Notion Of Interdependence Research Articles

The Interdependence of Adult Relationship Quality and Parenting Behaviours among African American and European Couples in Rural, Low-Income Communities.

The present study extends the spillover and crossover hypotheses to more carefully model the potential interdependence between parent-parent interaction quality and parent-child interaction quality in family systems. Using propensity score matching, the present study attempted to isolate family processes that are unique across African American and European American couples that are independent of other socio-demographic factors to further clarify how interparental relationships may be related to parenting in a rural, low-income sample. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), a statistical analysis technique that accounts for the interdependence of relationship data, was used with a sample of married and non-married cohabiting African American and European American couples (n = 82 dyads) to evaluate whether mothers' and fathers' observed parenting behaviours are related to their behaviours and their partner's behaviours observed in a couple problem-solving interaction. Findings revealed that interparental withdrawal behaviour, but not conflict behaviour, was associated with less optimal parenting for fathers but not mothers, and specifically so for African American fathers. Our findings support the notion of interdependence across subsystems within the family and suggest that African American fathers may be specifically responsive to variations in interparental relationship quality.

Becoming (More-than-) Human: Ecofeminism, Dualisms and the Erosion of the Colonial Human Subject & (untitled illustrations)

Becoming (More-than-) Human: Ecofeminism, Dualisms and the Erosion of the Colonial Human Subject & (untitled illustrations)

Ex-couples' unwanted pursuit behavior: An actor−partner interdependence model approach.

Unwanted pursuit behavior (UPB) refers to a wide range of repeated, unwanted, and privacy-violating intrusions that are inflicted to pursue an intimate or romantic relationship. These behaviors most often occur when partners end their romantic entanglements. Despite the fact that UPB is grounded in relationships, psychological explanations for post-breakup UPB perpetration have been restricted to actor effects assessed in samples of separated individuals. For that reason, the present study aimed to identify feasible partner effects that additionally explain UPB perpetration using a Flemish sample of 46 heterosexual divorced couples, beginning with the notion of interdependence. Using actor-partner interdependence models, we explored actor, partner, and gender main and interaction effects of anxious attachment, satisfaction, alternatives, investments, and conflict in the previous marriage on the perpetration of post-divorce UPBs. The significant Partner × Gender interactions of anxious attachment and satisfaction, Actor × Partner interactions of anxious attachment and quality of alternatives, and the marginally significant partner effect of relational conflict underline the important role of the dyad in studying UPB perpetration. These findings shed new light on the nature of UPB perpetration that go beyond the individual and support the use of a systemic approach in clinical practices.

Jotï ecogony, Venezuelan Amazon

The current environmental crisis permeates the discourse and concerns of people all over the world. Consideration of diverse environmental ethics showing the alternative ways in which people conceptualize and relate to nature and natural resources are critical for bringing about more sustainable human behaviors. After a brief review of Western historical notions of nature, this work explores the ecogony, or causal reasons, that trigger the behavior of the Jotï, an Amerindian people of the Venezuelan Amazon, with other entities and the forest that they inhabit. The analysis presented synthesizes 15 years of transdisciplinary ethno-ecological research comprising quantitative and qualitative methods (collection of herbarium voucher specimens, floristic inventories in forest plots, structured interviews focused on plot vegetation, semi-structured interviews of life-histories, participant observation, time allocation studies, food resource accounting, focal person following observations, garden crop inventories and censuses, mapping of wild resource harvest locations, among others). Jotï pragmatic and ideological tenets generate a distinctive environmental ethics based on ecogonic nodes. Notions of interdependence, humanity and person are articulated on a daily basis through several dynamics: (1) hyper-awareness of all living things’ dependence on each other and other elements of the biophysical environment at macroscales and microscales, (2) the construction of human spiritual, conscious, physical and agentive constituents from a variety of diverse botanical and zoological species and mineral components of their homeland, and (3) an understanding of the aggregate surroundings, including a significant portion of the biotic and abiotic components, as potential subjects with awareness, creativity and moral stances. This condition of interdependence confers rights and duties on all the parts. Jotï horizontal communications with and among life-forms sustain their condition as committed actors in the configuration of the forests that they inhabit.

