Notion Of Freedom Research Articles

Sur la soumission au pouvoir. Convergences et differences entre le Discours de la servitude volontaire d’Etienne de La Boétie et la pensée politique de Paul Ricœur

Cette étude procède à une lecture du Discours de la servitude volontaire d’Etienne de La Boétie, en s’attachant à mettre en lumière les convergences et les écarts avec la pensée politique de Paul Ricœur, autour du concept central de volonté. A partir des notions voisines de “dénaturation” et de “pathologie,” se déploie un parcours qui vise à contribuer à instituer le peuple, en regard de l’Etat, par une politique ravivée par l’amitié. Mais une différence sépare les deux penseurs quant aux ressources de la volonté. Cela se traduit au sujet de la notion de liberté, conçue comme absolue chez La Boétie, tandis que Ricœur met l’accent sur sa contingence en lui préférant le terme de capacité.

Prisons, Pedagogy, and Possibilities: An Application of Freire and hooks’ Educational Philosophies

This paper calls attention to educational opportunities inside of correctional facilities. Literature correlates a direct relationship between education and reduced recidivism (Esperian, 2010; Rand Corp., 2014; DOJ, 2016b). Using Freire and hooks’ educational philosophies I discuss how I engaged critical pedagogy while teaching incarcerated juvenile offenders. I found that the youth I worked with were eager for an educational experience that allowed them to critically engage with our social world and analyze their lived experiences. Teaching in this controlled environment was challenging. My autonomy was encroached upon, which offered me a unique insight into the daily lives of the inmates. Through dialogical interactions, my perceptions and assumptions about incarcerated youth were confronted and changed. A radical and transformative pedagogy created a space where the notion of freedom could be negotiated.

Freedom as non-domination in behavioral and biomedical research

In the biomedical and behavioral sciences, it is widely recognized that researchers conducting studies involving human participants must respect the autonomy of research subjects. There is significant debate in the clinical research ethics and bioethics literatures about what it means for an individual to be autonomous. According to proponents of the Liberal Conception of Autonomy (LCA), an autonomous person is an agent who has interests and opinions and the capacity to deliberate about them. In contrast, proponents of the Relational Conception of Autonomy (RCA) argue that because humans are social creatures, autonomy is a relational concept and ought to be recognized as such by medical professionals. In this article, I argue that the LCA/RCA debate is flawed, and that the notion of freedom as non-domination, rather than autonomy, ought to be adopted for biomedical research ethics policies regarding informed consent and research agenda-setting. I then argue that this view of freedom should also be adopted for research ethics policies for the behavioral social sciences.

The Cost of 'Free' in Freelance Industrial Design Work: The Case of Turkey

Recent studies have paid considerable attention to the precarious conditions of creative work following the expansion of creative and cultural industries. These studies have investigated the notions of freedom, autonomy and self-management in relation to contractual form of employment, and demonstrated how aspirations to and expectations of such notions within these industries lead to disappointment and dissatisfaction, for young professionals in particular. Although these notions are also shared within the industrial design profession due to its relationship with creativity, we do not know much about how industrial designers' experiences are shaped by a work ideal based on freedom, autonomy and self-management. This is an important question especially in the context of recently-graduated industrial designers who prefer to work as freelancers over getting in-house positions in manufacturing companies, which provide better job security, higher income and promotion opportunities. This paper explores this question drawing on the narratives of 24 industrial designers with work experience in Turkey, where industrial design has gained prominence in the last 15 years. It concludes that the freelance design work in the pursuit of autonomy by young designers seems to normalize low-paid, uncertain and insecure jobs through creating the illusion of being ‘free’ to accept these conditions.

