Notion Of Analyticity Research Articles

Functional Versions ofLp-Affine Surface Area and Entropy Inequalities

In contemporary convex geometry, the rapidly developing Lp-Brunn-Minkowski theory is a modern analogue of the classical Brunn-Minkowski theory. A central notion of this theory is the Lp-affine surface area of convex bodies. Here, we introduce a functional analogue of this concept, for log-concave and s-concave functions. We show that the new analytic notion is a generalization of the original Lp-affine surface area. We prove duality relations and affine isoperimetric inequalities for log-concave and s-concave functions. This leads to a new inverse log-Sobolev inequality for s-concave densities.

A Church That Can and Cannot Change: The Dynamics of Tradition

After reviewing some previous contributions to the discussion of continuity and change in the Christian tradition, the article suggests another way of thinking about the problem by using Pierre Bourdieu’s analytic notion of habitus.

Responsive turns in Indonesian informal conversation

People have all sorts of expectations about how interlocutors will and should behave linguistically when engaged in a conversation. These conversational norms are usually implicit and are sometimes difficult to master in a language that is new to you. This paper presents a model of different types of responses in informal conversation, illustrated with Indonesian examples. It builds upon the conversation analytic notion of preference; distinguishing preferred – or constructive – responses and dispreferred – or competitive – responses. The model is meant as a tool to cross-linguistically compare response behaviour to gain insight in language specific expectations about interaction in informal conversation.

Local Governments Supporting Local Energy Initiatives: Lessons from the Best Practices of Saerbeck (Germany) and Lochem (The Netherlands)

The social dimension of the transition to a low carbon economy is a key challenge to cities. The establishment of local energy initiatives (LEIs) has recently been attracting attention. It is of great importance to draw lessons from best practices when LEIs have been facilitated by local governments and made a substantial contribution to greening local energy systems. The main research questions in this paper are: What lessons can be drawn from successful local low carbon energy transition cases, and which strategies proved successful to support LEIs? We have used analytical notions from the Strategic Niche Management (SNM) and grassroots innovation literature to analyze two best-practice cases: Saerbeck (Germany) and Lochem (The Netherlands). Data collection involved a set of fourteen in-depth interviews and secondary data. The results show that three key factors from SNM (building networks, managing expectations, and facilitation of learning) are of great importance. However, to a great degree it is also strategic, community serving, responsive, reflexive leadership and proper process management by public officials that spurred success, which would not have been possible without close interaction and mutual trust between local government and representatives of the local communities.

MONETARY NEUTRALITY UNDER EVOLUTIONARY DOMINANCE OF BOUNDED RATIONALITY

We provide evolutionary game‐theoretic microfoundations to a dynamic complete nominal adjustment in response to a monetary shock by introducing a novel analytical notion that we call boundedly rational inattentiveness. We investigate the behavior of the general price level in a context where a firm can either pay a cost (featuring a random component) to update its information set and establish the optimal price (Nash strategy) or freely use non‐updated information and establish a lagged optimal price (bounded rationality strategy). We devise evolutionary microdynamics (with and without mutation) that, by interacting with the dynamics of the aggregate variables, determines the coevolution of the frequency distribution of information‐updating strategies in the population of firms and the extent of the nominal adjustment of the general price level to a monetary shock. As it turns out, evolutionary learning dynamics take the information‐updating process to a long‐run equilibrium configuration in which, albeit either most or even all firms play the bounded rationality strategy, the general price level is the symmetric Nash equilibrium price and the monetary shocks have persistent, although not permanent, impacts on real output. (JEL E31, C73, D83)

Ferenczi's ethics for our time: the possibility of being alongside.

Ferenczi's practice and therapeutic ethics as exemplified in the Clinical Diary reveal a profound sensitivity to the questions of authority and freedom. This paper will engage with the ways in which these questions have been taken up elsewhere and have become central to post-war extensions of the psychoanalytic field, such as group analysis. A particular comparison will be made with group analytic notions of leadership and horizontal ways of relating, that is, how to be alongside one another. It will be suggested that the translatability of Ferenczi for our time reveals the adaptability of psychoanalysis to different and changing socio-political contexts.

