Notation Scheme Research Articles

TADEUS: seamless development of task-based and user-oriented interfaces

Task-based and user-oriented user interfaces utilize knowledge about user tasks and user characteristics to the utmost extent. They support users throughout their work flows, and must be constructed by a development process that avoids loss of application context and involves user feedback, from requirements specification to code generation. The concepts behind the task analysis/design/end users systems (TADEUS) approach to enable seamless task-based development are a semantically rich representation scheme, a model-driven development procedure, a diagrammatic notation and unifying specification scheme. Thus, interactive applications can be developed seamlessly. Specifications comprise problem domain knowledge, work processes, user roles and personal profiles, as well as interaction modalities (required for task accomplishment). For user-interface prototyping the TADEUS environment contains a model interpreter that executes structure and behavior specifications. This way, early feedback on task-based portals can be provided by users. In this paper we detail the latest developments in the TADEUS project when implementing a work-process based usability life cycle. We review the underlying methodology and the features of the TADEUS environment, in order to demonstrate the benefits for developers and users resulting of smooth transition support for and between the different stages of development.

Polynomial discriminants. I. Matrix magic

I like beautiful equations, but beauty is sometimes subtle or hidden by bad notation. I reveal some of the hidden beauty in the explicit formulation of the discriminants of polynomials. Along the way I drag in some clever algebra, promote some notational schemes from mathematical physics and illustrate some ways of visualizing homogeneous space. This will ultimately lead us to some interesting ways to find roots of these polynomials, a task that will become more and more important as we computer graphicists struggle to break free of the tyranny of the polygon and move into rendering higher order surfaces. First I review discriminants.

A predictive template for the apparatus architecture of the Carboniferous conodont Idioprioniodus

The skeletal architecture of conodonts of the order Prioniodinida Sweet, 1988, is poorly understood. Undisturbed or slightly disturbed natural assemblages are rare. A three-dimensional apparatus plan has been constructed using scale models of the elements of Idioprioniodus, based on late Mississippian and late Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) assemblages from Montana and Illinois, USA. The interpretation of the architecture is based on symmetry relationships between the various elements. A revised element notation scheme is proposed for the apparatus. □Conodonts, apparatus, palaeobiology, Prioniodinida, Idioprioniodus.

A simple notation scheme to describe time-averaged ostracod assemblages (Crustacea, Ostracoda) by their taxonomic composition

Abstract. A simple notation scheme is presented for the description of Quaternary freshwater ostracod assemblages by means of their taxonomic composition. The notation scheme also allows diagrammatic description of the fauna and assists in palaeoecological interpretation of sequential samples.

Notations, Conventions, and Constraints: Contributions to Effective Uses of Concrete Materials in Elementary Mathematics

Twenty fourth-grade children were matched according to performance on a whole-number calculation and concepts pretest and assigned at random to one of two groups: wooden base-ten blocks and computerized microworld. Instruction in each group was designed to orient students toward relationships between notation and meaning. Instruction given the two groups was based upon a single script that extended whole number numeration to decimal numeration, and emphasized solving problems in concrete settings while inventing notational schemes to represent steps in solutions. Neither group changed in regard to whole-number notational methods. Blocks children understood decimal numerals as if they were funny whole numbers; Microworld children attempted to give meaning to decimal notational methods, but were largely in a state of disequilibrium at the end of the study.

Jim Blinn's corner-uppers and downers

Notational schemes for vectors and matrices are addressed. Previous notation is reviewed and its deficiencies exposed. A new notation, borrowed from tensor analysis, is introduced. Using this notation, almost all of geometry is reduced to tensor multiplication. >

ChemInform Abstract: Yet Another Linear Notation Scheme for Organic Compounds. Part 1.

ChemInform Abstract: Yet Another Linear Notation Scheme for Organic Compounds. Part 1.

Robot deboning for beef forequarters

SUMMARYInitial development of a robotic meat cutting system based on force feedback control and continuous path planning is described. Forequarter beef cutting is attempted where each carcass processed will be compared to a database containing cut information for previously processed beef carcasses. Using the database information, cut start and end points can be defined along with initial path direction for each cut. A robot then drives a powered knife through the carcass utilising force feedback control to follow bone profiles, thus removing meat from the forequarter. An original cutting scheme suitable for robotic butchery of a beef forequarter is defined, along with a notation scheme for describing the cutting procedures.

