentration of sodium and potassium with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Mean concentration of sodium was found 255.51± 32.45 µgg-1 with range values 206.28-298.70 µgg-1, while potassium was observed 1327.15 ± 234.71 µgg-1 with range 815.08-1694.87 µgg-1 in wet body weight of wild captured N. chitala. Body weight, total length and condition factor represented insignificant correlations with the concentrations of sodium and potassium in N. chitala, indicating no dependence of fish size on the bioaccumulation of these essential minerals in the body of this fish species.

Impact of abiotic factors and heavy metals in predicting the population decline of Near Threatened fish Notopterus chitala in natural habitat

Impact of abiotic factors and heavy metals in predicting the population decline of Near Threatened fish Notopterus chitala in natural habitat

Habitat response of adult fish species under the influence of ecological flow and hydrodynamic regime in perennial river system

AbstractThe escalating anthropogenic activities in recent decades are constantly affecting the aquatic ecology and posing a threat to freshwater species. In this study, a two‐dimensional ecohydraulic model and multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA) coupled framework is employed in the Dikhow River, India, to investigate the favourable habitat condition for the nearly threatened Notopterus chitala fish locally known as Chital fish. The habitat residence suitability and habitat suitability indices are calculated at the observed and ecological flows. The ecological flow rates are computed from flow duration curve shifting and flow duration curve analysis methods. The hydrodynamic computations are carried out using a 1D‐2D coupled MIKE FLOOD model. The habitat assessment of the targeted species is carried out by constructing the suitability curves from the computed hydraulic parameters at different environmental management conditions. Results from the habitat assessment curves indicate that the maximum habitat suitability index is found for the targeted fish species at average annual flow. Based on the MCDA analysis, the outer banks of the meander zones are identified as not suitable residence regions for the target species. This study revealed that the coupled approach could be useful to regulate the stream restoration strategies and identify potential habitat preference locations in the domain.

Effects of salinity stress on antioxidant status and inflammatory responses in females of a "Near Threatened" economically important fish species Notopterus chitala: a mechanistic approach.

In the present study, acute stress responses of adult female Notopterus chitala were scrutinized by antioxidant status and inflammation reaction in the gill and liver at five different salinity exposures (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ppt). Oxidative defense was assessed by determining superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase activities, while malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, and xanthine oxidase levels were determined as indicators of oxidative load. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) and caspase 1 levels were also analyzed. Expression levels of transcription factors (NRF2 and NF-κB) and molecular chaperons (HSF, HSP70, and HSP90) were estimated to evaluate their relative contribution to overcome salinity stress. MDA showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase (gill, + 25.35-90.14%; liver, + 23.88-80.59%) with salinity; SOD (+ 13.72-45.09%) and CAT (+ 12.73-33.96%) exhibited a sharp increase until 9 ppt, followed by a decrease at the highest salinity (12 ppt) (gill, - 3.92%; liver, - 2.18%). Levels of cytokines were observed to increase (+ 52.8-127.42%) in a parallel pattern with increased salinity. HSP70 and HSP90 expressions were higher in gill tissues than those in liver tissues. NRF2 played pivotal role in reducing salinity-induced oxidative load in both the liver and gills. Serum cortisol and carbonic anhydrase were measured and noted to be significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated in salinity stressed groups. Gill Na+-K+-ATPase activity decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in fish exposed to 6, 9, and 12 ppt compared to control. Present study suggests that a hyperosmotic environment induces acute oxidative stress and inflammation, which in turn causes cellular death and impairs tissue functions in freshwater fish species such as Notopterus chitala.

Morphometric Analysis and Proximate Nutrition several Commercial Fish Species from Mesangat wetland, Muara Ancalong, Kutai Timur, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Mesangat wetland has a high diversity of fish, which is traded for consumption by the community. The types of fish consumed have different sizes with unknown morphometric analysis and nutritional content. The purpose of this study was to determine the morphometric measurement (total weight and length, weight of visceral, fin, head, bone, fillet, and gills) and evaluate the proximate content of several commercial fish species from the Mesangat wetland, Muara Ancalong, Kutai Timur. The method used was direct sampling from the field for morphometric measurement, while fish was sampled for further proximate analysis and the results was compared to Standard National Indonesia (SNI). The results found that several species of fish used as consumption have a size that was classified as not in a good growth pattern, namely Channa striata, Notopterus chitala, Pangasiodon hypopthalmus, and Hemibagrus nemurus. Meanwhile, Channa micropeltes, Anabas testudineus, and Helostoma temminckii were found in a good growth pattern category. Furthermore, proximate analysis for sampled fish were in standard such as water content, protein, fat, and fibre. However, ash content was not in a standard. In conclusion, several sampled fish for consumption which was found in the Mesangat wetland are in a good growth condition and nutrition composition.