Larry Flynt as a Controversial Advocate for Freedom of Speech in The People vs. Larry Flynt

The focus of this article is to examine the notion of freedom, and more precisely freedom of speech, in the light of The People vs. Larry Flynt . The analysis will pay close attention to what has always been a central concern of American society constituting one of the basic principles on which the new nation was founded. What is more, the article will try to indicate that freedom of speech has been as essential as controversial in many respects, which is proven by numerous examples from American history. As a baseline of this study I have chosen Larry Flynt, whose life and legal battles form the central theme of the selected biopic. The article will scrutinize the plot of the movie, as it provides interesting insights into the life of this controversial advocate of freedom of speech. Flynt made himself well-known, if not notorious, by being the focal point of countless debates that concerned moral issues, public taste, and two basic rights guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and the First Amendment. Ultimately, the article will try to challenge the concept of a society based on the notion of freedom of speech by asking and trying to answer three questions: What precisely is freedom of speech? Is freedom of speech absolute? Are there any limits of expression and if so, then where to draw the line?

Metafísica y existencia: la noción de libertad en la obra

En el presente trabajo se abordan algunos de los conceptos y principios más importantes de la obra de Cornelio Fabro, con el fin de ponderar el alcance, originalidad y consistencia de su posición especulativa respecto de la noción de libertad. En la primera parte, se presenta el itinerario intelectual y científico de Cornelio Fabro. En la segunda, se examina el fundamento metafísico y existencial de la libertad y se hace un recorrido filosófico por los autores más representativos de la modernidad que intervienen en su pensamiento. En la tercera, se realizan algunas consideraciones finales que delimitan los puntos centrales desarrollados en el trabajo.

Seguridad interna. Promoción de las libertades de los ciudadanos. Derechos humanos, derechos de las minorías

To relate the concept of Security, specially the concept of it's breadth inside the rule of law, it is necessary to compare it to the notion of freedom in the context of the election of moving around, deciding our political representatives, participating on the conditions of equality on the community life, enjoying the social welfare, and mainly, on the certain about the existence of a group of rights that guarantee the interrelation between security and freedom, avoiding the risk that the relation of subjective rights takes part only between individuals.

On freedom, kinship, and the market. Rethinking property and law in the ottoman slave system

This article focuses on domestic slavery, kinship, and the early modern market in 17th -century Ottoman Istanbul. By drawing on the notarial registers (sicils) kept by the legal courts of Istanbul as well as on jurisprudential (fiqh) works, this article dismantles the interplay amongst notions of freedom, kinship, and the economic value not only of slave bodies but also of their labour, which could be de tachable from the body as an object of commercial contract. While grappling with these questions, the article also unravels the fictional capacity of Islamic jurisprudencie in fabricating kinship ties between the master and the slave. Hence, this article aims at exploring the servile component of the market and the social in 17th -century Istanbul.

The Chevrolet Girl

An adolescent girl explores the notion of freedom as she navigates her abusive home life. The story, which takes place on both sides of the El Paso-Juarez border in the 1970s, also examines racial tensions and the differing viewpoints between generations.

Grotius and English Charters

When examined collectively the trade and colonization charters that Tudor and Stuart monarchs issued demonstrate a developing English conception of world order based on trade monopolies and not on ecclesiastical premises or on the Grotian notion of freedom of the seas. There were therefore three early modern conceptions of how an international order might be created, not one, all of which affected European trade with the Americas and Asia. They all began with the assumption that the discovery of the several new worlds required developing rules of engagement to reduce if not to eliminate conflict among the European nations engaged in overseas exploration, settlement, and trade. As Koen Stapelbroek has pointed out, understanding the role of legal notions in the actual historical creation and gradually evolving function of a new kind of commercial-political entity, requires a distinctly non-doctrinal focus.’

