Note-taking Technique Research Articles

Tantangan dan Solusi Generasi Sandwich: Mengelola Tekanan Finansial dan Emosional

The sandwich generation, namely individuals caught between the obligations of caring for their parents and their children, faces complex challenges, both financially and emotionally. In a TEDx presentation by Della Fadillah, this generation is described with a sandwich metaphor that describes the double burden they bear. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods with note-taking techniques to analyze the experiences of Fadillah, who from a young age had to support his family financially, overcome emotional difficulties, and prepare for the future with financial literacy. This article discusses how financial education and investment can be a way for the sandwich generation to achieve financial independence. The research results show that although this generation is faced with great challenges, hope and careful planning can help them break the cycle of dependency. Suggestions are given to strengthen financial literacy as a long-term solution.

Analisis Transitivitas pada Penokohan dalam Cerpen Bas les masques dan Délivrance: Kajian Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional

This study aims to describe the characterizations in the “Bas les masques” and “Délivrance” short stories based on the transitivity process and describe the characterization techniques used in the “Bas les masques” and “Délivrance” short stories. This research uses a descriptive approach with a qualitative method. The data are the clauses explaining characterizations in the short stories “Bas les masques” by Benoît Broyart and “Délivrance” by Jean-Paul Nozière. The data collection of this research is carried out by scrutinizing and note-taking techniques. The data are analyzed using the transitivity theory in Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics and Nurgiyantoro’s character depiction theory. The results of this study indicate that the characterization in these two stories are dominantly described by material process, i.e. 8 clauses (35%) in the “Bas les masques” short story and 9 clauses (39%) in the “Délivrance” short story. The processes that are not found are behavioral process because the characters’ behavior cannot be explained from their own perspective. Regarding the character depiction techniques, the two short stories both use conversation techniques and other character’s reaction techniques. Apart from that, there is also the stream of consciousness technique which is only used in “Bas les masques” short story and the character reaction technique which is only used in “Délivrance” short story. From the results of this research, it can be concluded that transitivity analysis can support the study of characterization in literary works because the character's personality can be represented through their experiences in the story.

MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOUNDING IN THE NOVEL THE BURNING MAZE: THE TRIALS OF APOLLO BY RICK RIORDAN

This research concerned a morphological analysis of compounding within The Burning Maze: The Trials of Apollo by Rick Riordan. This study morphologically described the importance of language in conveying deep emotion and thematic richness. This descriptive qualitative linguistic research employed the observation and auto-expert judgment methods for the data collection and morphological note-taking techniques for the data analysis. The results revealed patterns of word combinations that contributed to the linguistic richness and depth of the themes. The discussion interpreted these findings in the context of the novel’s storytelling, providing further understanding of the role of morphology in character development and plot complexity. The results showed that compounding in The Burning Maze: The Trials of Apollo by Rick Riordan had a combination of elements with the form of the Noun (N) + Verb (V); Noun (N) + Noun (N); Verb (V) + Verb (V); Adjective (Adj) + Noun (N); Verb (V) + Noun (N); Adverb (Adv) + Noun (N); Noun (N) + Adverb (Adv); Adjective (Adj) + Verb (V); Adjective (Adj) + Adjective (Adj); Adverb (Adv) + Adjective (Adj); Verb (V) + Adverb (Adv); Noun (N) + Adjective(Adj); Verb (V) + Adjective (Adj). Besides revealing linguistic nuances in literary works, this research has strived to deepen our understanding of the intricate layers within literature, showcasing how the careful selection of words enhanced the reader’s immersive journey into the literary landscape.

ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE BAHASA MAKASSAR KE BAHASA BUGIS DI PELELANGAN IKAN PA’JUKUKANG KABUPATEN BANTAENG

The main problem in this research is the form of code switching and code mixing between sellers and buyers at the Pa'jukukang fish auction, Bantaeng district. This research aims to describe the forms of code switching and code mixing from Makassar language to Bugis language of sellers and buyers at the Pa'jukukang fish auction, Bantaeng district. This type of research is a qualitative approach with a descriptive qualitative research design. The subjects in this research were sellers and buyers at the Pa'jukukang fish auction, Bantaeng district. The data in this research is in the form of oral data in the form of words, clauses and sentences containing code switching and code mixing from Makassar language to Bugis language sourced from sources, namely sellers and buyers at the Pa'jukukang fish auction, Bantaeng district, which was taken while the conversation process was in progress. Data collection was carried out using recording, listening and note-taking techniques. The results of this research show that there are three forms of code switching at the Bantaeng district fish auction, namely inter-sentence consisting of three data, intra-sentence consisting of three data, and code switching in tags consisting of three data. There are two forms of code mixing, namely the insertion of elements in the form of words consisting of three data and the insertion of elements in the form of phrases consisting of three data.

Penyimpangan Prinsip Kerja Sama dalam Penciptaan Humor Wacana Lisan Stand-Up Comedy Ali Akbar: Kajian Pragmatik

This research is entitled “Deviation of the Principle of Cooperation in the Creation of Humor in Ali Akbar's Stand-Up Comedy Oral Discourse: A Pragmatic Study”. There are two problems in this research, namely what deviations of the principle of cooperation are contained in the oral discourse of Ali Akbar's stand-up comedy, and what kind of humor is contained in the oral discourse of Ali Akbar's stand-up comedy. This study aims to classify the form of deviation of the principle of cooperation used as a means of creating humor contained in the oral discourse of Ali Akbar's stand-up comedy. The theory used in this study is the theory of the principle of cooperation Grice in Wijana (1996). The data collection method used is the listening method equipped with the tapping technique and the advanced technique of free listening and speaking and the note-taking technique. The data analysis method is the matching method and the distribution method. The method of presenting the results of the data analysis used in this study is the informal method. Based on the analysis that has been carried out, the form of deviation of the principle of cooperation is found to include, deviation of single maxims and deviation of double maxims. The humor contained is joking, insulting, complaining, and satirizing.

Phonological Process of Word-Final Consonant Sounds in Indonesian Learners by Japanese Speakers (Case Study of Japanesia Online Course Students)

This study aims to analyze the phonological processes and contributing factors affecting the pronunciation of final consonant sounds by native Japanese speakers learning Indonesian. The research employs the theory of generative transformational phonology, using distinctive features to address the research questions. A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted, utilizing data from the Japanesia course's online class videos on YouTube, collected through observation and note-taking techniques. The analysis identifies three main phonological processes in Japanese learners' pronunciation of Indonesian final consonants: sound substitution (e.g., [n] to [ŋ] and [l] to [r]), elision of [h], and addition of sounds such as [u] following [r] and [s], as well as aspirated [h] after [t] and [k]. These phonological adjustments reflect the absence of certain Indonesian sounds in Japanese, prompting learners to adapt pronunciations to their native phonological system. Furthermore, the Japanese language’s predominant open syllable structure (CVCV) generally excludes word-final consonants aside from nasals, contributing to these adaptations.

Multiculturalism in the Novel of Si Anak Pintar by Tere Liye

Multiculturalism is a form of appreciation and respect for other people regardles of ethnicity, tribe and culture. This research describes the element of multiculturalism in the novel of Si Anak Pintar by Tere Liye. This research uses an interpretative descriptive method by presenting interpretations in descriptive form. The data analysis technique uses reading and note-taking techniques, with four steps, namely: (1) data classification, (2) interpreting the data, (3) interpreting the findings, and (4) writing a report based on the findings. The research results show that the novel of Si Anak Pintar by Tere Liye contains elements of multiculturalism, namely: a sense of solidarity and brotherhood, gender equality, open trade, family values, respect for morals, feeling content in life, and sharing social control.