Semantic and Metasemantic Notions of Analyticity

In this article the evolution of main conceptions of analyticity is analyzed. Kant’s criteria for analytic/synthetic distinction are discussed. Frege and Carnap notions of analyticity are set out. It is shown that Frege and Carnap shifted the criteria of analyticity to the justificatory status of judgments. The notion of truth in virtue of meaning and its criticism is exposed. Critical arguments against analyticity by W. V. O. Quine are discussed. Williamson’s arguments against traditional notions of analyticity are formulated. Williamson maintains that analytic truths are reduced to truths of other base classes-necessary, semantic or logical. It is shown that the stipulative definition of analyticity is vulnerable to Williamson’s argument. Russell’s conception of truth in virtue of reference determiner is exposed and evaluated. It is defended that the notion of truth in virtue of reference determiner is immune to many standard objections against analyticity.

Hotels׳ responses to online reviews: Managing consumer dissatisfaction

In this study we investigate the generic structure of hotel responses to customer complaints posted on popular travel website, TripAdvisor. Extending the genre analytic notion of rhetorical moves (Swales, 1981, 2004) to this computer-mediated text type, we analyzed 80 hotel replies that were posted in response to online consumer complaints. Our analysis of the responses of 4- and 5-star hotels located in 4 popular urban tourist destinations in China indicates that ten move types are commonly found in this genre, with eight of these appearing in the majority of reviews. These results suggest that online responses from businesses replying to user-generated reviews tend to be highly formulaic and conventionalized, with thanking and apologizing among the most common moves identified. However, we also found considerable variation with respect to how specific hotels were about addressing the problem(s) discussed in the original customer complaint, as well as the extent to which hotel management indicated having taken actions to correct those problems. Finally, our study found that in this set of responses, hotel personnel tended to emphasize a corporate (rather than personal) identity when constructing responses to complaints. The study׳s findings provide insights into some of the ways in which businesses are managing consumer dissatisfaction online.

Symptomization and triggering processes: Ovarian cancer patients' narratives on pre-diagnostic sensation experiences and the initiation of healthcare seeking

Ovarian cancer is a malignant entity typically diagnosed in advanced stages, with concomitant poor prognosis. Delayed healthcare seeking is commonly explained by the ‘vague’ character of the disease's symptoms combined with a lack of awareness among patients. However, research on the social contexts of ovarian cancer patients' pre-diagnostic illness experiences and healthcare seeking is scarce. To explore these topics, we initiated a qualitative interview study guided by the principles of grounded theory and based on interviews with 42 ovarian cancer patients. The study was conducted in Germany from September 2011 to February 2013. Our analysis illustrates how, in the narratives, the interviewees struggled to balance specific bodily sensations with aspects of their life-worlds prior to consulting a biomedical professional. We propose a three-phase model to capture these experiences and demonstrate how the developments of pre-diagnostic sensations were catalysed by the dynamic and complex interplay of the sensations with a variety of individual and socio-cultural factors. To conceptualize these interplays, we introduce the analytical notion of a triggering process, and we elaborate on the different ways in which such a process conditioned the transformation of a sensation into a symptom and decisions to seek healthcare. We finally discuss our findings both in relation to current research on sensations, symptoms and healthcare seeking and in their relevance for understanding diagnostic delays in ovarian cancer.

