Notion Of Smart City Research Articles

Harvesting Opportunities: Transforming Indonesia's Agribusiness through Smart City Planning in the Digital Economy Era

The urban expansion in Indonesia, encompassing major cities and industrial centers, presents a multitude of issues. In order to address this difficulty, policymakers have the option to employ the notion of smart cities. The objective of this research is to critically examine a range of papers pertaining to the planning of Agribusiness cities from the perspective of smart city development. This study draws upon a range of scholarly sources, including research articles, theoretical models, conceptual frameworks, and analytical tools, to explore the topics of Internet of Things (IoT), smart cities, and industrial cities. This study offers a contemporary understanding of smart city frameworks in the context of Agribusiness cities. This paper presents an analysis of the architectural composition of smart cities in relation to agricultural practices. The aforementioned framework can also be employed by governmental entities, such as the New Capital City in Indonesia, as part of their efforts to facilitate the transition into a smart agriculture city. The utilization of information technology in this particular concept, along with the suggested prioritization of implementation processes, is the most recent development.

Enhancing the driving experience of smart city users based on content delivery framework for intelligent transportation systems

Integration of several communication technologies that facilitate user access contributes to the rapid development of the smart city notion. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are introduced as part of smart city development to provide drivers with enhanced communication and information-sharing capabilities. The article introduces a novel ITS content delivery framework (CDF) that addresses communication outage issues. CDF-ITS uses End-to-end decision-making system modelling to examine factors such as communication, content distribution, and vehicle features. A suitable communication slot for vehicular users is determined by processing these characteristics based on outage time and variables. By allocating time-aware communication slots according to the classification of the propagation factor, outage problems may be reduced. End-to-end decision-making is used for classification and vehicle attribute balance, allowing immediate responses to user requests. The experimental outcomes show that the latency of 0.297 s, outage time of 0.0837, distributed messages of 276, and computing complexity of 11.87 are used to assess the proposed framework's efficiency across vehicle density and velocities.

AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INDIA'S SMART CITIES INITIATIVE: PROSPECTS AND DIFFICULTIES

The Indian government, along with all state governments, has an ambitious plan called the Smart City Mission (SCM). An urban area that uses many electronic Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to collect data and use it to support services and resources required for effective municipal operations is referred to as a "smart city". The policy might address one issue facing the city, but it might not address all the issues that a city faces. This research will concentrate on the most important and pertinent publications, papers, and articles about the Indian Smart Cities Mission. The theoretical notion of smart cities, the "Indian smart cities mission," and its conceptual framework will also be covered. Ultimately, the research’s conclusions will clarify the goal statement, the stages involved in implementation, and the numerous opportunities and challenges that India's efforts to develop smart cities face. The obstacles and potential in the Indian Smart City Mission will also be highlighted in this paper.

To what extent are Dutch citizens' interests and rights protected by ethical guidelines for smart cities?

Over the past two decades, the notion of smart cities has become increasingly popular to solve the complex problems that cities are facing. To deal with the ethical implications of smart cities, the Netherlands face a proliferation of ethical guidelines, principles, and manifests. However: To what extent are Dutch citizens' interests protected by ethical guidelines? This study answers that question using a critical discourse analysis. This exploratory analysis uncovers unnoticed themes in the ethical discourse on smart cities and offers recommendations to strengthen the protection of citizens. Together, the ethical guidelines that are selected represent at least five major cities in the Netherlands. This study finds that the ethical guidelines support the Smart City discourse in which: data is seen as a promise for the future, citizens' interests are not central and public-private governance is pre-supposed in the digital public space. Indeed, the ethical guidelines overlook how Big Data analytics transforms ways of governing, which is described as ‘algorithmic governmentality’. Therefore, if guidelines want to commit to the protection of citizens' interests, this study encourages them to review their guidelines in a Big Data context. However, as ultimately only laws and regulations can ensure the protection of citizens' interests and rights, future research is encouraged to look into the restructuring of the legal system.