Pragmatic Analysis in Speech Acts (bahasa ogan) used between Buyers and Wanita Bakul in Batu putih Village

This research aims to discover the types of locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary speech acts used by buyers and Wanita Bakul in Batuputih village. The method used in this research is qualitative with descriptive type. The data collection techniques used are recording techniques and listening and recording techniques. The data source in this research was obtained from buyers and Wanita Bakul in Batuputih village, who engaged in speech act interactions using oganese language in buying and selling transactions. The researchers used proficient free involved listening, recording, and Wanita Bakul note-taking techniques to collect the data required in this research. The results show that the speech acts used in buying and selling interactions in Batuputih village, total number of speech acts was 84, locutionary act 9, illocutionary act 25 and perlocutionary act 29. The perlocutionary act is the most dominant speech act between buyers and Wanita Bakul interactions in Batuputih village.

Perubahan Bunyi Bahasa Proto Austronesia ke dalam Bahasa Melayu Riau Dialek Pasir Pengaraian

Riau Malay has language variations generating various dialects, including Pasir Pengaraian dialect, which reflects sound differences. To understand the characteristics of the dialect, it is necessary to analyze the sound changes from Proto Austronesian into Pasir Pengaraian Riau Malay dialect. The purpose of this research was first, to identify the sound changes of Proto Austronesian language into Riau Malay dialect of Pasir Pengaraian using Keraf's theory and second, to analyze the meaning changes that occur due to sound changes using Crowley & Bowern's theory. This research belonged to qualitative-descriptive research exploring thoroughly how sound changes from Proto Austronesian languages occured in detail and how these changes affect the meaning of words in cultural and social contexts which were then explained and described systematically. The data collection method used was interview method with listening technique, note-taking technique and recording technique by referring to the list of 200 Swadesh vocabularies. The results of the research obtained that (1) the types of sound changes of Proto Austronesian language into Riau Malay language were assimilation (progressive assimilation and palatalization), metathesis, afferesis, syncope, apocope, prothesis, epenthesis, paragogue, and monoftongization. (2) meaning changes that occur were pejoration, broadening, narrowing, and bifurcation.

Implikasi Penggunaan Alih Kode Dalam Film “Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap” Terhadap Komunikasi Antar Remaja di Lingkungan Sekolah

Language diversity allows each person to use more than one language. The use of several languages ​​in communication presents the potential for code mixing and code switching. These two linguistic events often occur in various environments, even in the mass media. This study aims to describe (1) the types and forms of code switching in the film Ngeri Ngeri Sedap; (2) factors that cause code switching in the film Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap; and (3) the use of the analysis results as a review of communication between teenagers in the school environment. This study is a qualitative descriptive study. The data collection technique used is the free listening technique with advanced techniques in the form of note-taking techniques. Data analysis is carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that: (1) there are 15 internal code switching data involving Indonesian, Batak, Sundanese, and Javanese. (2) the results of the analysis can be used as a review of communication between teenagers in the school environment.

Analisis Kalimat Efektif Pada Teks Opini Dalam Laman “Harian Jogja” Edisi Agustus 2023 Sebagai Bacaan Edukasi

Syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies phrases, clauses and sentences. This article focuses more on analyzing sentences in a text, where the sentence itself is a language unit that is relatively independent, has final intonation, and actually or potentially consists of clauses. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of sentences in opinion texts on the August 2023 edition of “Harian Jogja” as educational reading in terms of sentence structure and word choice. The type of research method used is descriptive qualitative research method and syntactic approach. The research data are the results of identifying ineffective sentences used in opinion texts on the “Harian Jogja” August 2023 Edition as Educational Reading. The data collection technique used is the syntactic approach in the form of listening and note-taking techniques. The informal method is used as a data presentation technique in this research. The data presentation is written in the form of a table containing some ineffective sentences and their improvements. From the analysis, 121 sentences were found consisting of 58 effective sentences and 63 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Peubahan Iklim dan Peran Masyarakat Memilah Sampah” there are 17 effective sentences and 22 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Mencermati Arsitektur RAPBN 2024,” there are 19 effective sentences and 18 ineffective sentences. In the opinion text titled “Peluang dan Tantangan Pertukaran Karbon,” there are 22 effective sentences and 23 ineffective sentences. This research produces several ineffective sentences which are classified into 3 namely waste in the use of words, inaccuracy in the use of words, and the last is the incompatibility of the information provided. In this analysis, the researcher uses one of the opinion texts as an example or sample, namely the opinion text entitled “Perubahan Iklim dan Peran Masyarakat dalam Memilah Sampah”. From the analysis of the opinion text which is composed of 39 sentences, there are 22 ineffective sentences. This study is useful as a guideline for writing effective sentences, besides that writers can pay more attention to writing in an opinion text that is by the rules of language.