Russell’s Logicism Through Kantian Spectacles

russell: the Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies n.s. 34 (summer 2014): 79–94 The Bertrand Russell Research Centre, McMaster U. issn 0036–01631; online 1913–8032 c:\users\kenneth\documents\type3401\rj 3401 193 red.docx 2014-05-14 8:54 PM oeviews RUSSELL’S LOGICISM THROUGH KANTIAN SPECTACLES Kevin C. Klement Philosophy / U. Massachusetts–Amherst Amherst, ma 01003, usa klement@philos.umass.edu Anssi Korhonen. Logic as Universal Science: Russell’s Early Logicism and Its Philosophical Context. (History of Analytic Philosophy series) Basingstoke, uk, and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. Pp. x + 277. isbn: 978-0-23057700 -8. £55; us$85. his new contribution to Palgrave Macmillan’s popular History of Analytical Philosophy series (edited by Michael Beaney) aims to outline the distinguishing philosophical outlook of Bertrand Russell’s early logicist period, exemplified most notably by Russell’s classic The Principles of Mathematics of 1903. The key themes of the book are Russell’s views in mathematical methodology and mathematical ontology, the universal applicability and nature of logic, and the relationship of logical and mathematical knowledge to the distinction between form and content in ontology and semantics. Throughout, Russell’s views are contrasted with the views of Kant and like-minded philosophers , who in many ways dominated the philosophical landscape prior to the emergence of analytic philosophy. The first chapter, “Russell’s Early Logicism: What Was It About?”, aims to differentiate how Russell understood his logicist project from the rather different aims of other philosophers with whom Russell is often lumped: Frege and logical empiricists such as A. J. Ayer and the members of the Vienna Circle . Korhonen notes aptly that while these thinkers were all in some sense logicists, their logicist aims were quite different: “there were in fact as many logicisms as there were logicists” (p. 21). In contrast to others, it was not principally important for Russell that mathematics be shown to be analytic. Russell gave different accounts of analyticity in different places. When employing a purely Kantian notion of analyticity on which analytic truths must be non-informative, Russell concluded that mathematics and logic were both synthetic à priori. When operating instead with a more Fregean notion of q= 80 Reviews c:\users\kenneth\documents\type3401\rj 3401 193 red.docx 2014-05-14 8:54 PM analyticity, on which all of modern logic counts as analytic, Russell claimed instead that mathematics is analytic. It was important for Russell that the “logic” to which mathematics could be shown to be reduced was the sophisticated and rich symbolic logic developed only at the end of the nineteenth century, not the more sterile syllogistic logics that had come before. Korhonen sees Russell’s project as a natural outgrowth in the increase in rigour brought about in nineteenth-century mathematics by its expansion into such areas as non-Euclidean geometry, and the increased interest in foundational aspects of other areas, such as real analysis. According to Korhonen, the importance of this increase in rigour in mathematics was not exclusively epistemological, but semantic, in that it made it easier to see how best to define certain mathematical concepts, allowing for the first time the definitions in terms of logical constants given by Russell. The relationship between Russell’s philosophy of mathematics and Kant’s looms large in the next two chapters. Chapter 2 delves into the Kantian and Russellian notions of mathematical methodology. Korhonen stresses an often overlooked similarity between Russell and Kant: both believed that the forms of judgment and reasoning used in traditional logic were inadequate to capture the semantic content and distinctive reasoning patterns necessary for mathematics. Citing, for example, the need for “construction postulates” in Euclidean geometry, Kant came to adopt what Korhonen dubs a “construction semantics”: the distinctive meaning or semantic content of mathematical concepts derives from the constructibility of instances of such concepts in pure intuition. Russell’s criticism of Kant’s philosophy of mathematics is often portrayed merely as the observation that more recent researches have shown that spatial diagrams are not necessary in mathematical proof. As Korhonen interprets Kant, however, mathematics requires an appeal to intuition not just in reasoning but for the very meaningfulness of its...

Three Kantian Strands in Frege’s View of Arithmetic

On the background of explaining their different notions of analyticity, their different views on definitions, and some aspects of Frege’s notion of sense, three important Kantian strands that interweave into Frege’s view are exposed. First, Frege’s remarkable view that arithmetic, though analytic, contains truths that “extend our knowledge”, and by Kant’s use of the term, should be regarded synthetic. Secondly, that our arithmetical (and logical) knowledge depends on a sort of a capacity to recognize and identify objects, which are given us in particular ways, constituting their senses (Sinne). Third, that there is a sense in which Frege’s view of definitions and explications gives new substance to Kant’s leading idea of analyticity, namely, the containment of a truth or a concept in another. In all these, Frege’s view does not endorse the Kantian strands as they are, but gives them special and sometimes quite sophisticated twists.

