Notion Of Transitivity Research Articles

Causative constructions in Bezhta

The causative constructions of Bezhta, a Nakh-Daghestanian language, display a range of crosslinguistically unusual non-causative effects. Standard causativization in Bezhta is compatible with intransitive, transitive, and affective verbs. However, the addition of causative morphology does not always form a construction with a new argument. When the resulting valency does not reflect the productive pattern of causative derivation, the verb is lexicalized. Lexicalization of this kind is not only common in affective verbs, but also in transitive verbs. Along with the non-causative use of causative suffixes, Bezhta presents the use of a more complex doubled causative suffix in the sense of a simple causative suffix: although this is common in typological terms, it is rare in the area under discussion. The present paper takes the notion of transitivity as central for explaining the formation of causative constructions in the language.

Accounting for the Semantics of the NP V NP Construction in English

In English the NP1 V NP2 construction typically involves arguments that are construed as Agent and Patient, or Subject and Object. It is associated with the notion of transitivity and analyzed accordingly, even when it exhibits only the syntactic properties of transitivity but not its semantic characteristics. This phenomenon is well-known and has been accounted for by linguists (Lakoff 1977; Hopper and Thompson 1980, among others) as a result of the absence of some prototypical transitive features in the utterance. This paper aims at demonstrating that the NP1 V NP2 structure has a semantic value and conveys a general abstract sense, of which prototypical transitivity represents only one particular realization whose occurrence is determined by the semantic and aspectual properties of the context. It will be argued that the sense of this construction can be explained through concepts that are not usually used in the description of transitive utterances, namely conjunction and disjunction. In some examples, the subject enters a relation of conjunction or disjunction with the object. In others, it is the other way round.

A Statistical Evaluation and Modeling on the Social Transitivity Behavior

Transitivity is one of the most important mechanisms to form a social network in a human society, but it remains unclear how such behavior is quantified and affected by some key factors, including the social environment and the participants' characters. This study investigates the sharing behavior based on the notion of transitivity and an experiment is conducted on a variety of populations from kindergarteners to teenagers. The key effects that have high impacts to the sharing behavior are identified from the statistical analysis of the experimental results. A mathematical model is built for the experimental results and its performance compared with other models is also illustrated.

TISoN

Trust systems represent a significant trend in decision support for social networks’ service provision. The basic idea is to allow users to rate each other even without being direct neighbours. In this case, the purpose is to derive a trust score for a given user, which could be of help to decide whether to trust other users or not. In this article, we investigate the properties of trust propagation within social networks, based on the notion of transitivity , and we introduce the TISoN model to generate and evaluate T rust I nference within online So cial N etworks. To do so, ( i ) we develop a novel TPS algorithm for T rust P ath S earching where we define neighbours’ priority based on their direct trust degrees, and then select trusted paths while controlling the path length; and, ( ii ) we develop different TIM algorithms for T rust I nference M easuring and build a trust network. In addition, we analyse existing algorithms and we demonstrate that our proposed model better computes transitive trust values than do the existing models. We conduct extensive experiments on a real online social network dataset, Advogato. Experimental results show that our work is scalable and generates better results than do the pioneering approaches of the literature.

Auxiliary selection and the role of transitivity in grammaticalisation

This paper provides an examination and analysis of two roughly synonymous aspectual markers in Korean, pelita and malta, that developed from the transitive verbs ‘throw away’ and ‘stop’, respectively. Based on electronic corpora, it is shown that these markers are distributed divergently: malta is strongly preferred to pelita in passive, non-volitional and resistant contexts. The divergent distributions of pelita and malta can be more clearly understood in terms of transitivity. I propose that the transitivity difference of their lexical sources is reflected in constraints on their grammaticalisation and contemporary uses. The low vs. high transitivity of the lexical verbs malta and pelita has persisted in grammaticalisation and brought about differences between their grammaticalised forms. This paper suggests that the gradient notion of transitivity can be used as an explanatory principle that generalises differences between synonymous grammatical words that developed from different lexical verbs.

The Passive and the Notion of Transitivity

The purpose of this article is to show that passivization can be better accounted for when the phenomenon of transitivity, on which it is based, is defined on semantic grounds. The notion of transfer from the subject to the object through the verb, which corresponds to the main semantic component of transitivity, is what makes passivization possible, not necessarily the presence of an object complement of the verb in the active. It appears that the notion of object, which is the main syntactic parameter on which the notion of transitivity is founded, covers very different situations and cannot serve as a reliable tool to describe the phenomenon of passivization. It is only when the transitivity notion is envisaged through a semantic angle that passivization can be accounted for in more homogeneous terms.

On the conceptual framework for voice phenomena

This article attempts to lay the conceptual foundations of voice phenomena, ranging from the familiar active/passive contrast to the ergative/antipassive opposition, as well as voice functions of split case-marking in both transitive and intransitive constructions. We advance the claim that major voice phenomena have conceptual bases rooted in the human cognition of actions, which have evolutionary properties pertaining to their origin, development, and termination. The notion of transitivity is integral to the study of voice as evident from the fact that the so-called transitivity parameters identified by Hopper and Thompson (1980) and others are in the main concerned with these evolutionary properties of an action, and also from the fact that the phenomena dealt with in these studies are mostly voice phenomena. A number of claims made in past studies of voice and in some widely-received definitions of voice are shown to be false. In particular, voice oppositions are typically based on conceptual — as opposed to pragmatic — meanings, may not alter argument alignment patterns, may not change verbal valency, and may not even trigger verbal marking. There are also voice oppositions more basic and wide-spread than the active/passive system, upon which popular definitions of voice are typically based.