Commentary on Manne et al.: Using the Interdependence Model to Understand Spousal Influence on Colorectal Cancer Screening Intentions: a Structural Equation Model

Preventive colorectal cancer screening can significantly reduce mortality, but unfortunately, the participation in screening is still relatively low [1]. Although existing individual level models (e.g., health belief model) have increased our understanding of colorectal cancer screening behavior, the empirical evidence for the associations between many individual level factors and screening behavior is still limited [2]. Manne and colleagues [3] argued convincingly that a greater understanding of the role of one's significant other in screening intentions might help improve screening rates. The dyadic approach posits that members of couples are interdependent and influence each other's attitudes, behaviors, and health outcomes [cf. 4]. Put differently, participation in screening is not based only on individual factors but also on the interaction with one's intimate partner. In line with this idea, they found agreement with respect to screening practices in 65% of the couples. The notion of interdependency of couple members in terms of behavior is not new, but to my knowledge, the study of Manne et al. is the first that actually investigated screening intentions at a dyadic level. The findings are promising in that they support the importance of spousal attitudes and communication within couples in the decision to participate in screening. The results showed that participants who felt that screening was important for both their partner and themselves were more likely to discuss the issue with their partner. Furthermore, couples who discussed the issue more often reported stronger screening intentions. The findings suggest that a focus on couples instead of individuals may be an interesting strategy to increase screening rates, but they also raise important questions for further research. Manne et al. asked both members of the couple how often they had discussed screening, but did not look into the communication process. This process may vary depending on whether the partners have similar or different attitudes. Prior research suggests that close partners who confront attitude discrepancies are motivated to correct the imbalance by changing their attitudes, especially if the issue is central to the partner but not to themselves [5]. The more central the issue is to oneself, the greater pressure one exerts on the partner to change. The magnitude of the discrepancy, the centrality of the screening issue, and the tactics used may be key in the communication process, and hence couples' screening intentions. Another issue is the study's focus on intentions. A previous review has shown that almost half of the participants with positive intentions failed to perform the intended behavior [6]. Furthermore, past behavior often is more predictive of future behavior than intentions. There is some evidence though that for infrequent behavior for which habits have not been formed deliberative reasoning may be a relatively strong predictor of actual behavior [7]. Considering that all couples in the analyses had been non-adherent with screening recommendations in the past, and it is unknown whether they had given these recommendations much deliberate thought before the study or whether their intentions had been stable for some time, it remains to be established whether participants' reported positive intentions will translate into actual behavior. In conclusion, this study is an important step in increasing the understanding of dyadic processes in preventive screening and health. The findings provide an excellent basis for further research needed to shed light on communication processes and actual screening behavior.

Rethinking the concept of ‘western’

In this article, I propose that the west/non-west dualism sets limits on our thinking about internationalisation of the curriculum. While this dualism and that of the west/the rest offer some heuristic capacity to surface issues of imperial power and hegemonic grip, I suggest that it has congealed into a grand narrative that inhibits our explorations of global divisions. I discuss the conceptually interdependent notions of orientalism and occidentalism and their view of the incommensurability of western and non-western cultures. I relate this discussion to conceptions of western and non-western pedagogies and associated concepts of knowledge generation. I point to the importance of a concept of the west and of pedagogic cultures that admits a history of complexity and connectivity.

The economic-institutional construction of regions: conceptualisation and operationalisation

AbstractThe international relations literature on regionalism, both in economic and security issues, has grown dramatically over the last 15 years. One of the ongoing issues discussed in most articles and books is the conceptualisation of ‘region’. Instead of thinking about regions using notions of interdependence and interaction we take a social constructivist approach, whereby states themselves define regions via the construction of regional economic institutions (REI). We explore how a conceptualisation of region based on REIs contrasts with various related concepts such as regional system, and regional IGO. Empirically, we show that most all countries belong to at least one important regional economic institution, REI, (for example, EU, Mercosur, ASEAN, etc). In short, the world is dividing itself into regions by the creation of regional economic institutions. We contrast our economic-institutional approach to regions with Buzan and Wæver's ‘regional security complexes’ which is based on security dependence. There are interesting agreements and disagreements between their approach and our economic-institutional approach to defining regions. It is perhaps not surprising that many REIs have taken on security roles, which we briefly show by looking at military alliances embedded in REIs. This suggests that policymakers are creating regions through institutional innovations that link economic and security issues.