Analisis Kesalahan Berbahasa Teks Berita Dalam Website "Detiknews" Edisi Februari 2024 Sebagai Kalayakan Bahan Ajar Membaca Kritis Siswa Kelas X SMA Terhadap Perilaku Sosial Remaja

The development of the times is accompanied by progress in various fields of life, such as science, technology, and economics. Progress is also felt in the scientific field of journalism. One of the terms in the field of journalism that is commonly known by the general public is print mass media, such as newspapers. Today's newspapers are not only printed on paper, but many newspapers have created their own blogs or pages so that news can be read online. The aim of this research is to analyze language errors based on the classification of linguistic categories, namely syntax, which includes the areas of spelling and sentence effectiveness. The data source is several news stories published on the detikNews website in the February 2024 edition. The data was then analyzed using the listening method and note-taking techniques. The results of the research showed that there were 52 errors in the use of spelling and punctuation, which were described as follows: a) there were 11 errors in writing foreign words; b) there were 8 errors in writing numbers; c) there were 13 errors in writing capital letters; d) there were 15 errors in the use of punctuation marks; e) there were 5 errors in writing pronouns. Apart from that, there were 44 errors in the use of ineffective sentences, which are described as follows: a) there were 14 errors in choosing diction; b) there are 10 sentences with no subject or predicate; c) there are 9 sentences with overlapping words; d) there are 11 long-winded sentences. It is hoped that the results of the analysis in this article will increase understanding and deeper knowledge regarding linguistics, namely syntax, including the areas of spelling and word choice and their use, knowledge about the types, as well as providing suitable teaching materials for class X high school students for them to carry out assessments and considerations. about adolescent social behavior critically.

Grammatical Relations of German and Indonesian language in Criminal Texts Der Spiegel and Kompas

This study aims to analyze the types of grammatical relations that appear in Germany in the German criminal text Der Spiegel and Indonesian in the Indonesian criminal text Kompas. The data in this study are 127 clauses in German and 90 clauses in Indonesia. The data sources in this study are 3 German crime texts in the German (online) magazine Der Spiegel and 3 Indonesia newspapers Kompas in the May 2024 issue. The research design used is Qualitative Descriptive. Data collection was carried out using critical reading and note-taking techniques. Meanwhile, the approach used in this study is the Typology approach of Comrie (1981) and Farrel (2005). The results of this study show that there are: (1) 4 types of grammatical relations, namely Nominative with 13 findings (10%), Nominative-Acoussative with 48 findings (38%), Active language with 44 findings (35%) and Passive language with 22 findings (17%) appear as types of grammatical relations that occur in German in the online criminal text Der Spiegel; (2) 4 types of grammatical relations found in Indonesian criminal texts in Kompas, that is Nominative with 7 findings (8%), Nominative-Accusative with 38 findings (42%), Active language with 32 findings (36%) and Passive language with 13 findings (14%); (3) the Nominative-Accusative grammatical relationship type with 48 findings (38%) is the dominant one found in the German criminal text in the May 2024 edition of Der Spiegel online; and (4) the Nominative-Accusative grammatical relationship type with 38 findings (42%) is the most dominant in the Indonesian crime text in the May 2024 issue of the Kompas newspaper.

