Notarial Documentation Research Articles

Notarial Documents in Electronic Format as a Means of Proof in the Field of Marital and Family Relations

Introduction: in a contemporary context, a notary is not conceivable without electronic documents; notary practice is immersed in electronic document management. Notarized evidence in electronic form is a multifaceted and widely used means of proof. The proof provided by a notary in electronic format can be fully used by participants in marriage and family relations, wherein, in addition to the legal aspect, there are many moral and ethical situations. The norms of the current legislation of the Russian Federation enshrine a mention of the procedure for providing electronic proof by a notary, but there is no detailed regulation of it. This type of proof is grouped separately in normative legal acts and is only mentioned in the explanations of the higher courts. The doctrine has not developed a unified approach to the provision of electronic proof by a notary. In notarial practice, there are cases of refusal on the part of notaries to inspect information in electronic form. Considering the above, the author formulated the purpose of the study: the identification, analysis, and formulation of signs of notarial documents in electronic format, allowing them to be recognized as a means of proof in the field of marital and family relations. The purpose setting led to the solution of the following tasks: the consideration of the legal possibilities of notaries to create electronic proof in a broad and narrow sense; the analysis of the norms of existing legal acts, the explanations of judicial practice and the work of civil lawyers dedicated to providing electronic proof by a notary; the identification and establishment of the fundamental signs of electronic proof provided by a notary as a means of judicial protection; the definition of the concept and types of electronic proof provided by a notary, their classification; the consideration of examples of the use of electronic proof provided by a notary in the field of marital and family relations and the identification of technical and legal advantages of such use. Methods of the research of phenomena and processes: dialectical, formal legal (dogmatic), the method of comparative jurisprudence, and concrete social and comparative law methods. The research is based on the method of analyzing current Russian legislation and law enforcement practice. Results: the substantiation of the technical and legal advantages of using notarial documents in electronic format as a means of proof in the field of marital and family relations. The present study is based on: 1) determining the legal nature of proof and its essential characteristics; 2) the projection of these characteristics onto evidentiary information in electronic form; 3) the identification of legal and software-technical signs of electronic proof and the establishment of types of electronic proof; 4) the particularization of using electronic proof; 5) the justification of using a notarial document in electronic format as a means of proof; 6) the analysis of the procedure for providing electronic proof by a notary and the identification of the legal features of such a procedure; 7) the classification of electronic proof that can be provided by a notary; 8) the illustration of the advantages of using proof provided by a notary in electronic form through the example of marital and family relations. Conclusions: as a result of the research done: 1) the absence of legal norms regulating the activities of notaries to provide electronic proof is established; 2) the legal and practical need to group electronic proof provided by a notary into a separate type is identified, as well as the establishment of signs that allow identifying this proof; 3) a number of advantages associated with the use of electronic (digital) proof provided by a notary are identified, including their prejudicial value as well as their lack of validity; 4) the definitions of electronic proof and electronic proof provided by a notary are disclosed, and the classifications are proposed; 5) examples of the use of electronic proof in the fields of marriage and family relations are shown.

The widow and the notary: death, gender, and legal culture in the Jewish and Christian communities of medieval Catalonia

ABSTRACT When men died in medieval Catalonia, their widows went to the notaries. This article traces the ways in which Jewish and Christian women negotiated legal culture in response to their husbands’ deaths in Catalan cities between 1250 and 1350. Death required deeply practical responses as well as emotional ones: the administration of the estate of the deceased was often a pressing concern. Both Jewish and Christian women relied on a variety of legal institutions to safeguard their own and (in some cases) their children’s financial futures as they entered widowhood. Through a combination of Latin notarial documentation and Hebrew responsa literature, this article compares Jewish and Christian women’s legal responses to the deaths of their husbands. Jews navigated Christian legal institutions and sometimes adapted Christian customs. Yet they also maintained distinct practices, and Jewish widows and their families maneuvered between Christian notaries and Jewish rabbinic authorities as they shaped their individual legal responses to the life-changing deaths of their husbands.