‘Coming to a place near you?’ The politics and possibilities of a critical pedagogy of place-based education

It may seem something of a paradox that in a globalised age where notions of interdependence, interconnectedness and common destinies abound, the ‘local’, with its diversity of cultures, languages, histories and geographies, continues to exercise a powerful grip on the human imagination. The ties that bind us have global connections but are anchored in a strong sense of locality. This paper explores the theoretical foundations of place-based education (PBE) and considers the merits and limitations of current approaches with particular reference to Australian studies. The authors argue that there is a place for PBE in schools but contend that it must be informed by a far more critical reading of the notions of ‘place’, ‘identity’ and ‘community’. The implications of pursuing a critical pedagogy of place-based education are discussed with reference to curriculum, pedagogy and teacher education.

White Collar Crime and Informal Social Control: The Case of “Crisis Responders” in the Swedish Banking and Finance Sector

Drawing upon case studies on the type of white-collar offenders frequently called “crisis responders”, this article critically examines Sampson and Laubs general theory on informal social control. In the article, this theory is for the first time confronted with data not used in its development and prior testing. Based on the evidence, the theory retains its validity for the white-collar offenders considered, insofar as their crime was closely connected to a perceived threat of identity loss, distrust in social support obtainable from others, and lack of supervision and monitoring at workplace. At the same time, the argument is made that the notion of interdependence relied upon in this theory needs to be developed more fully if it is to take into account the kind of dependency relations tying these particular offenders to their environment.

New directions for boundaryless careers: Agency and interdependence in a changing world

AbstractThis paper reconnects to the intellectual climate from which the formulation of the boundaryless career perspective emerged in the 1990s. Based on 17 years of cumulative research, we develop the case for extending beyond a primary focus on boundaryless careers as forms (e.g., contractor or global itinerant). We argue that opportunities for further theory development in this field can emerge from addressing some of its fundamental debates, and developing a more systematic understanding of career agency. In this respect, we see promise in research that develops our understanding of interdependent notions of career agency. To guide further research, the paper identifies six features of agency related to individual variation, social referencing, practice, outcomes, contexts, and learning. We propose that each of these illustrates contrasting assumptions about independent and interdependent views of the career. We discuss how the other papers of this special issue inform our understanding of these six features and identify promising directions for further research. We conclude that the future relevance of the boundaryless career perspective will depend on its openness to the challenges of careers within the inherently dynamic, uncertain, and complex arena of an interdependent global society. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

China's Discourse on Regionalism: What it Means for India

China's approach towards regionalism and multilateralism is essentially driven by realpolitik paradigm. More specifically, China's tilt towards regionalism has been propelled by three reasons: one its own rise, two its domestic concerns and three change in the world-order in the aftermath of the collapse of bipolarism and the resultant emergence of new threats and insecurities. Regionalism in Chinese discourse is rooted primarily in the quest for building a China-led regional order, supporting China's peripheral diplomacy and grand strategy, than on mere rationale of economic gains. Therefore, in Chinese conceptualization realpolitik issues hold primacy over normative and liberal notions of interdependence. The web of regional security architecture, thus, evolved serves essentially China's security needs and grand strategy.

Racial Group Identification and Its Relations to Individualism/ Interdependence and Race-Related Stress in African Americans

This study examined individualistic and interdependent notions of self and race-related stress across racial group identification profiles extracted from cluster analyses. African American college students were recruited from an introductory psychology course and were asked to complete several self-report measures. Using k-means cluster analysis, four group identification profiles emerged. The results suggest that cluster profiles marked by an in-group focus on race (Internalization profile) were more likely to endorse individualistic and interdependent values than cluster profiles that emphasize commonality among in-group and out-group members (Universalist profile) or an Undifferentiated profile. The fourth cluster (Multicultural profile), marked by strong endorsement of oppressed ideologies as an essential feature of group identification, endorsed collectivistic values, but no individualistic values. In terms of race-related stress, participants in the Internalization profile were more likely to report cultural race-related stress than participants in the Universalist profile. The results suggest that cultural values related to interdependence and independence differ across African Americans’ racial group identifications. Implications for future research are discussed.