Dialek Sosial Masyarakat Bugis-Makassar Kelurahan Minasa Upa Kecamatan Rappocini Kota Makassar

Language and society are very closely related, this relationship includes age and social status which mutually influence language, voice color and accent for each language speaker. Sociolect (from the words social and dialect) or social dialect is a language variation associated with a particular social group. Sociolect occurs in various groups of society according to social class, age and occupation. Language differences between upper class and lower class society, teenagers and old people, doctors and lawyers, are examples of social dialect. This research aims to describe the use of sociolectic language variations in communication between the Bugis-Makassar community, Minasa Upa Village, Rappocini District, Makassar City. The data in this research are all everyday language utterances in communication that are identified as using sociolect. Meanwhile, the data source used is the Bugis-Makassar community who live in Minasa Upa Village, Rappocini District, Makassar City. Data collection techniques include; observation techniques, recording techniques and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique is carried out in an interpretative descriptive manner, namely data that has been collected on a device, listened to and recorded, then identified and analyzed in depth by sorting and selecting information according to the research focus, namely the various forms of sociolect in communication among the Bugis-Makassar community. Based on the results of the research, the researchers found 16 data on sociolectic language variations, especially conversations in terms of age level, nobility level, and education level, with details of 8 data variations of colloquial language, 2 data variations of slang language, and 6 data variations of vulgar language.

Maksim Percakapan dalam Program Acara I-Talk di Insert Live

This study aims to describe the form and function of conversational maxims in the I-Talk program on Insert Live. The inappropriateness of the speaker's speech in responding to the presenter's speech and the lack of communication strategies carried out by the presenter in talking to the speaker are the background for the researcher to choose the speech between Maria Christy and Amanda Caesa in the I-Talk program to be studied. This study uses a descriptive research type with a qualitative approach, because it can explain simply and clearly based on the focus of the study. The data in this study are the speech between Maria Christy and Amanda Caesa in the I-Talk program on Insert Live which contain conversational maxims, and the data sources are obtained from the I-Talk program on the Insert Live platform. The data collection technique in this study uses the free listening technique and the note-taking technique. The data analysis technique in this study uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing techniques. The results of this study are the form and function of conversational maxims in the I-Talk program. The forms of conversational maxims found are the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relevance, and the maxim of implementation. The conversational maxim functions found are assertive, directive, and expressive functions. The maxim of quantity is the most frequently found in this study, because Maria Christy and Amanda Caesa provide informative speech or information and do not exceed what is needed. The assertive function is the most frequently found in this study, because Maria Christy and Amanda Caesa provide speech that functions to state, ask, and explain as an effective communication strategy between speakers and conversation partners in the I-Talk event on Insert Live.

ANALISIS POLA KALIMAT PADA DONGENG MUNI PENIUP TEROMPET KARYA ENDANG FIRDAUS

A sentence is the smallest unit of language, in oral or written form, and capable of expressing a complete thought. Fairy tales are fictional stories that not only contain moral values, but are also made to entertain. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the sentence patterns in the fairy tale “Muni Peniup Terompet” by Endang Firdaus using descriptive qualitative research methods. In this research, secondary data was used and data collection was carried out using observation and analysis methods, then carrying out reading and note-taking techniques. The results of this research contain sentence patterns in the fairy tale texts being analyzed. The sentence patterns found are: 1) S and P; 2) S-P and O; 3) S-P-O and K; 4) K-S-P and O; and 5) K-S-P and K. Keywords: Sentence, Sentence Patterns, Fairy Tale