To Know One's Place: Belonging and Differentiation in Alice Springs Town

Based on research in the town of Alice Springs in Central Australia the article explores how social and material aspects of the town generate meaningful understandings of oneself and differentiated others. Drawing on anthropology of place and space and analytical notions of belonging, I explore shared and divergent ways in which a range of people in town come to ‘know their place’ both in a socio-cultural sense and in the sense of relating to the built environment. Paying just as detailed attention to non-indigenous experience as scholars have long paid to indigenous lives, the article suggests that a focus on how people form material and social attachments to place can facilitate more open-ended understandings of changing forms of indigenous-settler relations than the more common focus on difference and division between categories of indigenous and non-indigenous people and domains of life.

Making design researchers' information sharing visible through material objects

This article seeks to make visible information‐sharing activities that take place within a geographically dispersed network of design researchers. For this purpose, a theoretical approach is applied that comprises the analytical notion of material objects and a document theory. Empirical material was primarily ethnographically produced over a period of 6 months, including 2 seminars within the network. Trajectories of sharing that reach across time and space have been identified by studying how people interact with multidimensional objects, such as documents. These were found to coordinate and shape the social practice under study. The theoretical framework has made it possible to highlight aspects of information sharing that have tended to be blackboxed in previous research. It has been suggested in previous research that the concept of information sharing can be reduced to that of mere sharing. Such a stance potentially entails reduction of conceptual ambiguity but may also decrease analytical sharpness. Based on the present study, it appears beneficial to adopt the concept of document into the discourse of information‐sharing research. By adding the concept of document to our analytical toolbox, which hitherto has been dominated by the slightly diffuse concept of information, material features can be emphasized without reducing the social and cognitive dimensions of information sharing. The article offers insight into the information‐sharing activities of design researchers. Through its focus on materiality, it presents a novel theoretical approach and methodological strategy for studying information practices.

New structures in scattering amplitudes: A review

We review some recent developments in the understanding of field theories in the perturbative regime. In particular, we discuss the notions of analyticity, unitarity and locality, and therefore the singularity structure of scattering amplitudes in general interacting theories. We describe their tree-level structure and their on-shell representations, as well as the links between the tree-level structure itself and the structure of the loop amplitudes. Finally, we describe the on-shell diagrammatics recently proposed both on general grounds and in the remarkable example of planar supersymmetric theories.

Geist und Erkenntnis – Anmerkungen zu Hayeks Erkenntnistheorie / Mind and Cognition – Notes on Hayek´s Theory of Cognition

Summary The presentation will be made in four analytical steps: First (part I), the preliminaries contain a clarification of the relevant analytical notions. Thereafter (part II), the process of cognition as seen by Kant will be taken up and following Hayek, the two possibilities to process sensory impressions or impulses by the cerebral cortex, are presented. Finally, in part IV, the use of knowledge of place and time which is dispersed over many individuals, will be presented, referring to the topic of a seminal essay by Hayek.

Disempowerment and marginalisation of peace NGOs: exposing peace gaps in Israel and Palestine

This article analyses the enabling and restraining conditions of local peace organisations in Israel and Palestine. It utilises the analytical notion of peace gaps to accentuate the interplay between local and elite levels. It also highlights the discrepancies when it comes to expectations of peace, the ability to communicate peace discourses and the power to influence and build wider domestic peace constituencies. The empirical findings reveal how current vertical and horizontal peace gaps result in the disempowerment and marginalisation of local peace NGOs on both sides. Such a precarious situation hinders broader peace mobilisation and is further exacerbated by widespread political apathy and peace fatigue among Israeli and Palestinian publics. By way of conclusion, the article argues for the need to re-politicise and re-negotiate space for a more agonistic peacebuilding, which allows for differences to co-exist.