Práticas estratégicas em uma rede de congregações religiosas: valores e instituições, interdependência e reciprocidade

Neste artigo discorremos sobre a relação entre valores dos dirigentes, práticas estratégicas e imersão social de uma rede de congregações de confissão evangélica, estabelecida em Curitiba-PR, Brasil. O quadro teórico de referência no qual se apoia o trabalho articula a teoria institucional com a metodologia de análise de redes sociais e a abordagem da estratégia como prática. Consideramos 60 organizações religiosas na coleta de dados. A análise da rede revelou dois componentes que representam uma configuração do tipo centro-periferia dos padrões de relacionamentos entre os atores sociais. De modo geral, a relação entre contexto institucional, estrutura dos relacionamentos e atividades estratégicas aponta para a noção de interdependência e reciprocidade. Verificamos que valores resultantes de diferentes lógicas de ação são reforçados pela direção da rede, no que concerne ao seu potencial normativo, para influenciar a interpretação dos seus membros e suas atividades estratégicas. No entanto, a configuração centro-periferia da rede de relacionamentos revela a necessidade de se reconhecer tanto a dinâmica quanto o caráter fragmentado do contexto institucional, uma vez que as relações sociais operam de modo recursivo na construção e reconstrução de ações organizacionais que atuam em direção à homogeneização institucional.

Uma investigação sobre o ator consumidor na rede de pirataria e uma proposta de alternativa de estratégia de combate

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as percepções e representações sociais do consumidor na rede de pirataria e propor uma alternativa de princípio estratégico de combate a esse comércio ilegal a partir de um modelo de rede que inclui o ator consumidor. A afirmativa básica é que a pirataria se organiza no formato de rede, onde o consumidor é um ator importante, que mantém a rede em razão de suas específicas percepções e representações sociais sobre o governo, sobre as empresas fabricantes, sobre os camelôs e sobre si próprio, percepções essas que abrangem mais do que o preço, que é o fator mais pesquisado no tema de pirataria. A base teórica de apoio é o conceito de rede social que existe como pano de fundo nas redes de negócios, com seus fatores de interdependência, comprometimento, expectativas e representações sociais, bem como o conceito de nó, que é a unidade de estudo das redes. Realizou-se uma pesquisa com grupos de adolescentes e adultos, e os dados mostraram a presença de representações sociais positivas sobre a ponta da pirataria, que é o camelô, e representações sociais negativas sobre o governo e as empresas que combatem a ilegalidade. Nas conclusões, mostra-se que há um ganho de compreensão quando se inclui o ator consumidor na rede, tanto no que se refere à manutenção do comércio pirata quanto às estratégias de combate. Como conclusão secundária importante, considerando os resultados abaixo do esperado por parte do governo no combate à pirataria, sugere-se um princípio estratégico a partir das redes sociais. A premissa da proposta é que só se combate uma rede a partir de outra rede, conforme atestam alguns exemplos de organizações sociais e comerciais.

College Students' Perspectives on Their Career Decision Making

This mixed methods study examined how college student participants discussed their approach to making career decisions, with a focus on how their perspective may be consistent with various models of career decision making. Brief telephone interviews were conducted with 20 college students, and the narrative data were analyzed using qualitative methods informed by grounded theory and consensual qualitative research (CQR). Based on themes generated by qualitative analysis, a ratings instrument was developed. The instrument was used by two individuals who dually served as auditors of the qualitative findings and as independent raters. Themes, as well as correlations and frequency data derived from the ratings, are discussed. It was found that the views of the participants, in terms of how they thought decisions should be made and how they were approaching their own decisions, were consistent with models of career decision making that include notions of interdependence, experience, intuition, and emotion.

