Notions Of Ownership Research Articles

“I Don’t Feel Like It Is ‘Mine’ at All”: Assessing Wikipedia Editors’ Sense of Individual and Community Ownership

Given Wikipedia’s breadth of coverage, social impact, and longevity as an impactful open knowledge resource, the encyclopedia has been the subject of considerable interdisciplinary research. Building on scholarship related to collaboration, authorship, ownership, and editing in Wikipedia, this study sought to better understand Wikipedians as writers, paying specific attention to their sense of ownership. While previous research has shown that editors engage in individualist editing practices at times, often ignoring community-mediated policy regarding ownership, findings from a mixed-method survey of 117 editors demonstrate the existence of both “individual” and “community” notions of ownership that often reinforce, or mutually inform, each other. This study adds clarity to these issues by demonstrating how feelings of individual ownership, voice, and pride in writing often occur in collaborative circumstances. This research ultimately extends our understanding of collaborative writing in what is one of the most well-known collaborative websites. Despite contemporary theoretical strides advocating for relinquishing ownership concepts in favor of distributed or ecological frameworks, the concept of ownership remains prevalent within digital writing communities, exemplified by Wikipedia.

Owners and occupants: mapping the Blaan of Malbulen (Davao Occidental, Philippines)

ABSTRACT Since the proclamation of the Indigenous People’s Rights Act in 1997, the government of the Philippines has started to issue ancestral domain land titles, in an attempt to outline within its own legal framework how indigenous peoples should deal with land claims, disputes and ownership. Drawing on eleven months of fieldwork (2015–2019), this article describes the notions of ownership (fun) and occupancy (mnè) among the Blaan of Malbulen, and discusses whether their own views of the land are compatible with those proposed by the government. In fact, Blaan do not consider themselves to be the first inhabitants of the land. This status belongs to the fun spirits, its true owners, whose approval is needed to be accepted as an occupant, i.e. to build a house, to hunt, to cut down a tree or to cross a river. Humans are here believed to be mere occupants of the land. Places, humans and nonhuman beings are interwoven in ways that we have investigated through participatory and digital cartography. Mapping these beings reveals an interactive landscape. Its epistemology allows the anthropologist to question their own views and representations of space, and to understand how they may differ from local perspectives.

Examining the power of the social imaginary through competing narratives of data ownership in health research.

ABSTRACTThis article explores the social imaginary in the context of data ownership and the (non-)delivery of the data sharing revolution in biomedicine. We contribute to this special issue on imaginaries by developing a method and paradigm of ‘competing narratives’. Despite multiple initiatives to encourage health data sharing, and a strong ‘open access’ agenda, the data sharing revolution is not yet delivered. Ownership is persistently (though inconsistently) presented as a barrier to data sharing. However, existing literature does not reveal how far appeals to ownership are part of the problem. This paper reports original, interdisciplinary research asking: in health research, in what ways, if at all, do notions of ownership (broadly conceived) of health-related data impact on sharing practices? Doctrinal and empirical research methods are used to expose evidence of drivers behind appeals to ownership in health data sharing. The findings speak to how funders and data custodians can better tailor existing and potential data sharing initiatives to perspectives and behaviors. The concept of ‘my data’ is important: notions of reward, opportunity, control, and safeguarding establish legitimate, potentially competing ‘ownership’ interests in data. In particular, this research raises questions about the long-term effectiveness of an open access ideology that ignores these subtleties. In conclusion we find power in the social imaginary of ownership with respect to biomedical data; however, that power emerges and is enacted in unexpected ways by multiple actors within the ecosystem, often driven by competing narratives about what is at stake. Importantly, formal legal property-type appeals to ownership appear to have far less power in the narratives about data than the ethical and social concerns that underpin responsible biomedical research.

Who owns intersectionality? Some reflections on feminist debates on how theories travel

Feminist scholars have increasingly expressed their worries about the depoliticization of intersectionality since it has travelled from its point of origin in US Black feminist theory to the shores of Europe. They have argued that the subject for which the theory was intended has been displaced, that Black feminists have been excluded from the discussion, and that white European feminists have usurped all the credit for intersectionality as theory. Intersectionality has been transformed into a product of the neoliberal academy rather than the helpmeet for social justice it was meant to be. This article explores three of the bones of contention in these debates about intersectionality and its travels. The author argues that they rest on notions of ownership that, while understandable, are untenable and, ultimately, counterproductive. A case will be made for taking a less proprietary stance toward critical theories and instead treating the travels of intersectionality as an occasion for dialogue rather than a contest over ownership.