On (un)suitable fuzzy relations to model approximate equality

In this paper we state that fuzzy equivalence relations in general are not suitable to model approximate equality, since then the notion of transitivity is counter-intuitive. To substantiate this we investigate some of the undesirable results caused by transitivity, among other things in the case of approximate reasoning. We then introduce a new framework to model approximate equality, i.e. the concept of a pseudometric based resemblance relation. We go into the properties of this new kind of fuzzy relation and illustrate it by means of some examples.

Transitivity in uniform approach theory

We introduce a notion of transitivity for approach uniformities and approach uniform convergence spaces, yielding reflective subconstructs of AUnif and AUCS. Further, we investigate how these new categories are related to uACHY, uACHY U , and uMET, and we show that these relationships are similar to those in the classical case.

AGENTS IN LATIN IMPERSONAL PASSIVES

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the properties of the agents in Latin impersonal constructions. First of all, explicit agents do occur with impersonal passives. Furthermore, when agents are not explicitly expressed, they are predictable from the context in a number of cases. The occurrence of explicit agents as well as their predictability seems crucially dependent upon the degree of Transitivity of the clause. The verbs that occur in impersonal constructions can be graded according to a scalar notion of Transitivity along a continuum from low-intransitives to high-intransitives. My hypothesis is that the lower the degree of Transitivity of the verbs the lower the referential properties shown by the agent. Moreover, according to my analysis, the category of non-referential agents should be split into two: generic (or universal) agents should be distinguished from non-referential indefinite ones on the basis of the inclusion or non-inclusion of all the participants in the event.

The min-max composition rule and its superiority over the usual max-min composition rule

A close analysis of the Syllogism inference rule shows that if one uses Zadeh's notion of fuzzy if-then, then the proper way of combining the membership values of two fuzzy rules r 1: “if A, then B” and r 2: “if B, then C”is not by the usual max-min composition rule, but by the following min-max rule; τ ij = min {max( μ ik , ν kj ): all j}, where τ ij = m A ( χ i ) → m c ( z j ), μ ik = m A ( χ i ) → m b ( y k ), and v kj = m B ( y k ) → m c ( z j ). The min-max value gives an upper bound on τ ik . The min-max rule results in a new notion of transitivity and a corresponding notion of a fuzzy equivalence relation. We demonstrate the superiority of the min-max rule in terms of the properties of this equivalence relation. In particular, we argue that the new form of transitivity is particularly suitable for studying non-logical ( ≠ “↔”) fuzzy equivalence relationships.

Transitividade e passiva

This paper presents a study of passive sentences of the type SUBJECT - BE - PAST PARTICIPLE - PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE. The data include formal written Portuguese as well as spoken Portuguese elicited in interviews. The pragrnatic function of the passive conceming text organization is discussed. The gradient notion of transitivity is employed as an indicator of the portion of the text (foreground/background) where the passive tends to occur.

Further results on controllability properties of discrete-time nonlinear systems

Controllability questions for discrete-time nonlinear systems are addressed in this paper. In particular, we continue the search for conditions under which the group-like notion of transitivity implies the stronger and semigroup-like property of forward accessibility. We show that this implication holds, pointwise, for states which have a weak Poisson stability property, and globally, if there exists a global “attractor” for the system.

Grammatical Relations: The Evidence against Their Necessity and Universality

This book argues that the assumption that grammatical relations are both necessary and universal is an unwarranted generalization. The grammatical relations of subject and object are required in the case of the Indian language of Kannada. Furthermore, the notion of transitivity or transference which forms the basis for postulating grammatical relations does not play the expected central role in all languages: in the case of another Indian language, Manipuri, it is volitionality and transitivity which plays the central role in clause structure. Dr. Bhat argues against the universality and necessity of grammatical relations; his provocative hypothesis will be a challenge to all those concerned with the nature of language.

Fuzzy partitions and relations; an axiomatic basis for clustering

In this paper some connections between fuzzy partitions and similarity relations are explored. A new definition of transitivity for fuzzy relations yields a relation-theoretic characterization of the class of all psuedo-metrics on a fixed (finite) data set into the closed unit interval. This notion of transitivity also links the triangle inequality to convex decompositions of fuzzy similarity relations in a manner which may generate new techniques for fuzzy clustering. Finally, we show that every fuzzy c-partition of a finite data set induces a psuedo-metric of the type described above on the data.

A distance model for sociometric structure†

The conceptual and mathematical framework of a general model for distance within sociometric structure is described. The model characterizes “balance” in terms of the triangle inequality, in which the distance between two people (A and C) should be less than or equal to the sum of the distances to a third person (B), i.e., d (A,C) ≤ d (A,B) + d (B,C). The notion of addition of distances is developed. Different ways of adding distances result in different models of sociometric structure. Two families of models for symmetric graphs are discussed. The general model is extended to asymmetric graphs by generalizing the notion of transitivity. The model's potential for resolving a problem of the transitivity’ model is then discussed. The general model provides a means of examining the relationship between stratification and clustering in the structure of groups.

Semantics and the notion of transitivity in passive conversion

(1970). Semantics and the notion of transitivity in passive conversion. Studia Neophilologica: Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 60-71.