Bibliotecas, libros y lectores en Tenerife (1500-1735)

An approximation to the world of books and reading in Tenerife until the first decades of the 18th century is intended, analyzing the small, medium and large bookstores according to estates and social groups through notarial documentation, especially through post-inventories. mortem, wills and transfers

The Characteristics of Indonesian Legal Language in Notarial Documents

This study is aimed at finding out the characteristics of Indonesian Legal Language in notarial documents. This study is theoretically based on Cao's theory (2007) in her book entitled “Translating Law”, and supported by Djatmika in his book entitled “Prilaku Bahasa Indonesia, dalam Teks Kontrak”. The data of this study were collected from 6 ( six) legal documents in the form of lease agreement, sale agreement, prenuptial agreement, deed of company establishment, employment agreement and conciliation agreement. From the results and analysis, two (2) characteristics were found in the ILL of notarial documents: (1) general characteristics (boilerplate) and (2) specific characteristics. There are fifteen (15) specific characteristics of ILL found in the notarial documents in this research. The fifteen characteristics consist of eight (8) lexical characteristics and seven (7) syntactical characteristics. The lexical characteristics found in the notarials documents are (a) the use of legal terminologies, (b) the use of repetitive words (tautology), (c) the use of words dan/atau “and/or”, (d) the use of synonymous words, (e) the use of foreign terms, (f) the use of sebagaimana word, (g) the use of the word mana as demontrastrative adjective, and (h)the use of formal address; while the syntactical characteristics consist of (a) the use of long and complex sentences, (b) the use bahwa clause, (c) the use of passive sentences, (d) object fronting, (e) declarative sentence beginning with verb, (f) the use of reference system and (g) pre-supposation.

The Oldest Notarial Documents of Vicenza District from the Collection of N.P. Likhachev, 1380S – 1465S, with the Regestae of the Documents

The collection of the Western European manuscripts gathered by N.P. Likhachev (1862–1936) and currently stored in the Scientific and Historical archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences contains, among other documents, the vast majority of this array comes from Italy (about five thousand documents), of which about a third are original notarial deeds. There are over ten thousand storage units related to the history of Italy in the collection of the West-European section of the archive of St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The collection is divided into fonds, and the focus of this research will be on the sixth collection that was named «Venice and its possessions», where you can find notarial deeds analyzed by a team of scholars within the framework of our project. The manuscripts studied by our team provide information about economic and social aspects of life in the rural communes of the Val d’Astico located in the Northern Vicentino. Here we describe the geographical and historical peculiarities of the region in order to place the documents in the particular context and to proceed with its better understanding. All of these documents are instrumenta rather than imbreviaturae, and at least when it comes to the deeds drawn by Pietro di Zennaro we can treat this set as a certain unity. Within this study, one of our main objectives of the team work was preparation of these documents for critical publication. The source material studied here still has to be contextualized and researched in more profound manner; however, we can clearly see now that the investigation of the deeds stored in the Western European section of the Scientific and Historical archive of the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences is more than promising.

Redes de relación e integración social de los oficiales de la Armada en Ferrol, 1740-1870

Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar las relaciones sociales de los oficiales de la Armada que vivieron en Ferrol entre 1740 y 1870. Se pretende estudiar cuáles eran los principales los vínculos sociales y las dependencias de estos individuos en la mencionada ciudad gallega, la cual fue fuertemente revitalizada a partir de la primera mitad del siglo XVIII como sede de uno de los Departamentos Marítimos de la Armada –junto a Cádiz y Cartagena? y por la construcción de un arsenal militar y un astillero. El interés del trabajo reside en que la oficialidad naval fue uno de los grupos más relevantes y destacados de la sociedad ferrolana durante décadas debido, en gran medida, a la importancia que la institución naval mantuvo en la urbe. Las fuentes consultadas se conforman por una amplia muestra de documentación notarial del Archivo Naval de Ferrol y el Archivo del Colegio de Notarios de Galicia.
 
 [gl] Este traballo ten por obxecto analizar as relacións sociais dos oficiais da Armada que viviron en Ferrol entre 1740 e 1870. Preténdese estudar cales eran os principais vínculos e as dependencias destes individuos na mencionada cidade galega, a cal foi fortemente revitalizada a partir da primeira metade do século XVIII como sede dun dos Departamentos Marítimos da Armada –xunto a Cádiz e Cartaxena? e pola construción dun arsenal militar e un estaleiro. O interese do traballo reside en que a oficialidade naval foi un dos grupos máis relevantes e destacados da sociedade ferrolá durante décadas debido, en gran medida, á importancia que a institución naval mantivo na urbe. As fontes consultadas confórmanse por unha ampla mostra de documentación notarial do Arquivo Naval de Ferrol e o Arquivo do Colexio de Notarios de Galicia.