Tradițiunea bunului imobil în transferurile de proprietate a domino prin Cartea Funciară

The real property right is a subjective right, with the elements established by the positive rule: usus, fructusand abusus. Between the elements of real property, possession will acquire new valences, considering that the Land Book registry system operates with the element of possession, turning it from a possession de factoto a land registry possession. The Romanian Civil Code tells us that immobile real property is transferred, both between the parties and to third parties, only by registration into the Land Book. Until the acquisition of the land registry possession, an element that gives the real property a complete shape, we will have only the rights to claim on the asset, executed by transfer of that asset. The tradition of the asset thus becomes an essential element in the transfer of immobile real property, in the mandatory report being the equivalent of the fulfilment of the dareobligation, to tradition the land registry possession. In the technical notion of ownership, the real property will be statically seen as an asset and a right belonging to individuals or their patrimony, and dynamically, we will have claims rights whose enforcement imposes not only the title of acquisition but also the handover of land registry possession.

Reconciling Emotion and Rational Choice: Negativistic Auto Theft, Consequence Irrelevance, and the Seduction of Destruction

Objectives: We explore negativism in the context of auto theft and examine its broader phenomenological significance for Rational Choice Theory. Methods: Data were drawn from qualitative, in-depth interviews with 35 active auto thieves operating out of a large Midwestern U.S. city. Results: Negativistic offending is malicious, spiteful, and/or destructive conduct whose purpose is typically more hedonic (i.e., short-term gratification) than instrumental (i.e., resource-generating) or normative (i.e., moralistic). It is made possible by the notion of ownership without responsibility: Offenders controlled a vehicle that was not theirs, promoting consequence irrelevance which in turn unleashed reckless conduct. Conclusions: Consequence irrelevance clarifies negativism’s logic and permits linkage between affect-based and rational choice decision-making models.

I’m a translator and I’m proud: how literary translators view authors and authorship

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the relationship of literary translators with ‘their’ authors and with the source text. The issue has been dealt with from different theoretical perspectives. I will focus instead on the practitioners’ own views, setting these against the scholarly voices and looking for possible similarities and discrepancies. In 1998, Simeoni stated that ‘the more vocal calls for translational emancipation’ had originated not among the translators themselves, but among ‘peripheral observers’, such as translator scholars. Does this claim still hold true, or are translators nowadays more concerned about emancipation, more prone to claim ownership and/or authorship than previous generations? A first glance at the results of a survey among literary translators in Scandinavia seems to indicate that they are not: most respondents apparently do not perceive the translated text as ‘their text’. The free text comments, however, reveal a more differentiated picture. My claim is that to understand literary translators’ ethical stance vis-à-vis the text they are working on, and to give them the rightful credit for their work, we need to revise some of the traditional dichotomies within translation studies, such as creativity versus fidelity, and take a more nuanced stance towards the notions of ownership and authorship.

IMPACT OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The Fourth Industrial Revolution, finally, will change not only what we do but also who we are. It will affect our identity and all the issues associated with it: our sense of privacy, our notions of ownership, our consumption patterns, the time we devote to work and leisure, and how we developour careers, cultivate our skills, meet people, and nurture relationships. The technological revolution in the modern developing environment in which innovative technologies and trends such as the virtual reality (VR), Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics are fundamentally altering the way of living, working and relationships to one another, is known as Fourth Industrial Revolution or Industry 4.0 or Industrie 4.0. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is reshaping every sphere of human life — from government to commerce; from education to healthcare. It is even impacting humanvalues, opportunities, relationships and identities by modifying virtual as well as physical worlds of human beings.

Macro‐economic coordination and elusive ownership in the European Union

The notion of ownership is well known in relation to global governance. In the realm of EU macro‐economic coordination, it has become a buzzword since the revamping process of the European Semester in 2015. This article investigates how ownership by four types of domestic actors (governments, administrations, parliaments and social partners) manifests itself in the European Semester. We conceptualize three types of ownership, namely institutional, political, and cognitive. Using network analysis, semi‐structured interviews, and a small‐scale survey, we find that ownership is strongest among governments and administrations which are able to shape the outputs of the European Semester (institutional ownership) with little political disagreement (political ownership). While national parliaments display low levels of all types of ownership, employers and unions exhibit relatively strong cognitive ownership. We conclude that the European Semester remains a bureaucratic process contributing to building a multi‐level administrative space rather than an arena for political debates.