Hegel, Liberalism and the Pitfalls of Representative Democracy

AbstractAlthough Hegel is very critical of representative democracy, his views on political participation are in many ways richer and more sophisticated than the ones favoured today by most Western societies. The present paper aims to shed light on this apparent paradox by dispelling some of the misunderstandings still associated with Hegel’s ethical and political thought. I argue, on the one hand, that Hegel’s emphasis on the notion of freedom does not amount to an endorsement of political liberalism, but to a critique of its underlying principles. On the other hand, I show that the Hegelian theory of the modern state, albeit falling short of a fully democratic constitutional solution, is by no means opposed to social justice or political pluralism. Hegel views political freedom as the result of a global web of mutual recognition, embodied by social institutions destined to bridge the gap between private and communal interests. Despite the ambiguous and outdated elements of Hegel’s description, I believe his overall solution remains uniquely relevant, and an important source for the ongoing debate about the merits and limitations of contemporary democracies.

Political Action Beyond Resistance: Arendt and “Revolutionary Spirit” in Egypt

The article examines what it calls the “politics-as-resistance” frame in contemporary political theory, originating in the works of Michel Foucault and Judith Butler. This way of organizing political experience is contrasted with Hannah Arendt’s political thought, particularly her writings on revolutionary action. Arendt’s often overlooked – and partly unpublished – passages on virtu and fortuna are further suggested as important additions to her thinking on action. I argue that Arendt’s “world-centric” approach can illuminate certain aspects of political experience that remain dimmed in the more subject-oriented politics- as-resistance frame. Particular focus is paid to the austere notion of freedom in politics-as-resistance, its overly process-oriented presentation of political temporality, underdeveloped approach to institutions, and insufficient exploration of the joyful end of the affective register of action. In the last part of the article, the tragedy of the Egyptian 2011 revolution is discussed as an illustration of the arguments.

REPÚBLICA Y DEMOCRACIA DELIBERATIVA: CLAVES PARA SU CONVERGENCIA TEÓRICA

Contemporary deliberative democracy proposals have paid little attention to classical and modern republican discourse, and the design of the Republican State does not usually dwell on current models of deliberative democracy. In this text will be support, on the one hand, that democratic deliberation can play a decisive role both in defining the direction of the Republic and in the processes and institutions that guarantee its operation and, on the other hand, that parts Republican architecture are key to build and maintain genuinely a free and open democratic deliberation. In addition, in the article will be offered reasons and arguments to justify, first, that a good republic supported by justice and the law cannot do without democratic deliberation, and second, that a good deliberative democracy cannot turn his back on the republican notion of freedom as non-domination.

Amartya Sen frente al espejo social de la libertad. Límites al enfoque de las capacidades individuales

This paper illustrates somehow aspect of the capabilities approach developed by the economist and philosopher Amartya Sen. Particularly it examines how the concept of freedom (as “opportunity”) reveals unable to empirically and normatively adjust to the notion of freedom as capability. From such categorical contradiction is introduced a set of unprecedented concepts that, gathered to the largest social dimension of freedom, allow releasing from such mismatch. Conclusions are focused on the emphasis of social environment as state that far from its recognized influence on individual capabilities has potentially enablers’ elements.

Freedom Is a Self-contradictory Notion: Schelling’s insight into the self-contradictoriness of the notion of freedom in his early philosophy

Freedom Is a Self-contradictory Notion: Schelling’s insight into the self-contradictoriness of the notion of freedom in his early philosophy

Critiquing Hegemony of Capitalism: A Call for Popular Education

ABSTRACTIn capitalistic society freedom of individuals for making profits and accumulating wealth is understood as a universal truth. Competition among people equipped with this limited notion of freedom is taken as an inevitable prerequisite for achieving prosperity. The current body of scholarship lacks proper explanation of what makes capitalism so hegemonic that it continuously shapes human beliefs and practices. The paper argues that this limited notion of freedom has shaped our imaginary, thoughts and actions. Few people have benefitted but this imaginary has made our societies increasingly unequal and unjust. The paper conceptualises popular education as an alternative approach not only for critiquing the hegemony of capitalism but also for the creation of a more just society. The paper concludes that “popular education” could provide some useful conceptual tools—mainly conscientisation, problem posing method, study circles, and critical pedagogy—as enabling conditions to critically examine some of the hegemonic assumptions of capitalism intractably embedded in our beliefs and thoughts.

