Notion Of Meaning Research Articles

Major Trends in Today's Intelligent Robotics in Light of the Creation of Collaborative Artificial Intelligence

Robotics and advances in artificial intelligence are breakthrough innovations with considerable promise and the potential to radically change the economic and social aspects of society. Research on the development of robotics is still scarce. This article fills the gap by analyzing the creation and diffusion of robotics innovation and the role of intellectual property in this process. The robotics innovation ecosystem is based on cooperative networks of independent specialists, scientific organizations, and companies. The state plays a significant role in supporting the innovation activity in the considered sphere, first of all, through grant financing, placement of defense orders and implementation of national strategies of robotics development. Competitions and prizes are an important incentive for creating innovations. Patenting is used by companies to protect intellectual property from encroachment by third parties, to ensure freedom of action, to license technology, and to protect against prosecution. The industrial revolution has changed the very notion of means and means of production in the minds of the masses in such a way that the process of robotization and the introduction of artificial intelligence in different areas of life has become inevitable. The article presents an analysis of possible ways of disclosing the concept of "artificial intelligence" as a legal category and its correlation with the concept of "robot", considers the issues of legal responsibility for the performance of work by artificial intelligence, studies the possibility of recognizing the holder of artificial intelligence work as a subject of law.

Musical Meaning and the Semiotic Hierarchy: Towards a Cognitive Semiotics of Music

Research on the meaning of music has a long tradition, with approaches from several fields, but it lacks a coherent framework for interdisciplinary discussions. As a result, the notion of meaning in music is fragmented among contrasting perspectives. I propose a cognitive-semiotic approach to the analysis of the meaning evoked by music listening, adopting a framework that eludes disciplinary limitations and expands the notion of meaning to the phenomenological concept of intentionality. For this purpose, I apply Zlatev’s Semiotic Hierarchy to the experience of listening to music, analysing the diversity of meaning-making processes involved in music as distributed among several layers of experience. As a result, I propose an updated version of the Semiotic Hierarchy, clarifying its structure as based on possibilities of meaning-making, and allowing for temporality to pervade experience throughout all layers. I highlight the connectedness and simultaneity of different kinds of intentionality, resulting in the addition of the dimension of aesthetic experience – which I analyze as characterizing culture-general music listening. A key claim is that experiencing music aesthetically articulates the listener’s body in their inner sense of space and time, making them feel a sense of movement and vitality. This grounds music as a semiotic system, connecting with and fostering virtually uncountable subject-relative and culture-specific meaning-making acts.

Novel porous structures with non-cubic symmetry: Synthesis, elastic anisotropy, and fatigue life behavior

Natural porous structures are often anisotropic in their elastic properties, i.e., they have directional variations that are related to their topology and geometry. This paper presents the synthesis and simulation framework of novel families of non-cubic porous structures based on implicit modeling of cosine surfaces in the three-dimensional Euclidean space. The synthesis was performed using Field-Driven Design (FDD). An in-depth study of the elastic properties and simulated fatigue compression–compression behavior of a selection of five structures from the orthotropic anisotropy family is presented as case studies exposing the stretching-dominated mechanisms. The apparent properties characterized include Young’s modulus , Poisson’s ratio , shear modulus , bulk modulus , and relative density . A systematic approach to the characterization of average apparent properties was performed according to the schemes of Voigt, Reuss, and Hill. We show the anisotropic variation of the cosine surface–based porous structures using the Universal Elastic Anisotropy Index (AU) and compare it with six well-known triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures by analyzing the stiffness tensor to validate and discuss which individual property (stiffness, rigidity, compressibility) has a higher impact on the final anisotropy value. We also provide a formal curvature analysis, based on the notions of mean and Gaussian curvatures to evidence the ridge-shaped surface in the structures. The proposed porous structures showed advantages when compared to cubic TPMS structures. From the data processing of the five analyzed porous structures, two synthesized structures have AU = 0.394 and 0.478, which are lower values than the structures based on Neovius and Schwarz’s Primitive surfaces with AU = 0.529 and 0.604. In addition, simulation results of cyclic compressive fatigue loading indicate that the fatigue resistance properties of the non-cubic porous structures are higher than the TPMS structures.