Effects of Different Protein Level Feeds on the Fingerlings Production of Riverine Endangered Notopterus Chitala (Hamilton, 1882) in Ponds

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of three protein level feeds on the fingerlings production of riverine endangered Notopteruschitala (Hamilton, 1882) for a period of two months in ponds. Chital fry (Initial wt, 5.6±0.19 g) were randomly stocked at the rate of 7410 per hector. Feeding trials were conducted under 3 treatments (T1: feed contains 35% protein, T2: feed contains 30% protein, T3: feed contains 25 % protein) each with 3 replications. No significant (P&lt;0.05) difference was observed for all the water quality parameters among the treatments. A suitable range of water quality parameters (temperature, water transparency (cm)), dissolved oxygen (mg/l), pH, alkalinity (mg/l), ammonia) were recorded with the environment of experimental ponds. The treatment had significant effects on weight gain, ADG, SGR among treatments. Highest weight gain (19.31 ± 0.23 g) was observed in T1, lowest (13.96 ± 0.15 g) in T3. SGR (1.65±0.02) and ADG (0.18±0.005) were significantly (P&lt;0.05) highest in T1 followed by T2 and T3. The N chitala exhibited highest survival rate (96.66%) in T1 than T2 followed by T3 (88.89 %). The best FCR value (3.02±0.09) was recorded in treatment T1 with 35% protein contain feed. Relatively, highest benefits (138690±175.36 BDT/ha) were found from treatment T1 compared to other treatments. Similarly, the cost benefit ratio was highest in T1 (1:1.23) and lowest in T3 (0.95). Findings indicated that treatment T1 (35% protein containing feed) was found best in terms of growth, production and economics of N. chital for fingerling production in ponds.&#x0D; Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 553-563, December 2020

Daya Terima Pempek Terhadap Berbagai Bahan Dasar Daging

In general, in making pempek using sea fish, in this case, belida fish (Notopterus chitala) is ground and added with sago and other spices. Currently the consumption of pempek in South Sumatra is increasing because this food can be consumed at any time of the morning, afternoon, evening, without knowing the time so it is not difficult to get this food because it is available everywhere (street vendors and restaurants). The increasing consumption of pempek in South Sumatra has resulted in belida fish being very difficult to obtain, the effect of the difficulty of finding and obtaining belida fish has an effect on the selling price of belida fish which is very expensive in the market. There needs to be a variation in the use of pempek as a base ingredient. Therefore, this research was conducted. The method used in this study is by means of experimentation by conducting direct experiments on the use of different basic ingredients to the quality of pempek on texture, color, taste, aroma. The parameters used in this study were the organoleptic level test which gave a value of 1-5 for quality (shape, color, aroma, texture, and taste acceptability) which was carried out by 25 untrained panelists by giving a questionnaire containing the organoleptic test format ( cascade test). The organoleptic test results show that the pempek color that the panelists like is from the snakehead fish pempek, the pempek aroma that the panelists like the most is the aroma of the chicken pempek because it is not fishy, ​​the pempek taste that panlenis likes is chicken pempek, the highest value of acceptance or preference is found in chicken pempek.&#x0D; Keywords: chicken, snakehead fish, catfish

Growth response, digestive enzyme activity and stress enzyme status in early stages of an endangered fish, Notopterus chitala (Hamilton, 1822) fed with live feed and formulated diet