SMART CITIES SUSTAINABILITY ACHIEVEMENTS RANKING: PCA WEIGHTING

Cities all over the world are looking for dependable and sustainable growth solutions as a consequence of expansion of citizen demands, ecological issues, and technology advancements. Comprehending the notion of smart cities requires understanding its fundamental multiple dimensions. Regarding the complexity of smart cities, a multilayered framework incorporating social inclusion, environmental sustainability, and inclusive economic growth is required. Six fundamental aspects of smart cities are identified by researchers: people, transportation, living, government, environment, and economics. Moreover, the main goal of developing smart cities is to use information technology to increase urban sustainability. In order to evaluate how well European cities have the capacity to change according to the requirements of their population, the aim of this study is to ensure an aggregate rating of smart city performance based on citizens’ needs. The research creates an important contribution by offering an extensive framework to measure smart cities’ urban performance using the multi-criteria ARAS (Additive Ratio Assessment) decision-making method. The analysis additionally provides a contribution by identifying the key smart cities’ indicators that have the greatest impact on Aalborg’s optimal urban performance achievement, making it the best-ranked, smart liveable and Danish sustainability „flagship“ city.

Are smart cities more sustainable? An exploratory study of 103 U.S. cities

Cities play a vital role in tackling sustainability challenges. Smart cities have emerged as solutions to urban sustainability. However, whether smart city practices lead to environmental, economic, and social sustainability outcomes is still not clear. This is due to a lack of thorough knowledge of how local governments have deployed the smart city notion, as well as a lack of holistic evaluation of sustainability outcomes achieved by smart cities. To fill in this gap, this research evaluates whether local implementation of smart cities is associated with sustainability outcomes at the city level. We studied 103 US cities by integrating a sustainability assessment conducted by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network and text mining of city official websites. Our analysis shows that more than 80% of the 103 cities have smart city statements on their websites. In addition, smart cities generally score higher on sustainability outcomes than non-smart cities. Furthermore, when controlling for population size and geographic region, smart city mentions are positively associated with economic sustainability outcomes. However, the relationship between smart city mentions and environmental and social sustainability is not statistically significant. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the prevalence of local governments’ deployment of smart cities, which is scarce at present, and gives novel insight into the relationship between the use of technologies and urban sustainability.

BAuth-ZKP-A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Mechanism for Securing Smart Cities.

The overwhelming popularity of technology-based solutions and innovations to address day-to-day processes has significantly contributed to the emergence of smart cities. where millions of interconnected devices and sensors generate and share huge volumes of data. The easy and high availability of rich personal and public data generated in these digitalized and automated ecosystems renders smart cities vulnerable to intrinsic and extrinsic security breaches. Today, with fast-developing technologies, the classical username and password approaches are no longer adequate to secure valuable data and information from cyberattacks. Multi-factor authentication (MFA) can provide an effective solution to minimize the security challenges associated with legacy single-factor authentication systems (both online and offline). This paper identifies and discusses the role and need of MFA for securing the smart city ecosystem. The paper begins by describing the notion of smart cities and the associated security threats and privacy issues. The paper further provides a detailed description of how MFA can be used for securing various smart city entities and services. A new concept of blockchain-based multi-factor authentication named "BAuth-ZKP" for securing smart city transactions is presented in the paper. The concept focuses on developing smart contracts between the participating entities within the smart city and performing the transactions with zero knowledge proof (ZKP)-based authentication in a secure and privacy-preserved manner. Finally, the future prospects, developments, and scope of using MFA in smart city ecosystem are discussed.