From matter to form: the evolution of the genetic code as semio-poiesis

Abstract We address issues of description of the origin and evolution of the genetic code from a semiotics standpoint. Developing the concept of codepoiesis introduced by Barbieri, a new idea of semio-poiesis is proposed. Semio-poiesis, a recursive auto-referential processing of semiotic system, becomes a form of organization of the bio-world when and while notions of meaning and aiming are introduced into it. The description of the genetic code as a semiotic system (grammar and vocabulary) allows us to apply the method of internal reconstruction to it: on the basis of heterogeneity and irregularity of the current state, to explicate possible previous states and various ways of forming mechanisms of coding and textualization. The revealed patterns are consistent with hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the genetic code.

Elementos da sociologia compreensiva de Max Weber: aplicação categorial para a pesquisa em educação

Abstract This article is an introduction to the problem of meaning with the aim of announcing its application in research in education. That is a theoretical-conceptual research, whose theoretical basis of analysis focuses on Max Weber, but organically refers to the phenomenology of Edmund Husserl and Alfred Schutz. Based on Husserl, the various aspects, in which meaning occurs are perceived: as a semantic meaning, as a structural or eidetic meaning, as a grounding or logical meaning and as a motivational meaning. In Weber’s comprehensive sociology, the meaning of motivation stands out, which is manifested through the subject’s concrete actions, and understanding is an understanding of the meaning of action. Schutz retains from Husserl the meaning as prior to action, as a product of consciousness, and from Weber, the meaning of action motivation, which means, in terms of categorical application, in the notion of meaning, in educational research, the possibility of: a) apprehension of educational process as a production of meaning, which means apprehending that in its subjective dimension; b) reflection on the role of subject and object in the research relationship; and c) enhancement of research on the educational process, from the perspective of understanding. It is expected that the results can expand the range of methodological expressions in research in education that are anchored in the phenomenological-interpretative perspective.

Realist and Cognitive Perspectives on Meaning and Semantics

The article presents central paradigms on semantics and meaning. The aim is to introduce the reader of cultural studies to various aspects of modeling meaning and to provide a useful theoretical and methodological semantic apparatus. Various notions of meaning and semantics are examined from philosophical and cognitive perspectives. The author argues that meaning is a conventional entity and part of the social and cultural environment that emerges from the community of language users.

Mission Possible: Intercultural Communication and the Quest for Finding Shared Meaning

The source of objective meaning is a controversial topic. For most of human history, religion had a monopoly on meaning, truth, and values. But from the nineteenth century onwards and with relativism gaining more popularity, this began to change, leaving most people divided into two main camps: those who believe in the existence of objective meaning and truth and those who maintain that such concepts simply do not exist. The resulting impossibility of finding shared meaning is very problematic, especially when it comes to intercultural communication. In fact, to speak of communication is to speak of common meaning. In this paper, I attempt to provide a definition for intercultural communication, explore the issue of shared meaning, and propose a culture-free approach to the latter—one that is based on reverting to an axiomatic understanding of the notion of meaning. My aim is to conclude that the failure of both dogmatism and relativism to sustain intercultural communication should not be interpreted pessimistically. Quite the opposite, it should be viewed as an opportunity to investigate other promising alternatives, mainly Sam Harris’s science of morality.

The paradox of intertextuality and dilemmas in English translations of traditional Chinese medicine texts: terminology as a case study

ABSTRACT Structuralists use the concept and methods of intertextuality to locate and fix literary meaning, yet poststructuralists employ the same term to disrupt notions of meaning, making it difficult to navigate through this paradox in textual and translation studies. When this term was incorporated into Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) translation studies, the paradoxical meanings of the term were also adopted without resolving these paradoxes. This paper therefore focuses on the translation of a few key TCM terms, and attempts to clarify the following translation dilemmas that arise when attempting to apply the concept of intertextuality: 1) Intertextuality deconstructs clear and stable meanings and this leads to untranslatability; 2) It is impossible to reproduce the intertextual relations of the original; 3) The notion of equivalence in translation is therefore an illusion; 4) Translating becomes an intertextual practice itself, and the target text is just intertextually related to the source text. The paper probes into the potential usefulness and significance of intertextuality for TCM translation and finally proves that all dilemmas of translation can only be resolved through the very act of translating.