Manuel Samaniego after the trial for adultery: the recovery of his activity on the Real Audiencia de Quito (1798-1811)

In the last years of the 18th century, the Quito painter Manuel Samaniego experienced a turbulent episode, being involved in a case of adultery that his wife had promoted, and which meant his entry into prison. But the master did not see his career truncated after this event, but he was able to overcome and continue with great success. In this paper we approach the situation that Samaniego experienced in the years after his imprisonment for adultery. Through notarial documentation and references from contemporary authors such as Humboldt, Caldas and Stevenson, we study the back to normal of the artist’s work and family life, and his consideration as the most recognized and valuable artist in Quito at the time.

The expression of space inferiority relations in the origins of written Castilian Spanish

The present paper analyses the expression of non-abstract locative relations of inferiority based on the Burgos private notarial documentation from the Historical Corpus of Northern Castilian Spanish, with the aim of studying in depth the morphosyntax of the origins of the Castilian Spanish written in the primitive Castile between 10th and 13th centuries. The results of the study of Latin (sub, subtus, subter), hybrid (in fondon de) and romance constructions (so, sos, in fondon de) lead us to conclude that (i) the use of so is weakened with regard to the expression of the location of literal inferiority to give way to a proximity value ‘near, next to’, which is also acquired by sobre; (ii) the existence of a competition of so with fondon and (iii) the absence of relational constructions with deyuso.

Aproximación a la inserción social de la oficialidad naval en el espacio gaditano, 1725-1900

The present work tries to offer an approach to Spanish naval officers’ social insertion through the study of the social relations with other social and professional groups; i.e., the article seeks to place the naval officers in the Spanish social structure of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries by means of the most immediate circles of sociability that these individuals had. The Cádiz area ―the cities of Cadiz and Isla de León / San Fernando essentially― have been chosen because it was the place where the Spanish Navy had its main base and, therefore, where there was a greater concentration of naval officers. By using the network analysis, it was analyzed an extensive amount of notarial documentation of the Provincial Historical Archive of Cádiz that allowed to deal with the process of social transformation of this group, which emerged in the 18th century as part of the new Bourbon elites and eventually became an outstanding stratum of the middle classes of the 19th century.

Companhias de Azulejadores e de Pintores de Azulejos activas em Lisboa entre 1757 e 1773: novos contributos para o estudo da produção de azulejos no Período Pombalino

A segunda metade do século XVIII é uma época em que a actividade dos azulejadores e pintores de azulejos em Lisboa está ainda pouco documentada e, por isso, também ainda insuficientemente estudada.
 Nesse período da chamada reconstrução pombalina, posterior ao terramoto de 1755, assistimos ao progres­sivo esforço de reconstrução e reorganização do tecido económico e social da cidade. Para enfrentar os novos desafios com que então eram confrontados, os mestres ladrilhadores organizaram-se em sociedades com o objectivo de garantir o capital necessário para a realização das obras do seu oficio, enquanto os pinto­res de azulejo criaram uma sociedade para assegurar uma remuneração justa para o trabalho de pintura.
 A documentação notarial dessas sociedades, agora revelada, permite não só compreender o seu modo de trabalho, como identificar melhor alguns dos principais mestres azulejadores e pintores de azulejos activos em Lisboa no terceiro quartel do século XVIII.

De cómo ir de lo cualitativo e individual a lo serial y estructural en los libros de protocolos notariales

Este texto explica cómo, desde la perspectiva de la historia y a partir de la estructura y la función propias de la documentación notarial, se fueron articulando diferentes conceptos y enfoques de análisis con el fin de convertir la información de una fuente eminentemente cualitativa, en datos seriales y cuantitativos, lo cual llevó a la construcción de un modelo relacional que además permite caracterizar y hacer explícitos diferentes tipos de relaciones sociales. El desarrollo de este modelo está sustentado en el estudio de una extensa colección de protocolos notariales, producidos en la ciudad de México en el siglo XVI, y forma parte de una investigación en curso que pretende demostrar que el estudio sistemático de las escrituras contenidas en los libros de protocolos de un escribano o notario, dada su forma, la índole de su contenido jurídico y su relación con una amplia gama de actividades sociales, nos ofrece una perspectiva excepcional para establecer un perfil de la estructura social dentro de la que se producen.

Ascenso y declive de la élite rural de La Puebla de Guadalupe (Cáceres) durante los siglos XIV y XV

This work aims to a review of the role of rural elites and a critique of the use of rigid social categories. Once established the general traits that define this elite, we pass to study in a particular rural community. Comparison of judicial and notarial documentation preserved in the archive of the monastery of Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe allows to analyze the evolution experienced by this group, during the 14 th and 15 th Centuries, in the network of links between the neighbours and the Lords of Puebla. The long experience in public affairs led him to become aware of their capacity to intervene and try to reassert its autonomy. This process, on road to consolidation at the end of the 14 th , was truncated with the foundation of the monastery. Jeronimos apply a political and economic program that liquidated the capacity of the local elite to agglutinate to the rural community.