Indigenization of Pakistani English in Kanza Javed’s Ashes, Wine and Dust

This article explores the indigenization of English in Pakistan in Kanza Javed’s English novel ‘Ashes, Wine and Dust’. This exploratory and interpretative research employed a close reading of the novel to analyse lexical borrowing in Pakistani English, utilising a note-taking technique to identify incorporated Urdu words, examining linguistic features such as semantic fields. The analysis following established frameworks that focus on lexical borrowing and variation as reflections of socio-linguistic practices. The research aimed to explore two key questions regarding lexical variation in this novel. First, the study examined how Javed incorporates various lexical borrowing in her novel. These include words related to food, living styles, clothing, forms of address and titles, religious terms, Indo-Pak history, traditional wedding events, ethnic identity, languages representing cultural identity, and places symbolizing cultural heritage. Each of these categories reflects the rich cultural and historical context of Pakistan. Second, the study analysed how these lexical variations reflect socio-linguistic practices in Pakistani English. The novel shows the use of code-switching and compounding, two prominent features of Pakistani English that highlight the engaging language use between Urdu and English, blending them to create a distinct linguistic identity. By integrating these cultural-specific words, the writer aims to enhance the authenticity of the story and connect with a broader audience. This shows how language variation reflects the socio-linguistic norms of Pakistani society.

Hubungan Ranah Sumber dan Ranah Target dalam Ungkapan Metaforis Tentang Pendidian di Media Sosial X

This study aims to identify conceptual metaphors about education on the social media platform X, as well as the types of metaphors that emerge from observing the phenomenon of educational development in Indonesia, which prompts people to express their emotions on Twitter. Because the use of conceptual metaphors likely occurs unintentionally, resulting in diverse forms, this study seeks to explore the relationship between the source domain and the target domain in metaphorical expressions unintentionally produced by individuals about education. The data in this study is qualitative; data collection was done by documenting and observing data on the social media platform X, aided by note-taking techniques to record the data found, which was then analyzed using the conceptual metaphor theory of Kovecses (2006), which divides metaphors into three types: structural, orientational, and ontological. The study's results show the forms of conceptual metaphors found include education as a place, education as wealth, good as up, bad as down, and education as an entity.

UNVEILING GENDER BIAS: AN ANALYSIS THE DECONSTRUCTION OF MEANING IN ADVERTISING THROUGH CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

Society's current views on gender equality have become a crucial topic of in-depth discussion, especially those widely promoted by modern society in advertising. It proves that the meaning of gender equality recognized in society has shifted from its true meaning. This research aims to raise the issue of gender equality by deconstructing the meaning of gender equality in advertising from a feminist perspective using Critical Discourse Analysis. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research design with a critical discourse analysis approach by Fairclough, which focuses on three dimensions: the textual, discursive, and sociocultural practice dimensions. The data collection technique in this research uses the SBLC (Simak Bebas Libat Cakap) and note-taking techniques, in which the researcher listens to the utterances contained in the advertisement and records the utterances that will be used as data objects. Data sources were obtained from advertisements published on YouTube, totaling four advertisements with the theme of gender equality. The results of this study provide a deep understanding of the meaning of gender equality in the media and society. They can build different stereotypes or realities and be well-accepted by society. In addition, the deconstruction of meaning allows us as researchers or academics to look more critically at the discourse in these advertisements and whether gender equality always puts men in a position that dominates women.

Semantic Components of English Directive Speech Act Verbs (Order, Command, Instruct)

This research focuses on synonymous English speech act verbs that mean “giving order” (directive). The verbs analyzed in this study are those with very close synonymy, namely order, command, and instruct. The aim of this research is to describe in more detail the semantic behavior of the directive English speech act verbs through their semantic component. This semantics study is qualitative descriptive research. The data in this study were collected by using corpus linguistics and observation methods with note-taking techniques. The data source is the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). There are 300 citations for each verb analyzed, which making in total 900 citations analyzed in the study. The study found that the verbs order, command, and instruct has eight semantic features/components that differentiate those three verbs, namely the components of authority, the way of saying, form of order, the duration of orders, level of urgency, actor and undergoer positions, domain of use, compliance level.