Home sweet home: Creating a sense of place in globally mobile working lives

AbstractGlobalization has transformed spatial relations, increasing the demand for mobility. Literature tends to see the de‐emphasizing of national identity and the foregrounding of a cosmopolitan identity as central to an individual's ability to navigate this global landscape. For individuals who are constantly moving the question is how do globally mobile workers navigate the intersection of identity, meaningfulness and place? This interpretivist study explores this question through an analysis of 68 semi‐structured interviews with individuals engaged in different forms of global mobility, ranging from traditional expatriate assignments through to global commuting and business travel. Our findings highlight how a complex interplay between national and cosmopolitan identities influences the search for meaningfulness in the lives of these workers. Drawing on notions of meaning and place, we argue that employers should provide opportunities to access identity narratives though networking and other international human resource management (IHRM) practices that enable these workers to create a sense of meaningfulness in their lives. Thus, we offer a contribution to identity studies and the field of global mobility.

Realist and antirealist interpretations of Wittgenstein’s rule-following considerations

The sceptical paradox which Kripke found in Wittgenstein?s rule-following considerations threatens the very notion of meaning. However, Kripke also offered a sceptical solution to it, according to which semantic sentences have no truth conditions, but their meaning is determined by assertability conditions instead. He presented Wittgenstein?s development as the abandoning of semantic realism of the Tractatus in favour of semantic antirealism, characteristic of Philosophical Investigations. Crispin Wright, although at points critical of Kripke?s interpretation, also understood the rule-following considerations as containing a crucial argument for antirealism. Contrary to Wright, John McDowell maintained that they offer a transcendental argument for realism. In this paper, I will argue that neither the realist nor the antirealist reading is faithfull to Wittgenstein, as his important conceptual distinction between criteria and symptoms is not adequately recoverable in any of them. Hence the upshot of rulefollowing considerations is that the distinction between realism and antirealism should not be articulated in terms of truth/assertability conditions.

Conjoining Meanings: Semantics without Truth Values

<i>Conjoining Meanings: Semantics without Truth Values</i>

Intelligence, Meaning, Egoism: Dangerous Connections

The author of the paper delineates and regards numerous ties, existing between the notions of meaning, intelligence and egoism. He demonstrates and proves the possibility of creating a new big construct under the name of «meaningful intelligence» - analogical to emotional intelligence. At the same time, detection of the connections between egoism and intelligence and, especially, with meaning, can decrease moral connotations, associated with the last two notions. It is also shown, that dual-system and multilevel theory, elaborated by the author, eliminates to a large degree contradictions, existing in modern psychology of intelligence.

From Matter to Form: the Evolution of the Genetic Code as Semio-Poiesis

Abstract The code is meaningless unless translated. (Monod 1971, 143) We address issues of a description of the origin and evolution of the genetic code from the semiotics standpoint. Developing the concept of codepoiesis introduced by M. Barbieri, a new idea of semio-poiesis is proposed. Semio-poiesis, a recursive auto-referential processing of a semiotic system, becomes a form of organization of the bio-world when and while notions of meaning and aiming are introduced into it. The description of the genetic code as a semiotic system (grammar and vocabulary) allows us to apply the method of internal reconstruction to it: on the basis of heterogeneity and irregularity of the current state, to explicate possible previous states and various ways of forming coding and textualization mechanisms. The revealed patterns and irregularities are consistent with hypotheses about the origin and evolution of the genetic code.

Forbush decrease spectrum in a magnetic cloud in the 2004 July 27 event

Magnetic clouds affect the intensity of galactic cosmic rays. The diffusion mechanism is usually used as the formation mechanism for Forbush decrease (FD) in a magnetic cloud (MC). An FD is an observed decrease in the cosmic ray intensity. There is a new theory of FD formation, in which the mechanism is the loss of particle energy in the electromagnetic field of a magnetic cloud. The shape of the FD spectrum is calculated for a wide range of particle energies in the 2004 July 27 event. According to the measurements of ground-based neutron monitors and muon telescopes, synchronous changes in the FD amplitude in time indicate that the FD is formed in a magnetic cloud for all energies. However, the calculated FD spectrum differs from the obtained one from measurements. The reasons for the difference can be: 1) the mechanism of formation is not the electromagnetic one; 2) the method for determining the FD spectrum, using the notion of mean or median energies, needs additional studies.

In search of linguistic meaning

The aim of the article is to define the relationship between the meaning included in an utterance and its formal shape. The author based his discussion on the study of natural communication. The notion of meaning is in the article associated with that which in communicational grammar is referred to as cognitive configuration. It is expressed through texts, but texts indicate the meaning a sender intends to send in only a conventional manner. The author stressed the mechanism of the emergence of meaning in the process of paraphrasing utterances and its consequences for the practice of translation. He included the notion of discoursive meaning assuming that every discourse has specific individual self-organisation rules without considering which communication within it would not be possible.