A 60 days experimental trial was conducted to study the effect of different diets on growth and survival of near threatened species, Notopterus chitala fry. A total of 450 numbers of fry (0.88 ± 0.01 g) were randomly stocked in 6 treatments in triplicates. The experimental fishes were fed with various live feeds viz., live Tubifex (TF), un-enriched Artemia (UA), enriched Artemia (EA), un-enriched Moina (UM), enriched Moina (EM) and commercial feed (CF). Live feed based treatments showed significantly higher growth rate, digestive enzyme activity and survival than commercial feed. Among the live feeds, enriched live feeds contributed better growth performance with the highest average body weight (4.59 ± 0.17 g) and survival (72.66 ± 2.90%) observed in enriched Artemia fed fishes. The digestive enzyme analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in the intestinal amylase activity among the treatment groups whereas, the highest protease (4.22 ± 0.16 U mg protein−1 min−1) and lipase activity (1.13 ± 0.02 U mg protein−1 min−1) was observed in EM fed treatment group. The reduced level of SOD, catalase, AST and ALT activity was recorded in liver tissue of EA and EM fed group which indicates a lower level of stress in experimental fishes when fed with enriched diet. The study found that the enriched live feed is having a positive impact on growth and survival as compared to its un-enriched counterpart and further Artemia is the most preferred live feed for N. chitala fry.

Fresh Water Fish Fauna of Govind Sagar Reservoir Bundelkhand Region, District Lalitpur UP, India

The present study was aimed to investigate fish fauna of Gobind Sagar Reservoir Bundelkhand region district Lalitpur. Ichthyological study was conducted for twelve months (Feb. 2018-Mar. 2019). It was found to contain a total 29 species of fish fauna besides planktons, benthos and avian fauna. Various major carps, minor carps, cat fishes and weed fishes were identified. Endangered species like Notopterus chitala, Notopterus notopterus, Ompok bimaculatus and Eutropiichthys vacha were also observed.

Culture technique of endangered Notopterus chitala (Hamilton, 1822) with Oreochromis niloticus for domestication in pond habitat

An experiment was carried out for a period of 180 days (1stApril to 30 th September) in 2015 to find out a the suitable culture technique of Notopterus chitala (Hamilton-Buchanan, 1882) in pond habitats located at the Hatchery Complex, Department of Fisheries, University of Rajshahi. The experiment was conducted under 3 treatments (T1: only feed used, T2: feed and Tilapia, T3: only Tilapia used) each with 3 replications. Mean stocking weight of Notopterus chitala was 21.4±0.27 g for all treatments. Basal fertilization was same for all the treatments (cowdung: 1235 kg/ha, urea: 50 kg/ha, TSP: 50 kg/ha). Feed (8-10% of body weight) and fertilized (weekly with cowdung 1000 kg/ha,) based farming was followed in all treatments. Mean value of water temperature varied from 32.53±0.04°C (T2) to 32.57±0.03°C (T1) to transparency 32.34±0.68 (T2) cm to 33.87±0.37cm (T3), Dissolved Oxygen 4.76±0.04mg/l (T3) to 4.91±0.04 mg/1 (T1), pH 7.62±0.03 (T1) to 7.70±0.05 (T2) , alkalinity 127.04±1.4 mg/l (T2) to 131.46±0.92 mg/1 (T3),respectively. The mean value of different growth parameters varied with the followings-final weight 380±.88 g (T1) to 645 ± .57g (T2), weight gain 358.6 ± .14g (T1) to 623.60± .02g (T2), SGR (% bwd-1) 3.84±.02 (T1) to 4.54± .01(T2).The survival rate between 93.33±6.67 % (T1) to 100 ± 0.00 %(T2), and the total production of Notopterus chitala was found 1593.2±2.46(T2) Kg/ha/180 days which was significantly higher than that of others treatments 938.6 ±31.29 (T1), 1133.7±62.98 (T3) respectively. The growth parameters are significantly different among the treatments. The total production of Tilapia was observed 1790.18±0.7(T2) kg/ha/180 days which was higher than 1584.9±0.39(T3).The combined production (Chital + Tilapia) of fish was obtained 3383.2±2.86(T2) which was higher than those of 938.6 ±31.29(T1) and 2718.6±50.1(T3) respectively.The total income raised from 394200±6.36BDT/ha (T1) to 736548±24.04 BDT/ha (T2), net profit 209180±12.49BDT/ha (T1) to 468258±17.63BDT/ha (T2) and CBR 1.13±.01 (T1) to 1.75±.02 (T2) respectively and all growth parameters were significantly (P&lt;0.05) different among the treatments. Treatment T2 (feed and Tilapia used) was proved best in terms of production and economics of N. chitala culture in pond habitats based on experimental results.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(3), 187-194, 2017