Whose Speech Is It Anyway? Ownership, Authorship, and the Redfern Address

Whose Speech Is It Anyway? Ownership, Authorship, and the Redfern Address

Young people’s views about consenting to data linkage: Findings from the PEARL qualitative study

ABSTRACT
 BackgroundElectronic administrative data exist in several domains which, if linked, are potentially useful for research. However, benefits from data linkage should be considered alongside risks such as the threat to privacy. Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is a birth cohort study. The Project to Enhance ALSPAC through Record Linkage (PEARL) was established to enrich the ALSPAC resource through linkage between ALSPAC participants and routine sources of health and social data. Qualitative research was incorporated in the PEARL study to examine participants’ views about data linkage and inform approaches to information. This paper focusses on issues of consent.
 MethodsDigitally recorded interviews were conducted with 55 participants aged 17-19 years. Terms and processes relating to consent, anonymization and data linkage were explained to interviewees. Scenarios were used to prompt consideration of linking different sources of data, and whether consent should be requested. Interview recordings were fully transcribed. Thematic analysis was undertaken using the Framework approach.
 ResultsParticipant views on data linkage appeared to be most influenced by: considerations around the social sensitivity of the research question, and; the possibility of tangible health benefits in the public interest. Some participants appeared unsure about the effectiveness of anonymization, or did not always view effective anonymization as making consent unnecessary. This was related to notions of ownership of personal information and etiquette around asking permission for secondary use. Despite different consent procedures being explained, participants tended to equate consent with ‘opt-in’ consent through which participants are ‘asked’ if their data can be used for a specific study. Participants raising similar concerns came to differing conclusions about whether consent was needed. Views changed when presented with different scenarios, and were sometimes inconsistent.
 ConclusionsFindings from this study question the validity of ‘informed consent’ as a cornerstone of good governance, and the extent to which potential research participants understand different types of consent and what they are consenting, or not consenting, to. Pragmatic, imaginative and flexible approaches are needed if research using data linkage is to successfully realise its potential for public good without undermining public trust in the research process.

Things and the Slow Neolithic: the Middle Eastern Transformation

This paper argues that the search for an overarching explanation for the adoption of farming and settled life in the Middle East can be enhanced by a consideration of the dependencies between humans and human-made things from the Late Glacial Maximum onwards. Often not considered in discussions of the origins of agriculture is the long process of human tooth size reduction that started in the Upper Palaeolithic and can reasonably be related to the increased use of grinding stones that created softer and more nutrient-rich plant foods. A consideration of the use of groundstone tools through the Epipalaeolithic and into the Neolithic shows that they were entangled with hearths, ovens, houses and settlements, exchange relations and notions of ownership. The practicalities of processing plants drew humans into pathways that led to intensification, population increase, sedentism and domestication. Much the same can be said for other human-made things such as sickles, storage bins, domestic animal dung and refuse. The dialectical tensions between human-thing dependence and dependency generated the movement towards Neolithicization. Human-thing dependence (involving human dependence on things, thing dependence on humans and thing dependence on other things) afforded opportunities towards which humans (always already in a given state of entanglement) were drawn in order to solve problems. But this dependence also involved dependency, limitation and constraint, leading for example to increases in labour. In order to provide that labour or in other ways to deal with the demands of things and their entanglements with other humans and things, humans made further use of the affordances of things. There was thus a generative spiral leading to sedentism and domestication.

Comparative legal review of trust method ― focused on notion of ownership and legal nature of the rights to benefit ―

Comparative legal review of trust method ― focused on notion of ownership and legal nature of the rights to benefit ―