Frege’s Bedeutung

The article raises the question what is the content of Frege’s infamous notion of Bedeutung? It is claimed that the so–called standard interpretation of this notion – Bedeutung as referential relation between a name and an object – was developed and established evaluating Frege’s ideas in philosophy of language in isolation from his logicist ideas. However, precisely his logicist concerns have motivated Frege’s interest in semantic issues. A broader consideration of Frege’s works reveals an internalist and rationalist notion of meaning, that is based on the context principle, and that should not be reduced to mere reference. The question of the meaning of subsentential components, for Frege, is closely related to the question of the meaning of the whole sentence, that is, the meaning of sub–sentential components should be construed as secondary with regard to the meaning of the whole sentence.

From Intelligent to Wise Machines: Why a Poem Is Worth More Than 1 Million Tweets

In recent years, the interest in artificial intelligence and big data has grown exponentially, and the amount of data produced every day is truly staggering. Data are considered to be the “new oil” making algorithms capable of delivering meaningful information, which makes them more “intelligent.” In this position paper, we review the DIKW pyramid model, shedding a new light on each component. In particular, examining the engineering point of view, we focus on the definition of information, giving it a new conceptual structure. If tradition has always considered information as data-bearing meaning, in this paper, we argue that information is not meaningful. In fact, from the analysis of Shannon’s studies in communication engineering, we highlight how the notion of meaning is not necessary for the definition of information. It follows that we need to explore other paths in order to find a sustainable conceptual theory able to provide a new insight. Therefore, we show how it will not only be necessary to carry out a semiotic revolution to be able to introduce meaning into the communicative act, but it is also necessary to introduce the figure of an interpreting agent. Thanks to the interaction between such interpretative acts, which take place in conscious freedom a la Eco, cultural units emerge. Thus, we should address part of today’s research into new forms of data in order to facilitate a semiotic revolution. In particular, digital humanities and cultural heritage can funnel a new type of data for which semiotic representativeness has a greater degree of quality. Knowledge and wisdom are the next steps to truly craft intelligent machines.

Pojęcie znaczenia i jego zakres w koncepcji składni Zenona Klemensiewicza

The Notion of Meaning and Its Scope in Zenon Klemensiewicz’s Conception of Syntax&#x0D; The goal of the paper is to reconstruct and analyse Z. Klemensiewicz’s views on the place that so- -called ‘relative meaning’ occupied in his conception of syntax. Klemensiewicz distinguished 21 types of relative meanings and gave examples of their grammatical and lexical markers. His works, reminded in this paper after nearly half a century from their publication, are treated as documents of historical value.

Carnap and Quine on analyticity: The nature of the disagreement

AbstractThe difference between Carnap and Quine over analyticity is usually thought to turn on a disagreement as to whether there is a notion of meaning, or rules of language, which enable us to define that idea. This paper argues that the more important disagreement is epistemological. Quine came to accept a notion of analyticity. That leaves him in a position somewhat like Putnam's in ‘The Analytic and the Synthetic’: that there is a notion of analyticity, but that it is of no philosophical importance. But their reasons for thinking analyticity unimportant are quite different: for Putnam it is because all analytic truths are trivial; for Quine, the notion of analyticity itself is unimportant. I contrast Putnam's position with that of Carnap, and also contrast Carnap and Quine. Analyticity only has the force that it has for Carnap because he accepts the Principle of Tolerance, the idea that changes within a language and changes of language are subject to justification in different senses. Quine rejects that idea. That is why he does not take analyticity to be philosophically important or useful.

Natural Semantic Metalanguage as an approach to measuring meaning

Do any interesting or valuable fundamental commonalities arise when measurement and linguistic methods are used to understand the same phenomena? A basis for such commonality resides in the human desire for meaning, a need manifest in all cultures and languages. However, the notion of meaning is rarely associated with measurement; it resides more comfortably in the study of language and linguistics. This exploration commences with an examination of measurement theories, principally Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT), with the aim of identifying opportunities for elucidating the meaning of objects of measurement. A brief overview of the discipline of linguistics then reveals the importance of semantics in expressing meaning. An explanation of how the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) can enable explication of linguistic meaning follows. The paper concludes with a proposal for ecological applications of invariant measurement and the NSM.