Notion Of Love Research Articles

Sobre la afectividad de la racionalidad poética en el pensamiento de María Zambrano

Here they are revised notions of the Western tradition that conform the discourse of poetic reason, and the way that Maria Zambrano assumed them. Her thought examines the possibilities of the words, either poetic or philosophical, to allow persons to get conscience. She attempts to unify both types of words using a notion of love as essential intent for dealing with the otherness, allowing, also, the human being conscious reflection on the affectivity. To achieve this, she revises culture to find ideas and examples to support the poetic reason as loving and hopeful reflection and as a possibility of the humanity to know about its own feelings.

The impasses of encounter: Psychoanalysis and feminism: A response to Mandy Morgan

This paper is a response to Mandy Morgan’s “Sado-Masochism and Feminist Desire: The Other Measure of True Love Bleeds.” It attempts to take her ambiguities in authorial voice and interrogation of sado-masochism in narrativity and within subjectivity as serious impasses for the understanding of a feminist transformative desire. Although far from touching on all dimensions of the text, the response essay indicates how the dilemma of violence itself erupts in the text and lays out the problematic with which Morgan struggles in all of its complexity. I discuss Morgan’s dialogue with the Lacanian Žižek in relation to his allusion to sexual violence and love. I also discuss some notions of love and trauma as it is framed within a Lacanian perspective.

Erotic Love: Reading Kierkegaard with and without Marion

Abstract: The claim of this article is that in Søren Kierkegaard's notion of love as a basic urge in every human being we find a special dialectic between lack and surplus, between need‐love and gift‐love. Through a comparison with Jean‐Luc Marion's description of erotic love in The Erotic Phenomenon, I demonstrate that Kierkegaard's insistence that love is greater than everything and therefore prior to both existence and knowledge seems, on the one hand, to point in the direction of a metaphysical anchoring of love, which would be foreign to Marion. But at the same time, Kierkegaard, like Marion, stresses that we have a universal, human experience of love, which is anchored bodily and sensed phenomenally. This duality points to the fact that Kierkegaard had a much more nuanced notion of love than that simple distinction between eros and agape that Anders Nygren invented.

Love and Equal Value

This essay offers a way to avoid a clash between reasons of love and reasons of ethics that stems from a difference in the conception of the moral value of people. In moralities of lovers, the loved ones are due to be accorded a value superior to that of other people, whereas in ethics there is an inescapable presumption that people have a value that is equal among them. The usual way to avoid this clash has been either to make room in the ethical arsenal for reasons relating to particular agents, agent-relative reasons, or to acknowledge that love-grounded reasons legitimately compete with ethical reasons and that we need a method of negotiating them. Both escapes have serious problems. The essay proposes a third way. The first step is to reshape the notion of ’love,’ in a direction where important characteristics of our common understanding are kept, notably the loved ones’ uniqueness and incomparability, while the characteristic that is problematic in the present context would be eliminated, namely the you-and-me character of love that gives rise to reasons that are wholly personal and partial. The second step is to show how such a reformed notion of love coheres with the assumption of equal value. And the third step is, through this connection, to change our understanding of love as reason-giving, from generating reason directly to generating reason indirectly. This involves a shift of focus from reason to meta-reason, viz. that which makes our system of, or competence for, normative reasons reasonable. The advantage of the proposed solution would not only be that clash between reasons of love and reasons of ethics is avoided, but also that ethical reasons are seen as underpinned by love, which moreover offers the best ultimate explanation of them.