A priority-based seven-layer strategy for energy management cooperation in a smart city integrated green technology

The notion of smart city is based on using both bidirectional power and data flows. For that, designing a persuasive control model for power flow becomes a big and crucial part in a smart city to optimize the power balance between production and consumption. So, a seven-layer smart city energy management strategy (SLSCEMS) for multiple home energy cooperation is presented in this paper. The optimised aims of this strategy are smoothing the smart homes power demand profiles, reducing the electricity bills (E.B), and gaining a total free charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs). This approach has been designed as hierarchic local and global layers. The first one is divided into three layers that aim to transfer the energy between each smart home and its own Renewable Energy sources (RES) and PEVs. The second one is split into four layers that aim to transfer the energy between each smart home and its PEVs, the neighboring homes and their RES, and the smart grid. All optimised layers are based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The proposed strategy is evaluated in a city that contains one hundred homes classified into five categories, each category is designated by its power profile and its flexible number of RESs and PEVs. Simulation results show a decrease in the daily E.B of 26.24%, 2.42%, 60.33%, 29.51%, and 2.38% respectively of the five categories. So, these numerical results prove that the proposed SLSCEMS has considerable efficiency.

Future-proofing the city: A human rights-based approach to governing algorithmic, biometric and smart city technologies

While the GDPR and other EU laws seek to mitigate a range of potential harms associated with smart cities, the compliance with and enforceability of these regulations remain an issue. In addition, these proposed regulations do not sufficiently address the collective harms associated with the deployment of biometric technologies and artificial intelligence. Another relevant question is whether the initiatives put forward to secure fundamental human rights in the digital realm account for the issues brought on by the deployment of technologies in city spaces. In this special issue, we employ the smart city notion as a point of connection for interdisciplinary research on the human rights implications of the algorithmic, biometric and smart city technologies and the policy responses to them. The articles included in the special issue analyse the latest European regulations as well as soft law, and the policy frameworks that are currently at work in the regions where the GDPR does not apply.

Applications of ML/DL in the management of smart cities and societies based on new trends in information technologies: A systematic literature review

• Introducing a new taxonomy for the management of smart cities and societies that is based on current trends in information technology. • Presenting an explanation of the critical issues in the ML-based smart cities. • Investigating each subcategory that referred to ML in smart cities and societies with various features. • Proposing innovative ML-DL solutions in the management of smart cities and communities. The goal of managing smart cities and societies is to maximize the efficient use of finite resources while enhancing the quality of life. To establish a sustainable urban existence, smart cities use some new technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Drones (IoD), and Internet of Vehicles (IoV). The created data by these technologies are submitted to analytics to obtain new information for increasing the smart societies and cities' efficiency and effectiveness. Also, smart traffic management, smart power, and energy management, city surveillance, smart buildings, and patient healthcare monitoring are the most common applications in smart cities. However, the Artificial intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) approach all hold a lot of promise for managing automated activities in smart cities. Therefore, we discuss different research issues and possible research paths in which the aforementioned techniques might help materialize the smart city notion. The goal of this research is to offer a better understanding of (1) the fundamentals of smart city and society management, (2) the most recent developments and breakthroughs in this field, (3) the benefits and drawbacks of existing methods, and (4) areas that require further investigation and consideration. IoT, cloud computing, edge computing, fog computing, IoD, IoV, and hybrid models are the seven key emerging developments in information technology that, in this paper, are considered to categorize the state-of-the-art techniques. The results indicate that the Conventional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are the most commonly used ML method in the publications. According to research, the majority of papers are about smart cities' power and energy management. Furthermore, most papers have concentrated on improving only one parameter, where the accuracy parameter obtains the most attention. In addition, Python is the most frequently used language, which was used in 69.8% of the papers.

The Role of Nudges as Behavioral Regulation Tools for Smart Cities: A Comparative Perspective on New York and Sao Paulo

The present paper aims to do a parallel between the city of New York and Sao Paulo, which are cities that, in a comparative model, have many differences when it comes to the application of the concepts of smart cities and the objectives of the 2030 Agenda. Speaking in the smart city refers to the idea of safety, modern means of transport with reduction or neutralization in the emission of greenhouse gases, greater locomotive technology, economy, social cohesion, use of renewable energy methods, and greater contact of human beings with nature, as exposed in the IESE Cities in Motion Index 2020. The article will present the notion of a Smart City and will assess whether the cities of New York and Sao Paulo fulfill the requirements to fit into the notion of smart cities. In the end, the text will demonstrate the importance of behavioral regulation, with an emphasis on nudges, for the implementation of smart cities.