Cognitive approach to systems engineering and re‐engineering: Integrating new designs with old systems

AbstractMost MIS expense goes into the maintenance of existing software. Estimates vary from 50% to 60% at the low end up to 90%, even 95%, depending on responsibilities and the type of software. Coming up with better ways to maintain (i.e. understand, modify and update) existing software is unquestionably the most important challenge facing the software industry today.Saddled with obsolete but essential software, a growing number of organizations are faced with a series of unpalatable choices. One option is to simply continue with the same old software, patching it where possible to meet the most pressing needs. This approach has a number of limitations not the least of which are lost opportunity and reduced competitiveness. Moreover, owing to unforeseen and increasing interactions, time per unit of change (especially structural change) tends to increase exponentially throughout the maintenance life cycle.Eventually, old systems must either undergo a major overhaul or be replaced with new ones. Properly done, and implemented, either approach can add a measure of efficiency previously impossible—and cost recovery can often be accomplished over a reasonable period of time. The initial costs involved in such renewal, on the other hand, are often prohibitive.Faced with this dilemma, what are decision makers to do? In this paper, I propose a new approach to system maintenance which can both dramatically improve systems and minimize renewal costs. In turn, I describe a typical maintenance scenario, and consider the use of CASE restructuring tools. Then I show how the human or cognitive factor impinges on the maintenance issue, and how this implies the need for abstraction. Next, we note limitations of standard “bubble chart” and other notational schemes and introduce the FLOWform representation as a means of overcoming these limitations.Finally, with this background, I describe the Cognitive Approach to Systems Engineering and Re‐Engineering (CogApp). In this context, I summarize capabilities of the PRODOC re/NuSys WorkbenchTM which has been used to implement the CogApp. I close with a short case history describing application of this approach, and the results obtained therefrom.

Determination of Parameters of Crystal Latticed Surfaces Composed of Hexagonal Plane Facets

This paper offers a generalized view about the networks of system “B”, which allows the construction of geodesic domes from hexagonal plane panels. The principle behind the method of subdivision, the general scheme of parameter notation, the table of classification of types of breakdown, and example computer drawings are given. It was found that up to the fourth variant of subdivision all plane faces were symmetrical, but that further subdivisions lead to the appearance of plane units of asymmetrical form. Examples are presented to illustrate the use of “B” type breakdowns in practical architectural projects.

The Revised International Phonetic Alphabet

In August 1989 the International Phonetic Association held a convention in Kiel, Germany, in order to revise the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The principal product of the meeting was the chart accompanying this note, together with the report published in the Association's Journal (International Phonetic Association 1989). The purpose of this note is not to argue for or against different aspects of the new chart. It was quite clear to everybody at the Kiel convention that this is not the best possible chart; but it was also clear that we could not agree on how it should be improved. My own opinions on its current failings and possible future revisions are appearing elsewhere (Ladefoged 1990). Here I simply wish to urge linguists to abandon idiosyncratic systems of phonetic representation, and to adopt the new international standard. There are three points concerning the IPA that should encourage linguists to regard it as suitable for their needs. The first is that the Association has made it evident that the chart has a linguistic basis, rather than being a general phonetic notation scheme. As the report notes: 'The IPA is intended to be a set of symbols for representing all the possible sounds of the world's languages.' It goes on to make it clear that by 'possible sounds' it means phonologically contrastive elements within a language, stating that 'the sounds that are represented are primarily those that distinguish one word from another.' The second point that is of interest to linguists is that the Association recognizes that the symbols can be taken to represent what linguists would call distinctive feature combinations. The new IPA chart does not actually use the term 'features'; it retains the names of the traditional phonetic categories for the row and column headings. But the linguistic basis for these phonetic categories is made evident by statements in the report (which will eventually become part of an official Handbook of the IPA) such as: 'The categories define a number of natural classes of sounds that operate in phonological rules and historical sound changes. The symbols of the IPA are shorthand ways of indicating certain intersections of these categories. Thus [p] is a shorthand way of designating the intersection of the categories voiceless, bilabial, and plosive; [m] is the intersection of the categories voiced, bilabial, and nasal; and so on.' Most linguists should find little difficulty in regarding what are here called categories as equivalent to what are elsewhere called features. Of course the Association nowhere suggests that these categories are either the sole or the best set of features for linguistic purposes. They simply make evident the linguistic underpinnings of the IPA chart. The final point to be noted here is that the chart is an attempt to provide a summary of agreed phonetic knowledge on a single page. Of course, the pho550

Yet another linear notation scheme for organic compounds. 1

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTYet another linear notation scheme for organic compounds. 1N. GhoshalCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1990, 30, 3, 308–311Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00067a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (445 KB) Get e-Alerts