Love as a Hidden Gender Resource in Chinese Immigrant Women’s Entrepreneurship

Although there has been an increased research interest in recognizing entrepreneurship as an individual strategy, most literature disregards the interplays of human agency and social structure to entrepreneurship. Despite some recognition of emotion in making economic decisions among entrepreneurial discourses on human agency, aspects of emotional capital in explaining motivation to entrepreneurship has been overlooked. The application of the notion of love as an individual strategy for entering business is still unprecedented. To fill these gaps, we aim to bring “love” as a form of emotional capital to the centre of analysis by relating a number of “love stories” that illustrate the motivation for entrepreneurship in a group of 125 Chinese immigrant women in Sydney, Australia, and Richmond, Canada. Using these women’s own accounts of their experiences, this paper attempts to demonstrate that emotion is embedded in economic behaviour when love is used as a resource to enter entrepreneurship. In addition, we intend to explore the dynamics of motivation by intersecting love with the women’s biographical factors, connecting gender, race, ethnicity, class, immigration, and opportunity structures.BR How do Chinese immigrant women in our studies mobilize love as a form of emotional capital to enter entrepreneurship? First, we recognize that the love relation is the underpinning of family relations, which are based on normative giving. Second, we recognize that these women have taken patriarchy as natural, seeing the maintenance of family relationships and solidarity as wives and mothers overriding their own self-interests, to the extent of self-sacrifice for the good of the family. Failing to do so would result in self-blame, guilt, and shame. We therefore postulate that women are motivated by love as a gender resource that is grounded in culture to enter entrepreneurship for the purposes of marriage and family maintenance and economic survival. Further, we suggest that the mobilization of this form of emotional capital is a rational choice, given the adverse situations these immigrant women and their families face as they struggle against structural barriers and scarce opportunities resulting from immigration.BR Love as a gender resource for entering business can be manifested in different ways. Some women were driven into entrepreneurship out of “self-sacrifice” in terms of “giving” for the love of their husbands. Some did so to “give face” or “save face” for their husbands while others did so through contributing their “labour of love.” Others sacrificed their entrepreneurial ambition to “give time” to care for their husband and children. To these women, the business project is a project of love.BR The motivation for entry into entrepreneurship is a complex phenomenon as seen from the experience of this group of immigrant women. By allowing the delineation of the intersections of self, marriage and family, class, race/ethnicity, immigration and settlement process, labour market experience, and opportunity structures, this study opens up new space for future research to help fill the gaps and expand the horizon in our knowledge claims on entrepreneurship.

Adoption, Love, and the Struggle to Be Born

This article outlines a psychological and philosophical approach to working through the trauma of being separated at 9 days old from my biological mother. Notions of love, loss, and grief are explored through an autoethnographic methodology (Ellis & Bochner, 1996) that utilizes writing as a method of inquiry (Richardson, 1994) to explore the world of adoption. What emerges is an awareness of the love that mothers express to their children.

Plato: White and Non-white Love

lato’s dialogues, the Symposium, and Phaedrus, provide a reasonable explanation of love. G. Vlastos and M. Nussbaum do not share such an opinion. The former contends that Plato’s view of love is about loving only a person’s beauty, but not the entire person; thus, it falls short of an appropriate explanation of love. The latter holds that a theory of love should be complete, and that Plato’s one is incomplete on the grounds that it does not account for personal love. These criticisms will be re-evaluated in light of the duality of love (the white and non-white horses—in Phaedrus) as well as participants’ views in the Symposium; a re-assessment will weaken the mentioned objections. This paper contends that from the Symposium and Phaedrus, one can have a fruitful understanding of being in love, being out of love, falling in love, loving for its own sake and being erotically in love. In order to account for these related issues of love it is important to consider Plato’s works in terms of his “official” and “unofficial” views. The former is construed as the doctrine of the lover or loving for its own sake: this is associates with Diotima’s views which are repeated by Socrates. With reference to the latter, it is possible to explain what personal love or being in love, being out of love, falling in love, and being erotically in love involve. Erotic love will be interpreted as an extension of our philosophical conception of love, related to views of love that are mentioned in the Symposium other than Socrates’ report of Diotima’s conceptions. This paper is divided into two parts: the first one will show views of love in the Symposium. That is, being in love, being out of love, falling in love and loving for its own sake will be discussed. In addition, the forementioned criticisms will be re-evaluated. In the second section, we will show that Aristophanes’ speech expresses erotic love, and then Kant’s objections will be explained and discussed. Part One: Unofficial notion of love and the concept of being in love In the Symposium, Agathon invited Socrates and others to his banquet. Including the host, there were eleven of them, and the twelfth being drunk entered when the banquet was nearly finished. On that particular occasion, P