The Role of Good Faith in the Pre-Contractual Responsibility in International Contracts: A Comparative Study between Common Law and Civil Law

The present study investigates pre-contractual responsibility as it pertains to Private International Law. The researcher attempts to determine the terms and conditions of this responsibility. First, he bases the study on an analysis of doctrine and case law related to Good Faith, then he turns to examine various provisions under international documents. More specifically, this work examines how breaches in negotiations are dealt with when there are no existing pre-contracts. In order to determine the parameters involved, the nature of the responsibility will be determined. Since it has not been coded in a lot of nationals laws and is not specified in any major international documents, liability is considered within the framework of one of two main systems, either contractual or extra-contractual. In most civil law countries, the doctrine and jurisprudence have associated pre-contractual liability with the extra-contractual framework. Meanwhile, the notion of freedom prevents Common Law countries from accepting the concepts of good faith and pre-contractual liability, even though they sanction faulty behaviour during negotiations through various mechanisms. The nature of the liability remains unclear under International law due to the diversity among members comprising the committees that elaborate norms. However, all agree that there is a fundamental concept underlying pre-contractual liability: that of good faith. It remains central to the notion of fault and dictates the ethics involved in negotiations.

The complex tapestry of free will: striving will, indeterminism and volitional streams

The aim of this paper is to respond to recent discussion of, and objections to, the libertarian view of free will I have developed in many works over the past four decades. The issues discussed all have a bearing on the central question of how one might make sense of a traditional free will requiring indeterminism in the light of modern science. This task involves, among other things, avoiding all traditional libertarian appeals to unusual forms of agency or causation (uncaused causes, noumenal selves, non-event agent causes, etc.) that cannot be accounted for by ordinary modes of explanation familiar to the natural and human sciences. Doing this, I argue, requires piecing together a “complex tapestry” of ideas and arguments that involve rethinking many traditional assumptions about free will. The paper also argues that one cannot get to the heart of historical debates about free will without distinguishing different kinds of freedom, different senses of will, and different notions of control, among other distinctions. I especially focus here on different notions of freedom and control that are necessary to make sense of free will.

Nondomination or Practices of Freedom? French Muslim Women, Foucault, and The Full Veil Ban

This article proposes a conception of freedom understood as practices. Based on Michel Foucault's work on the ethics of the self, I develop a conception of freedom that exceeds liberation and distinguishes between genuine practices of freedom and practices of the self that are unreflective responses to systems of government. I develop and illustrate this conception through an engagement with the recent French ban on full veils in public spaces and the ethnographic literature on European Muslim revival movements. I reconstruct how Muslim women relate to alternative discourses through specific practices of the self. These practices reveal that French Muslim women actively contest discourses of secularism and liberation that construct them as inherently passive and in need of tutelage. The conception I develop sheds light on some shortcomings of Philip Pettit's notion of freedom as nondomination. I argue that the proposed account is useful to, first, criticize the centrality of the opposition between arbitrary and nonarbitrary power in the definition of freedom. Second, I show that the predominant engagement with the external dimension of freedom in Pettit makes it difficult to capture the particular subjective practices that make up freedom and its development in the presence of power and/or attempts at domination.

Some Reflections on Capability and Republican Freedom

This paper explores the relationship between Republicanism and the capability approach. While these views and the notions of freedom they endorse are distinct, it is argued that when we trace some of the antecedents of the capability approach notably in the works of Karl Marx these approaches are more closely connected than one might expect from an exchange between Philip Pettit and Amartya Sen. It is, for this reason, unsurprising that Pettit uses the capability approach in advancing his Republican view, though in ways which are quite different from Sen's and Martha Nussbaum's specific proposals. Nonetheless, I argue that development of the capability approach also converges with the Republican view once one explicitly lists capabilities relating to self-respect and dignity in the way that Nussbaum does in her version of the approach. I illustrate this point in the context of disability.