Human-computer interface development: concepts and systems for its management

Human-computer interface management , from a computer science viewpoint, focuses on the process of developing quality human-computer interfaces, including their representation, design, implementation, execution, evaluation, and maintenance. This survey presents important concepts of interface management: dialogue independence, structural modeling, representation, interactive tools, rapid prototyping, development methodologies, and control structures. Dialogue independence is the keystone concept upon which all the other concepts depend. It is a characteristic that separates design of the interface from design of the computational component of an application system so that modifications in either tend not to cause changes in the other. The role of a dialogue developer, whose main purpose is to create quality interfaces, is a direct result of the dialogue independence concept. Structural models of the human-computer interface serve as frameworks for understanding the elements of interfaces and for guiding the dialogue developer in their construction. Representation of the human-computer interface is accomplished by a variety of notational schemes for describing the interface. Numerous kinds of interactive tools for human-computer interface development free the dialogue developer from much of the tedium of "coding" dialogue. The early ability to observe behavior of the interface—and indeed that of the whole application system—provided by rapid prototyping increases communication among system designers, implementers, evaluators, and end-users. Methodologies for interactive system development consider interface management to be an integral part of the overall development process and give emphasis to evaluation in the development life cycle. Finally, several types of control structures govern how sequencing among dialogue and computational components is designed and executed. Numerous systems for human-computer interface management are presented t o illustrate these concepts.

Software congestion, mobile servers, and the hyperbolic model

The phenomenon of software congestion is examined. The term refers to situations in which the performance bottleneck of a system is an element of software, rather than a hardware device. Software congestion can occur in any system which contains one or more elements of software whose services may be simultaneously desired by multiple clients, but which can service only one client at a time. It is shown that the use of models which ignore software congestion can produce results that are completely irrelevant to actual system behavior. Furthermore, software congestion is frequently invisible to conventional performance measurement tools. A notational scheme, called mobile servers representation, is introduced for describing those systems in which software congestion may be important. An approximate analytical model, called the hyperbolic model, is developed for analyzing systems with software congestion. >

Matrix methods for computing the values of a multivariable polynomial

Two matrix methods for computing the values of a multivariable polynomial are described. One of the methods is in fact a multidimensional generalization of Horner's scheme. A convenient notational scheme is proposed for multidimensional matrices and their transformations, and illustrated by examples.

Rotational constants of the lowest torsional component (0 G) of the ground state and lowest torsional component (1 G) of the first excited torsional state of hydrogen peroxide

New high-resolution spectra of hydrogen peroxide has been taken in the OH stretching region and in the overtone-combination region of the OOH bends. Ordinary combination differences in the (0 G) and (1 G) torsional states and directly obtained energy level differences between these torsional states have been supplemented with combination differences obtained from previously published microwave data and fitted to obtain the rotational constants of the two torsional states and the parameter characterizing the perturbation between them. A simplified notation scheme for the vibrational-torsional-rotational levels, the transitions used to obtain direct energy level differences between levels of the (0 G) and (1 G) torsional states, and the specific Hamiltonian used are described in the text. A table of rotational and interaction constants is given, and also tables of the actual (perturbed) rotational levels in the (0 G) and (1 G) torsional states.

Policy-Related Research: A Notational Scheme for the Expression of Quantitative Technical Information

A notational scheme has been designed to express inexactness, uncertainty and the boundary with ignorance in ‘policy-related research’.

Policy-Related Research: A Notational Scheme for the Expression of Quantitative Technical Information

Policy-Related Research: A Notational Scheme for the Expression of Quantitative Technical Information

Variations in the Method of the Division of the Hypoglossal Canal in Sienese Skulls of Known Age and Sex

In 300 Sienese skulls of known age and sex (146 male and 154 female) 6 modes of expression of bipartition of the hypoglossal canal were studied on the basis of a new scheme of notation that takes into account gradually increasing intensity. The analysis of data, including also the traditional method of notation confirms the criticisms expressed by various authors on the loss of information when the variability of this trait is neglected, especially with reference to age-dependent changes (hyperostotic effects).

Large shearing oscillations of incompressible nonlinearly elastic bodies

In this paper we give a detailed global analysis of a class of shearing oscillations that can be sustained by certain isotropic, incompressible, nonlinearly elastic bodies. In Sections 2 and 3 we formulate the governing equations, which form fourth-order quasilinear systems of hyperbolic equations. The isotropy of the material endows these equations with a special mathematical structure crucial to our analysis. In Section 4 we show that our boundary value problems admit standing wave solutions. We determine the detailed qualitative properties of such solutions by using global bifurcation theory and Sturmian theory. In particular, we show how the relationship between frequency ~ and amplitude is critically influenced by the material response. In Section 5 we briefly discuss the great simplifications that attend the use of the Mooney-Rivlin material. Our scheme of notation is based on that of [15]. Partial and ordinary derivatives are denoted by subscripts. In Sections 2 and 3 we tacitly assume that all the derivatives of functions appearing in the differential equations are continuous. This policy is justified in Section 4.