The Elegiac Ass: The Concept of Servitivm Amoris in Apuleius' Metamorphoses

Seruitium amoris, the notion of love as slavery, is a frequent theme in Roman elegy. It inverts Roman reality in representing a free Roman citizen dominated by a woman, evidently from a lower social class. The elegiacamator(‘lover’) elevates his belovedpuella(‘girl’) and treats her as a slave would treat his mistress (domina), obeying her orders and yielding to her wishes and moods. Although it has been widely observed that Lucius, the protagonist of Apuleius'Metamorphoses, acts like a slave towards his beloved, the slave girl Fotis, the idea of elegiacseruitium amorishas not been analysed systematically as an explanation of this strange relationship, and affinities between theMetamorphosesand Roman elegy have even been denied altogether. To date, most investigations have focused not on the mode but on the consequences of Lucius' servile behaviour, culminating in his transformation into an ass and a series of painful adventures brought to an end by the intervention of the goddess Isis.My discussion will argue that in presenting Lucius and Fotis as an elegiac couple, Apuleius adds yet another form of love to the broad spectrum of relationships between the sexes that he presents in theMetamorphoses. It will also contend that by introducing the theme ofseruitium amoris, he helps his audience interpret the complex and richly described relationship between protagonist and slave, a key theme throughout the work.

“What's Love” in an Interconnected World? Ghanaian Market Literature for Youth Responds1

This paper argues that discourses of love in Ghanaian market literature for youth offer a view into complex negotiations of agency and empowerment. Drawing on Deborah Durham's notion of youth as “social `shifters'” and Francis Nyamnjoh's conception of the “interconnectedness” of agency, I take Ghanaian market literature as one specific case of how African literature for youth foregrounds questions of continuity and change as African societies enter into increasingly complex global relations. In this literature for youth, received notions of love, often constructed out of impressions from American pop and hip hop music, carry new notions of agency that compete with existing “domesticated” forms. Authors like Ike Tandoh and Evelyn Tay employ discourses of love to offer youth alternative avenues for empowerment in a context of socio-economic disenfranchizement. In a creative process of “straddling”, this writing both reveals and reproduces the contradictions that obtain in youth configurations of agency.

On conceptual dichotomies and social oppression

This article aims to expose the philosophical and cultural mechanisms, which allow some forms of western religion (in this case mainstream Christianity) to join hands with western capitalism in the oppression of women and of the needy. Focusing on the example of the USA, this article claims that both mainstream Christian religion and capitalism perpetuate and entrench discrimination against women and the oppression of the needy through the use of the cultural/philosophical dichotomy between love and justice and its corollary dichotomy between private and public. Against this background, the second part of the article examines several notions of love and justice, and offers a philosophical alternative to the dichotomous understanding of the two which is based on our claim that neither love nor justice is complete without the other and suggests a combined understanding of these concepts. Finally, the article examines the practical implications of such a theoretical alternative for the social and cultural structures of the capitalist state, religion and the family.

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Computational Experiments With the Fuzzy Love and Romance

The paper report some experiments on the issue of human mating games and sexual preferences in the perspective of population and some macro-social realms. The notions of love, romance, fidelity, and sexual attractiveness are those comprising the theory to human intra-species evolution but yet still rare to be employed to understand human social, economic, and cultural studies in terms of sociology or economics. The paper did experiments on those issues, on the possible relation between population growth, power-law distribution of wealth, and some other relevant points to our realization of evolutionary theory of sexual selection. The paper expects to open an alternative bridge of our advancement in human evolution and the complexity of the social system.

Midlife Perspectives on Falling in Love: The Dialectic of Unique Experiences

This study explores the constructed meanings of falling in love in midlife. In depth interviews were conducted with 12 participants, all of whom had experienced falling in love in midlife. Analysis of the interview data suggest that midlife forms the prism through which the experience of falling in love is perceived: it provides the context, colors the experience, and characterizes its unique nature. The uniqueness is created primarily through dialectic between affirmations (compatibility with the notion of love) and negations (contrasting experiences).