Arboreal: A Collection of New Woodland Writing by Adrian Cooper

behavior that many characterize as “inhuman ” or “inhumane.” The novelist’s mission embodies the ideal that the Roman playwright Terence enunciated when he had a character say, “Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto” (I am human, and nothing of that which is human is alien to me). A novelist is this kind of human, who is not alien even to the vilest acts of human beings. Ganguly has written an important book, a provocative book, a sensitive book. Perhaps, in the spirit of discourse, she won’t object to some corrections and some animadversions. She writes of the “five or six world languages—English, Mandarin, Arabic, Spanish, French, and Hindi. “Mandarin” is an oral dialect of Chinese: millions of people speak “Mandarin ,” but no one writes in “Mandarin”: the Nobel Prize winner Mo Yan, for example , comes from Shandong province and speaks Shandong dialect, not Mandarin; just as Mao Zedong spoke Hunan dialect, and Deng Xiaoping spoke Sichuan dialect; but they all wrote in Chinese. I question Ganguly’s emphasis on visual witnessing. Cognitive scientists have researched visual witnessing as distinctly unreliable (see The Invisible Gorilla), and perhaps Ganguly does not give sufficient weight to the numbing effect of so much human cruelty that appears in the media. Her prose may be more accessible to academics whose tolerance for jargon is greater than mine, but I had to cancel my normal understanding of “remedial” or “remediation” because Ganguly means by these words, specifically, “rendering in another form.” These animadversions aside, I do not begrudge the time reading this thoughtful analysis, not only of the post-1989 world novel, but a sensitive report on the temper of our times. EugeneEoyang Bloomington,Indiana Arboreal: A Collection of New Woodland Writing. Ed. Adrian Cooper. Toller Fratrum, UK. Little Toller Books. 2016. 326 pages. Arboreal: A Collection of New Woodland Writing focuses on the relationship between people and trees, between societies and forests. Each selection is subtitled with the name of a particular forest or woodland. While Arboreal is set in Britain, it would be of great interest to anyone interested in history or the environment, and the collection has something to offer readers of several genres: the prose selections range from creative nonfiction to short story, and poetry and photography are also included. It is a handsome book that would be a welcome addition to the library of anyone with an interest in traditional woodcraft, arboriculture , ecology, or natural history. The poetry in this collection is superb and varied in style. Take, for example, Adam Thorpe’s “Nine Oaks: Curridge, Berkshire.” Thorpe captures the tree’s essence in the opening stanza: “Every tree is an interlude between applauses / of air, an upside-down splash or that lone cloud’s image. / The limbs go everywhere there is a taste of light.” For a demonstration of range, consider Richard Skelton’s series of concrete poems entitled “Thwaite,” from the Old Norse word for “clearing.” The prose offerings are equally strong. Ali Smith’s story “The Green Stuff: Wandlebury Wood, Cambridge” makes an old allegory fresh through her description of a “green child” and a landowner’s son. It is a haunting, incomplete narrative. The landowner’s son must confront his notions of ownership and memory when the inexplicable happens. Will Ashon’s historical piece, “The Gypsy Stone,” gives a rambling (in the best sense of the word) history of Epping Forest and the role this place had on the fortunes of the transient people who lived there before the twentieth century. Nota Bene WORLDLIT.ORG 89 Valentin Rasputin Ivan’s Daughter Trans. Margaret Winchell Three String Books Ivan’s Daughter is a collection of shorter pieces capturing the experience of postSoviet Russia from Valentin Rasputin’s pointedly ruralist viewpoint. Though often controversial in his political views, Rasputin’s perspectives on the rapid change of the Perestroika period and beyond are vital to outsiders who might seek to understand the mind-set that drives contemporary Russian social and foreign policy. Oy, Caramba! Ed. Ilan Stavans University of New Mexico Press This reissue and expansion of 1994’s Tropical Synagogues samples the crosspollination of Jewish identity with magical realism in fiction and serves as a...

Predicative possession in the languages of the Circum-Baltic area

AbstractThis paper deals with the linguistic means used to express predicative possession in the languages of the Circum-Baltic area. The domain of possession is considered here as a prototypically organized domain, where the prototype is the notion of ownership. It is shown that most languages of the area do not provide evidence of splits in their possession systems: rather, they extend the scope of use of their ownership constructions to include all other non-prototypical possessive notions. The linguistic expression of notions that belong to domains neighboring possession, namely experience, location and attribution, is also analyzed. The results show that these notions are rarely coded by means of possessive constructions: exceptions are explained by invoking semantic causes as well as language contact. A comparison of the functions fulfilled by “have”-verbs in the Indo-European languages of the area and by adessive constructions in the Finnic languages is provided, too, and their different scopes of use are explained with reference to their diachronic development and to processes of areal convergence.