Smart city reporting: A bibliometric and structured literature review analysis to identify technological opportunities and challenges for sustainable development

While policies and academic interest in smart cities gain momentum, there remain significant gaps in practice and academic conceptualisations explaining it as a new source of innovation. Moreover, there is a need to synthesise reporting behaviours and tools thereof, supporting communication and transparency for citizens along with their involvement in innovation processes. An Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country analysis highlights gaps in transparency, reporting and communication of results, and the consequent allocation of resources in smart cities. Thus, this study identifies literature streams embracing the notion of smart cities and reporting. It employs a bibliometric and structured literature review analysis. Accordingly, this study proposes a framework comprising four macro-areas, several micro-elements, and the most appropriate implementation of technologies for sustainability challenges. Notably, it contributes to strengthening the smart city as an unconventional source of innovation, providing policymakers an opportunity to account for the smart city's weaknesses and identify areas for significant improvement efforts to be channelled.

Applying Hybrid Lstm-Gru Model Based on Heterogeneous Data Sources for Traffic Speed Prediction in Urban Areas.

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), it has become possible to have a variety of data sets generated through numerous types of sensors deployed across large urban areas, thus empowering the notion of smart cities. In smart cities, various types of sensors may fall into different administrative domains and may be accessible through exposed Application Program Interfaces (APIs). In such setups, for traffic prediction in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), one of the major prerequisites is the integration of heterogeneous data sources within a preprocessing data pipeline resulting into hybrid feature space. In this paper, we first present a comprehensive algorithm to integrate heterogeneous data obtained from sensors, services, and exogenous data sources into a hybrid spatial–temporal feature space. Following a rigorous exploratory data analysis, we apply a variety of deep learning algorithms specialized for time series geospatial data and perform a comparative analysis of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and their hybrid combinations. The hybrid LSTM–GRU model outperforms the rest with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 4.5 and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 6.67%.

Waste Spillover Monitoring System using Arduino

Abstract: In recent years, urban development plans and the notion of smart cities have grown significantly. While the idea of smart cities is being addressed, there is a need for smart waste management. The waste spillover monitoring system is designed for smart buildings. Colleges, hospitals, and bus stops are just a few examples. The waste spillover monitoring system is developed to prevent waste mismanagement and promote community cleanliness. A waste spillover monitoring system is a novel concept in which an ordinary dustbin is made smart by employing ultrasonic sensors to detect garbage levels, display the information on an LCD, and send a message to the responsible department through a GSM modem, updating the state of the bin. When individuals bring trash to the waste bin while it is full, it prevents them from adding any more garbage to the bin by notifying them with a buzzer alert. The GSM and the peripheral sensors used are interfaced through the Arduino microcontroller. A graphical user interface (GUI) is also being created to track the needed garbage bin information for various locations. At the control room, messages received via GSM are shown on an LCD, and the authorized person informs the drivers to collect the waste on time. This will significantly aid in the monitoring of waste collection in order to maintain a smart, clean, and safe environment. Keywords: HC-SR04; Arduino Board; Graphical User Interface(GUI); Liquid Crystal Display(LCD); Global System for Mobile communication (GSM).

IoT and Big Data Applications in Smart Cities: Recent Advances, Challenges, and Critical Issues

The notion of smart cities has remained under evolution as its global implementations are challenged by numerous technological, economic, and governmental obstacles. Moreover, the synergy of the Internet of Things (IoT) and big data technologies could result in promising horizons in terms of smart city development which has not been explored yet. Thus, the current research aims to address the essence of smart cities. To this end, first, the concept of smart cities is briefly overviewed; then, their properties and specifications as well as generic architecture, compositions, and real-world implementations are addressed. Furthermore, possible challenges and opportunities in the field of smart cities are described. Numerous issues and challenges such as analytics and using big data in smart cities introduced in this study offers an enhancement in developing applications of the above-mentioned technologies. Hence, this study paves the way for future research on the issues and challenges of big data applications in smart cities.