Reproductive monologue: Fernando Vallejo against the world

Fernando Vallejo's 1994 short novel, La Virgen de los Sicarios,1 is a story ofhatred, alienation, and violence. It is narrated through the notions of love, sex, religion, and patriotism. Vallejo tells the story through the protagonist and narrator, F emando, a man in his 50s, who returns to Colombia to die—or more accurately, hoping to be killed. What we ultimately read, however, is not his death, but his departure from Medellin, his hometown. Along the way, we learn of his hatred of Colombia and of essentially all things and people, except for his two male teen lovers. Both lovers are highly practiced killers, and unlike F emando, they are both dead by the novel's end. One might characterise the narrator's hatred as bordering on pathological; however further study suggests grounds for understanding the emotion as a substitute for (in so far as it is the next closest thing to) love, a sentiment that is foreign to Fernando, the gay male narrator.

Love, Honour, and Duty in James Thomson's "Tancred and Sigismunda" (1745)

James Thomson's Tancred and Sigismunda juxtaposes notions of heroic drama with the mid-eighteenth-century sentimentalism of individuality and self-determination. The tragedy centres on the conflict between Siffredi, the late King's adviser, and Tancred, the heir to the throne, who are guided by differing notions of love, honour, and duty. The catastrophe unfolds as Tancred defends his choice of a lover, and it culminates in the death of Sigismunda, Siffredi's daughter, who is torn between filial duty and her love for Tancred. This article aims to contextualize the divergent public and private notions of love, honour, and duty against the background of an emerging bourgeois sense of individuality, on the one hand, and attempts at preserving outdated modes of aristocratic domination on the other.

Labors of Love and Fascism in the Colonial Novel FORTUNA SOTTO VENTO

This study draws upon theories of the emotions as complex constructions that are culturally, socially, and historically contingent, in order to posit a critical frame for examining the meanings attached to love in discourses of Italian colonial emotions. Focusing on the colonial novel Fortuna sotto vento, one of several fictional works penned by the critically acclaimed author Pina Ballario, the essay scrutinizes the ideals, values, pleasures, and prohibitions entwined with diverse representations of love and speculates about how such depictions encode ideal Italian colonial identity, along with differences of gender, race, sexuality, and space. While so doing, the discussion endeavors to situate the designs and functions of love crafted in Ballario's colonial fiction in relation to notions of love and colonial conquest in Fascist writings of the 1930s and in “postcolonial” discourse of the 1990s.

Divine Action and the Trinity: A Brief Exploration of the Grounds of Trinitarian Speech about God in the Theology of Adolf Schlatter

This article explores Schlatter's doctrine of the Trinity in the light of the contemporary debate, focusing on the relation of the economic and the ontological Trinity. It is shown that Schlatter relates God's triune being and God's trinitarian action through the notion of love – where God's love ad extra as well as ad intra is oriented toward the particular in such a way as to enable true otherness. It will be argued, moreover, that Schlatter's contribution to the contemporary trinitarian debate lies in propounding an applied trinitarian theology which is faithful to its object. When God in himself and in relation to creation is oriented toward and actively seeks the other, then theology cannot talk about God's being apart from the actuality of his actions in this world.

‘Instrument of the union of hearts’: The Theology of Personhood and the Bishop

This article explores Schlatter's doctrine of the Trinity in the light of the contemporary debate, focusing on the relation of the economic and the ontological Trinity. It is shown that Schlatter relates God's triune being and God's trinitarian action through the notion of love – where God's love ad extra as well as ad intra is oriented toward the particular in such a way as to enable true otherness. It will be argued, moreover, that Schlatter's contribution to the contemporary trinitarian debate lies in propounding an applied trinitarian theology which is faithful to its object. When God in himself and in relation to creation is oriented toward and actively seeks the other, then theology cannot talk about God's being apart from the actuality of his actions in this world.