Peirce Sobre Analiticidade

In this article, I examine the reconstruction that Peirce does on analytic/synthetic Kantian division, supported by his phenomenology, semiotic and pragmatism. The analysis of Peirce’s writings on mathematic suggests a notion of a posteriori and necessary analytical truths, that is, propositions that express one belief justified in experience, but whose generalization is valid for all the possible worlds. This was a new idea the time that Peirce formulated it, in 19th Century, and it contrasts with semantic-analytical tradition from Frege and was contested by Quine in 1950’s. Peirce’s notion of analyticity is a result of his discovery of the logic of relatives, which led the philosopher to revise the deductive reasoning, dividing it into corollarial and theorematic, which in turn allow us to understand why mathematics is, simultaneously, deductive and non-trivial.

Positioning the Expert: Word Searches, Expertise, and Learning Opportunities in Peer Interaction

AbstractThe goal of this article is to further our understanding of how learning opportunities are created in interactions. Based on a conversation analysis of peer interactions of foreign language learners, we investigate how the negotiation of expert positions among these learners affects this process. The focus of the analysis is on the relationship between the conversation analytic notion of “doing‐being‐an‐expert” and learning in the context of word searches. We challenge the fixed notions of expert and novice and highlight the roles of interpersonal context, tools, and positioning in the negotiation of expertise. Drawing on the socio‐interactionist notion of situating learning in interaction, we argue that there is a link between the negotiation of expert positions and opportunities for learning.

The Phonetics of Talk in Interaction – Introduction to the Special Issue

This overview paper provides an introduction to work on naturally-occurring speech data, combining techniques of conversation analysis with techniques and methods from phonetics. The paper describes the development of the field, highlighting current challenges and progress in interdisciplinary work. It considers the role of quantification and its relationship to a qualitative methodology. It presents the conversation analytic notion of sequence as a version of context, and argues that sequences of talk constrain relevant phonetic design, and so provide one account for variability in naturally occurring speech. The paper also describes the manipulation of speech and language on many levels simultaneously. All of these themes occur and are explored in more detail in the papers contained in this special issue.

Beyond dichotomies : on the nature and classification of compound verbs in English

The study of compound verbs in English poses numerous problems, among which even their recognition as compounds on grounds of their derivation. Resulting from at least three different word-formation patterns, compound verbs constitute a heterogeneous class of complex lexemes. Their status as actual compound lexemes invites the differentiation between compounding as a word-formation process and compounds as a special class of lexemes. Even within the latter, compound verbs display marked properties at least in relation to the inability of standard classifications of compounds to capture and compromise their lexical uniformity and their heterogeneous origin. The adoption of a position in which it is argued that compound verbs in English constitute a constructional idiom and the application of scalar analytical notions which combine word-formationist and lexical-semantic accounts cast in the general framework of the cognitive linguistic enterprise yield informative generalizations concerning the linguistic and conceptual properties of compound verbs in English. In view of Radden and Dirven's (2007: 41-46) claim that we do not need "more than two basic types of conceptual units things and relations" in order to establish linguistically relevant conceptual distinctions, compound verbs pose a problem for neat dichotomous treatment as they very often both conceptually and in terms of form include a "thing" (e.g. to flat-hunt, to house-sit, to fellow-feel, to case-harden, etc.) and thus come closer to a "situation" than to a "relation". Exactly because of the fact that compound verbs profile/perspectivize "situations" as "relations", they function as special construal mechanisms and as such do not fit the subordinate/coordinate distinction, because they name situations. In view of the above the paper treats compound verbs as a constructional idiom whose analysis necessitates the recognition of the role of conceptual conversion mechanisms, scalar classificatory and interpretative criteria and uniform lexico-semantic treatment.