Evolutionary trends in smart city initiatives

Abstract Smart Cities (SC) have claimed to improve the quality of life of citizens, but the notion of SC is variegated and it has been changing its form. As a contribution to understand the evolutionary trends of Smart Cities, this paper analyzes the characteristics of SC programs, and the role of a set of contextual variables of SC projects adoption has been investigated. The results reveal that big innovative cities are less willing to develop SC projects, that in the building domain are driven by innovative trends and projects in the energy sector depend on the level of wealth.

Smart City Beyond Efficiency: Technology–Policy–Community at Play for Sustainable Urban Futures

Smart urbanization has become a popular discourse in urban policy circles across the world. This is due to the rising popularity of the smart city notion, the main premise of which is achieving hei...

Digitally Engaged? Reflections and recommendations for engaging citizens in smart cities

A significant cultural shift occurred over recent decades, with the majority of the world’s population now living in cities and contributing over two thirds of global carbon emissions. If countries around the world are to meet challenging global carbon reduction targets, then how our cities are governed and managed to maximize energy efficiency is of vital importance. Faith is increasingly being placed in what are commonly referred to as ‘smart cities.’ Smart cities seemingly offer a utopian vision of urban integration, efficiency and [subsequent] carbon reductions, yet urbanisation presents real challenges, as noted by Sustainable Development Goal 11: “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”. Cities are made up of people and increasingly both policymakers and practitioners are starting to see citizens as an essential stakeholder, even if there is a blurring over the boundaries between citizens and consumers. It is unclear what these people actually refer to when they talk about citizen engagement. Adopting key theoretical underpinning of ladder of participation (Arnstein), this research will present findings from case studies of novel citizen engagement from around the world, notably Nottingham (UK), Espoo (Finland) and Portland (USA). Utilising semi-structured interview material findings are analysed through critical framework of citizen engagement to see whether they fulfil the notion of smart cities and communities. Specifically, new forms of engagement that do not fit previously held assumptions around participation need to be considered. Recommendations are provided for increasing new forms of citizen engagement in smart city strategies in order to ensure they are fully adopted and embedded.

Development of Intelligent Car-Parking System

In this modern world, the paradigm of smart cities has gathered major popularity. Thanks to the evolution of microcontroller, the notion of smart city seems more convincing. This paper proposes an algorithm that helps users to find a free parking space for cars automatically. Microcontrollers and sensors have already made a huge impact on learning and predictive analysis. The widespread affirmation gave a new life to this open source hardware component which potentially became a big challenge to many industrial products and new interests in electronic system and prototyping.This paper deals with effective parking solution which involves the use of ultrasonic sensor, atmega series, wireless signal module, cloud server and decrease the time spent for searching parking spaces. IoT based new parking platform enable to connect, analyze and automate data gathered from devices and execute smart parking possible. The proposed system not only reduces manpower but also reduces traffic congestion, and facilitating secure parking system within a limited area.

Confirmation and Validation of Smart Tourism Technology Attributes: the case study of City of Tshwane

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has resulted in the proliferation of the word ‘smart’. The continued use and adoption of smart tourism technologies by tourists is creating a new form of tourist consumption behaviour that is influenced by smart tourism technologies. The notion of smart cities has also emerged. The city of Tshwane has been making strides to become a world class African smart city and such offers the city of Tshwane an opportunity to position itself as a smart tourism destination. Prior to such positioning, it is critical that a research aimed at investigating digital behaviour of tourists visiting the city be conducted. The objective of the current study was to identify and validate the attributes (factors) of the smart tourism technologies that influence a tourist’s destination choice. The study was quantitative in nature. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire with 29 seven-point Likert scale items. A total of 208 questionnaires were collected. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was used to reduce and validate the factors (Attributes). The study identified seven smart tourism technology attributes that influence destination choice, such factors should therefore be considered when designing smart tourism tools aimed to supporting tourist decision making.