Catholic, Calvinist, and Lutheran Doctrines of Eucharistic Presence: A Brief Note towards a Rapprochement

This article explores Schlatter's doctrine of the Trinity in the light of the contemporary debate, focusing on the relation of the economic and the ontological Trinity. It is shown that Schlatter relates God's triune being and God's trinitarian action through the notion of love – where God's love ad extra as well as ad intra is oriented toward the particular in such a way as to enable true otherness. It will be argued, moreover, that Schlatter's contribution to the contemporary trinitarian debate lies in propounding an applied trinitarian theology which is faithful to its object. When God in himself and in relation to creation is oriented toward and actively seeks the other, then theology cannot talk about God's being apart from the actuality of his actions in this world.

“I Do, I Do”: Medieval Models of Marriage and Choice of Partners in Marie de France’s “Le Fraisne”

That de France would choose to write a story about love and with a happy ending is rather a surprise to readers mindful of the historical reality of the Middle Ages. The prospect of a woman having a happy, loving in twelfth-century Renaissance France is bleak indeed. Georges Duby comments on how little historians do know about love between spouses: que savons-nous, en France, au XIIe siecle, de l'amour entre epoux ? Nous n'en savons rien, et n'en saurons, je pense, jamais rien pour l'immense majorite des menages.... (Que sait-on de l'amour en France au XI[I.sup.e] siecle? 5). Notwithstanding, the celebrated historian does mention de France and how her depiction of love in the Lais seeks as its ultimate goal: In the poems attributed to de France, ideal love is that which leads to marriage (The Knight, the Lady, and the Priest 224). Marie's notion of love as a constant presence creates among the poems a reciprocal harmony of lovers in love that makes for a unified collection. Jean Flori's insightful article on Marie's Lais points toward a commonality based on unconventional love: tous racontent une histoire d'amour contrarie et, dans tous les cas, les sympathies de l'auteur vont aux amants tant qu'ils vivent cet amour sans se soucier des convenances sociales (19). Cynthia Ho in her stimulating essay from Crossing the Bridge, assigns monogamy in Marie's Lais a somewhat curious meaning, defined as exclusive, committed love in disregard of vows (142). Robert Hanning in his reflective chapter from The Olde Daunce recognizes the various qualities of Marie's love in its many guises: married and adulterous, young and mature, successful and unsuccessful, idealized and degraded, comic and tragic (95). Philippe Menard in his essay Marie de France et nous insists upon the nature of love as shared: Un aspect touchant de ces peintures tient au fait que l'amour vecu est reciproque (12). Moreover, as evidence that does not value the superficiality of courtly love games, Menard judiciously comments upon Marie's penchant for authenticity in love: En outre, loin d'accepter aveuglement les rites elegants, mais un peu artificiels de l'amour courtois ... prefere la spontaneite et les elans d'un coeur sincere (14). in demands equality between the sexes and thus defies the domination/submission precept of courtly love: L'idee qu'il ne saurait y avoir de domination en amour, qu'aucun des partenaires ne doit commander a l'autre est eminemment etrangere a la doctrine courtoise (15). For Donald Maddox in his provocative book Fictions of Identity in Medieval France, the tender and loving words of Tristan in Chievrefoil link the Lais together: Bele amie, si est de nus:/Ne sanz mei, ne jeo sanz vus (77-78). Maddox maintains that this unadorned utterance is arguably the umbilicus, the key locus of the entire (77). Yves Badel comments on how the brevity of the lays as a genre invites one lay to complement another: un texte court reussi appelle un supplement, demande a etre repris, relance en quelque maniere ... ainsi de recit en recit, narrateur et lecteur sont solidement contraints, par loi dure de la brievete et d'une histoire a chaque fois nouvelle, a un face a face avec le reel de l'existence (39). Thus, we can see how Marie's collection as a literary genre has been assessed by scholars as succinct yet compatible texts that like separate streams find their common source in Marie's abiding wellspring of true love. While true love is everywhere present in Marie, are we able to generalize about love in the Lais? According to Burgess and Busby, generalization may be overly simplistic: Love in medieval literature, as in any other period (indeed, in life itself), is too complex to be reduced to a single model which will not admit of variation (Introduction 27-28). However, woven into the fabric of the Lais, we discover the fine thread of true love that embroiders one lay to another in a seamless tapestry where couples freely choose each other and enter into what we moderns would loosely designate as a relationship. …