NOWE PRAWO WŁASNOŚCI – PRZEKSZTAŁCENIA W STOSUNKACH WŁASNOŚCIOWYCH W POLSCE W LATACH 1944-1950

NEW PROPRIETORSHIP – PRIVATIZATION TRANSFORMATIONS IN POLAND IN YEARS 1944-1950 Summary In the first years of the People’s Republic of Poland a partial change in the contents and the function of proprietorship occurred. The modification, in which the majority of the society believed for a long time, meant not only the introduction of new subjects under a given proprietorship, but also a real re-definition of the very notion of ownership. Then, shifts in restrictions imposed on proprietorship occurred. Before they were placed besides law, among other things in administrative regulations; as a result of the new solutions they have directly been included in proprietorship. This led to proportion changes between the rights and duties of owners and non-owners. Civil law tradition was abandoned, although it did not treat proprietorship as absolute law, but it did not impose any concreto limits. Civil law tradition accepted the assumption that the possible unlimited freedom of the proprietor connected with law’s flexibility is the characteristic feature of proprietorship. It proved that restrictions did not constitute the essence of ownership and they had a different role in it. Hence, it was underlined that the possible narrowing of the owner’s rights should have short-termed and individual character, established according to the law. Yet, the new transformations of proprietorship accepted a different assumption. The characteristic feature was that they were not distinctly visible and recognizable in the first years. They were not expressed in the theory of law while the thesis was developed in the sphere of politics and propaganda that its aim was to make proprietorship more wide spread and to enhance its social function. The political idea of proprietorship management appeared after many attempts taken up at the turn of the 40s and 50s. The referred theory of law was rather a false justification than the real, essential foundation of taken up activities at that time, as the new authorities did not manage to elaborate a coherent concept of socialist proprietorship fulfilling civil law criteria, even with the help of the Soviet achievements. Due to this reason slogans were mainly used, which were to signify the conformity of practice with the declaration of nationalization. In fact, they concentrated on the current property administration, property either taken over or controlled by the state. It was generally believed by the ruling body that proprietorship could be freely transformed without any negative consequences.

Patient and Family Engagement in Research in Era 3

Patient and Family Engagement in Research in Era 3

Ownership and Exclusivity: Two Visions, Two Traditions

In recent years, many have come to consider the right to exclude as the Punctum Archimedis that the concept of property is based upon. In the present article, I seek to reevaluate the relations between ownership and exclusivity from an unusual vantage point: a comparison between two deeply-rooted legal traditions—Anglo-American law and Jewish law. For this purpose, I analyze four fundamental doctrinal differences between these two legal traditions, namely the cases of unrequested improvement, of benefiting from someone else's property, of performing legally binding transactions in respect of another person's property without obtaining pre-consent, and of imposing positive duties on a non-owner in favor of the owner. The different solutions that were developed by each of the legal traditions explored herein are sharply and clearly reflected in these traditions' unique respective visions regarding notions of ownership and exclusivity. This article intends to bring out the latent connections between the four aforementioned test cases, tracing the threads that weave the various doctrines into coherent conceptions. Ultimately, it also places each of the two legal systems discussed as a challenging mirror image for the other, calling for fresh thinking released from fixations.

Analysis, About the Origin, Development and Formation of the Notion of Ownership, its Review in Relation to the Economic Developments

This article addresses the progress and development of the notion of ownership in relation to the economic developments. The ownership relations are as dynamic as the economic and commercial developments are. For this reason different authors have dwelt upon and treated the characteristics and nuances that this institution adopts in relation to other social relationships in various stages of development. This paper analyzes different opinions about the term and the notion of ownership as well as explaining some of the denominations it has had in the Albanian legislation. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n2s1p201

A tale of two singers: Representation, copyright, and “El Cantante”

In 2002, renowned singer and composer Ruben Blades filed suit against Fania Records successor Sonido. As part of the lawsuit, Blades claimed sole authorship of “El Cantante,” the 1978 salsa classic that became the signature song of vocalist Hector Lavoe. Blades, who wrote the initial stanzas and chorus, acknowledged that Lavoe recorded and popularized the song. He denied, however, Lavoe’s standing as coauthor despite a series of two-line pregones added by the sonero for the original recording. In this essay, I trace the “social life” (Appadurai, 1986) of “El Cantante” and illuminate the ways in which the Copyright Act of 1976 privileges Blades’ claim as sole author by reducing expressive culture to the visible signs fixed in sheet music. Ultimately, however, I show that copyright law remains unable to account for the ways Lavoe’s performances contributed to multiple and overlapping notions of ownership over “El Cantante” and the experience it narrated.