Histophysiological and surface ultrastructural studies of the saccus vasculosus of Notopterus chitala (Hamilton)

We investigated the cytoarchitecture and surface ultrastructural characteristics of different cells lining the epithelium of the saccus vasculosus of Notopterus chitala (Hamilton, 1822). The saccus vasculosus, the richly vascularized reddish, sac like organ is situated on the ventral aspect of the diencephalon just behind the pituitary gland. Histologically, the saccus vasculosus consisted of several loculi lined with a heterogeneous population of a large number of specialized coronet cells and a smaller number of alternately arranged supporting cells. The loculi were densely surrounded by blood sinusoids. The loculi opened into several collecting channels that united and ultimately drained into the third ventricle of the brain. The coronet cells possessed central or basal nuclei and an apical globular protrusion. Under scanning electron microscopy, the coronet cells were variable in shape with prominent nuclei. The supporting cells were triangular in shape and placed in between the coronet cells. The apical parts of the coronet cells had different shapes of globular protrusions with distinct stalks. Intense silver stain was noted in the terminal end of the coronet cells and nerves were attached with blood vessels. Under scanning electron microscopy observation, nerve fibers of different caliber were attached to the coronet cells and blood vessels. The various cells of the saccus vasculosus in N. chitala were correlated with their functional significance.

Fresh Water Fish Species D iversity in Matatila Reservoir Bundelkhand Region, District Jhansi UP, India

The present study was aimed to investigate fish species diversity of Matatila Reservoir Bundelkhand region district Jhansi. Ichthyological study was conducted for twelve months (Feb.2013-Mar.2014). It was found to contain a total 27 species of fish fauna besides planktons, benthos and avian fauna. Various major carps, minor carps, cat fishes and weed fishes were identified. Endangered species like Notopterus chitala, Notopterus notopterus, Ompok bimaculatus and Eutropiichthys vacha were also observed.

Undulatory locomotion of flexible foils as biomimetic models for understanding fish propulsion

An undulatory pattern of body bending in which waves pass along the body from head to tail is a major mechanism of creating thrust in many fish species during steady locomotion. Analyses of live fish swimming have provided the foundation of our current understanding of undulatory locomotion, but our inability to experimentally manipulate key variables such as body length, flexural stiffness and tailbeat frequency in freely swimming fish has limited our ability to investigate a number of important features of undulatory propulsion. In this paper we use a mechanical flapping apparatus to create an undulatory wave in swimming flexible foils driven with a heave motion at their leading edge, and compare this motion with body bending patterns of bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and clown knifefish (Notopterus chitala). We found similar swimming speeds, Reynolds and Strouhal numbers, and patterns of curvature and shape between these fish and foils, suggesting that flexible foils provide a useful model for understanding fish undulatory locomotion. We swam foils with different lengths, stiffnesses and heave frequencies while measuring forces, torques and hydrodynamics. From measured forces and torques we calculated thrust and power coefficients, work and cost of transport for each foil. We found that increasing frequency and stiffness produced faster swimming speeds and more thrust. Increasing length had minimal impact on swimming speed, but had a large impact on Strouhal number, thrust coefficient and cost of transport. Foils that were both stiff and long had the lowest cost of transport (in mJ m(-1) g(-1)) at low cycle frequencies, and the ability to reach the highest speed at high cycle frequencies.

Reproductive Biology of Feather Back, Chital (Notopterus chitala, Ham.) Cultured in a Pond of Bangladesh

Studies on Gonadosomatic index (GSI), ova diameter and histology of the gonad were performed to understand reproductive biology of Feather back, Chital (Notopterus chitala) for a period of 6 months from January to June 2010. Thirty live chital fish were used in this study. The mean GSI values for female chital were found to range between 0.20±0.013 and 4.63±0.50. The highest GSI value was found in June. The smallest diameter of ovum was recorded 0.04 mm (January) and the largest was 4.00 mm (June). During the experimental period, the fecundity was ranged from 8,238 to 18,569 (mean 13,052±4607) in fish samples with body weight range from 1,296 to 2,360 (mean 1,742.50±474.44 g) while the relative fecundity was 5.65 to 14.33. Histological study revealed that the percentage of late perinucleolus (LPN) stage was highest in April and Cortical alveoli (CA) stage appeared from April and reached to maximum in May. Vitellogenic stage (VG) appeared in the month of May and chronologically increased through June. Vitellogenic stage (VG) of oocyte as well as highest ova diameter reached to the peak in June. The variations in the gonad weight and GSI of the female fish reached to the peak during June indicating maturity of ovary and definite spawning season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v2i1.13991 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. &amp; Tech. 2 (1): 26-31, June, 2012