Ziran and Wuwei in the Daodejing: An Ethical Assessment

In Daoist philosophy, the self is understood as an individual interdependent with others, and situated within a broader environment. Within this framework, the concept ziran is frequently understood in terms of naturalness or nature while wuwei is explained in terms of non-oppressive government. In many existing accounts, little is done to connect these two key Daoist concepts. Here, I suggest that wuwei and ziran are correlated, ethical, concepts. Together, they provide a unifying ethical framework for understanding the philosophy of the Daodejing. I explore the meaning of ziran as self-so-ness or, in human terms, as pertaining to an individual’s spontaneity. The appropriate response to the spontaneity of individuals is to avoid, insofar as possible, imposing or using restrictive norms and methods, that is, wuwei. According to this view, ziran and wuwei offer an account of ethics that attends to core notions of interdependent selfhood, including mutuality, relationality, interdependence, symbiosis, and responsiveness.

Negotiating cultures: Disclosure of HIV‐positive status among people from minority ethnic communities in Sydney

Because of the multiple stigma attached to HIV/AIDS, disclosure of HIV‐positive serostatus is a considerable social risk for those who disclose. While HIV/AIDS‐related stigma affects all HIV‐positive people, for people from minority cultures additional cultural factors may play a significant role in self‐disclosure. This paper draws on data from semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with HIV‐positive people from minority cultures in Sydney. Disclosure decisions were influenced by gender, sexual orientation, as well as cultural background. Gay men drew on both collectivist and individualist notions of interdependence and self‐reliance in different socio‐cultural contexts. This enabled them to accommodate the imperative to maintain harmony with the family and meet their individual needs for support. Heterosexual men who had disclosed voluntarily or involuntarily experienced discrimination and avoidance, and interdependence with family and ethnic community was disrupted. Heterosexual women disclosed to no one outside the health care system and were anxious to avoid any disclosure in the future. For all participants, voluntary and involuntary disclosure caused potential and actual disruption of relationships with their families and ethnic communities. The paper concludes by arguing for an ecological perspective of health in which decisions are not located in rational decision making alone but in the broader context of family and community.

The Notion of Interdependence and Its Implications for Child and Family Policy

SUMMARY The authors claim that the recognition of interdependence as a guiding principle of child and family policy has the potential to transform legal systems to make them less punitive and more constructive, less judgmental towards individuals and more empathie to the protection of relationships and self-constructed identities. By embracing the notion of interdependence, our societies can be moved toward greater recognition of our common humanity to the great benefit of children and their families, particularly those who are most vulnerable. Four lenses are articulated in this paper: Therapeutic jurisprudence, preventive law, family systems theory, and culture. The paper shows how these lenses point toward more supportive rather than punitive types of interventions in the lives of children and their families. The paper demonstrates that, despite the fact that questionable parental behavior may initially engender feelings of anger and aversion, an empathie public responseone that recognizes the reality of the interdependence between parents and childrennot only comports with current enlightened interdisciplinary approaches, but also promotes child and family well-being. The authors suggest that such a response not only be contemplated and understood, but that it should also reframe child and family policies and practices. The family group conference model represents a tool for such refraining.

MEASURING AND PREDICTING ADAPTATION BEHAVIOR IN MULTIDIMENSIONAL ACTIVITY-TRAVEL PATTERNS

This article reports the results of research on modeling activity pattern measurement and prediction. The theoretical background of the proposed model is the time-geographic notion of interdependency and sequential connectivity that reflects the choreography of everyday life. The model employs and extends biological sequential alignment methods to address the multidimensional nature of activity patterns. The model predicts activity patterns as a result of a set of decision heuristics and activity utility functions. The measurement and prediction models are complementary: the measurement model can be used to identify segments of homogeneous activity patterns so that the prediction model can be estimated for each segment separately. The measurement model could possibly also be used to measure the goodness-of-fit between predicted and observed activity patterns in a parameter estimation process. The face validity of the proposed models was assessed using activity diary data, the results of which support the suggested approach.

Topological aspects of numberings

AbstractWe investigate connections between the syntactic and semantic distance of programs on an abstract, recursion theoretic level. For a certain rather restrictive notion of interdependency of the two kinds of distances, there remain only few and “unnatural” numberings allowing such close relationship. Weakening the requirements leads to the discovery of universal metrics such that for an arbitrary recursively enumerable family of functions a numbering compatible with such a metric can uniformly be constructed. We conclude our considerations with some implications on learning theory.