Phylogenetic Position Of The Monogenean Malayanodiscoides Bihamuli Lim Et Furtado, 1986 Inferred From Sequence And Secondary Structure Of 28S Rdna

Abstract The present study is a brief description of the morphology and molecular phylogeny of Malayanodiscoides bihamuli Lim and Furtado, 1986 infecting gill filaments of fish Notopterus chitala (Hamilton). The phylogenetic study was made of M. bihamuli and closely related taxa using DNA sequence data obtained from 28S rDNA region. Morphology as well as molecular phylogeny strongly supports the establishment of genus Malayanodiscoides and also demonstrates its close relationship with other genera of class Monogenea. In addition, the 28S secondary structure model was predicted and found to serve as a useful tool for reconstruction of optimal alignment and can be used as an additional source of data incorporating structural parameters of molecules for the study of phylogeny. Application of the secondary 28S structure data allows a more resolved and realistic picture of relationships. Results also demonstrate the phylogenetic utility of the 28S sequence secondary structure data for inferences at higher taxonomic levels.

Presence of paraneuronal pseudobranchial neurosecretory system in the gill region of two air-breathing clupeids, Notopterus chitala and Notopterus notopterus

The pseudobranchial neurosecretory system (PNS) is a system of neurosecretion observed in certain groups of teleosts, which are air-breathing or known to tolerate low oxygen tension in the surrounding water. Like other neuroendocrine cells of gill, cells belonging to this system have also been observed to have a role in condition of hypoxia. Uniformly found in all catfish species, the system was reported to be present in few non-catfish groups also, viz.-Atheriniformes, Channiformes (Devi, 1987), Perciformes, and Clupeiformes (Srivastava et al., 1981; Gopesh, 1983). In an attempt to study the structure and organization of the pseudobranchial neurosecretory system in non-catfish species of teleost, present investigation was undertaken in two species of Notopterus, viz. Notopterus chitala and Notopterus notopterus. The histological observations, using neurosecretion specific stains, undertaken on two clupeids are reported and the findings are discussed in the light of association of PNS with Carotid gland-a structure of intermediate stage in the process of transformation of pseudobranch into the carotid labyrinth, in course of evolution and also the air-breathing habit of the fish.

Breeding Biology, Captive Breeding and Fry Nursing of Himped Featherback (&lt;i&gt;Notopterus chilata&lt;/i&gt;, Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822)

A study was conducted to observe the captive breeding performance with maturing sages and fry nursing of the threatened indigenous fish species Notopterus chitala at Arabpur fish farm (Longitude 89°12'15" E, Latitude 23°10'30" N), Jessore, Bangladesh during 1998 to 2001. The peak period of ovulation for N. chitala was found from July to August and the fish attained its first maturity at third year of age. Captive breeding is the most effective and basis process in case of N. chitala when cemented tank was used for collection of fertilized eggs, percentage of fertilization and hatching in stead of bamboo pole, plastic barrel, cemented tank and barrel made of tin. In the nursery practices live benthos, hatching of Thai punti and silver carp were used as feed of the spawn but the highest growth and survivability of the fish fry obtained by using Barbodes gonionotus (thai punti) spawn and live Tubifex sp. (benthos).Key Words: Fertilization; hatching; growth; survivabilitydoi: 10.3126/eco.v13i0.1628Ecoprint (An International Journal of Ecology) Vol. 13, No. 1, 2006 Page : 41-47

Genetic diversity and conservation of the threatened freshwater Clown Knifefish Notopterus chitala through artificial propagation in the Mekong Delta

Genetic diversity and conservation of the threatened freshwater Clown Knifefish <i>Notopterus chitala</i> through artificial propagation in the Mekong Delta