Análisis de un colectivo socio-profesional minusvalorado: los oficiales de pluma en la España meridional según el Catastro de Ensenada

This paper tries to show the reality of one of the trades more important for historians, the officials of the notaries. The work of these officials has allowed us to have great historical sources; we refer to the notarial documentation and documenta-tion of the City Council. They were the executive arm of the pub-lic notaries. Nevertheless, the approach to this figure seems diffi-cult, since we do not find lavish allusions of them or any of their obligations in the documentation preserved. However, we have one of the most important historical sources by middle of Eight-eenth century; this is known as the Cadastre of Ensenada. We have been able to approach this type of job through analysis and study of the Cadastre, so we know who were those men who did this huge undertaking and what was his salary for performing their tasks. In addition, we proceeded to the consultation of doc-umentation kept in local files to have a more accurate understand-ing of the real situation of those officials.

Herramientas, útiles del trabajo y capitulaciones matrimoniales en la Castilla rural (La Mancha, ss. XVI-XVII)

El estudio de la cultura material del mundo rural castellano durante la Edad Moderna ha experimentado un notable avance de la mano del análisis de la documentación notarial. La presente contribución analiza la estructura de las haciendas campesinas en el momento en el que se forma un nuevo núcleo familiar y profundiza en el papel que desempeñaron las herramientas y útiles relacionados con el mundo del trabajo. El objetivo es observar si, a través de los contratos nupciales, los contrayentes y sus familias proyectaron en el nuevo hogar un deseo de encuadrarse profesionalmente y de continuar la tradición heredada de los progenitores.

Language Politics and Indigenous Language Documents: Evidence in Colonial K'ichee’ Litigation in Seventeenth-Century Highland Guatemala

Prevalent scholarly studies of indigenous language documents from Mesoamerica's colonial times include the predominant argument that they were written by native scribes to protect community interests. The belief is that scribes performed as notaries in municipal councils to generate native language notarial documents as indemnity against possible infractions of their communities’ rights to possess property. Notarial documentation was usually extrajudicial, created by the municipal scribe for community protection and not for any specific litigation before a Spanish magistrate. Their writings represented internal municipal administration and the jurisdiction of the nativecabildo(town council) within each republic of Indians. They could be utilized, if necessary, to bolster indigenous claims to their rights and privileges in litigation brought before Spanish officials.

Grandparents in Urban and Rural Lower Languedoc at the End of the Middle Ages

This article analyzes the role and place of grandparents in their kinship groups in Lower Languedoc at the end of the Middle Ages. Based on the notarial documentation (wills, marriage, and donation contracts), the research demonstrates that, although rare in the archives, grandparents were objects of concern—especially if women—but could also take an active part in the administration of estates and families, particularly after the death of their own children. Some authoritative figures stand out from the documentation, whose stories shed light on the daily life of the medieval Languedocian families at times of personal difficulties.

The epidemic of 1488 in Cordoba

This paper tries to analyze the epidemic that Cordoba suffered during 1488. The use of notarial documentation conserved in the city's Archivo Historico Provincial has allowed us to know the nature and the possible ways for disease's contagious, the development of this epidemic phenomenon and the measures for avoiding the epidemic that Cordoba's people adopted.

Strategie istituzionali e mediazioni notarili nella documentazione dei comuni subalpini. Percorsi di ricerca

Within the context of the studies about the processes that in Northern-central Italy led to the formation of a “communal documentary system” during 12-14th century, this paper suggests an alternative search path directed to an examination of some of the greatest documentary evidences and of their mutual relations. It particularly focuses on the formation of the libri iurium and on the changes brought by the communal institutions in the traditional patterns of notarial documentation. Through the analysis of a document relating to an agreement between Asti and Chieri, two Piedmont communal towns, we'll give a concrete example of this study approach, showing a complex set of problems that can be conceptually distinguished but that appear strictly connected in the thick contexture of the written document.

Los judíos mallorquines en el comercio y en las redes de intercambio valencianas y mediterráneas del medievo

La comunidad judía de Mallorca tuvo un protagonismo comercial muy destacado en el Mediterráneo Occidental, sobre todo en la ruta económica con el Norte de África durante el siglo XIV. En este trabajo, a través de la rica documentación notarial mallorquina y una revisión historiográfica, se examina la formación y desarrollo de estas redes de intercambio a partir de las estrategias mercantiles de los operadores hebreos.

The Presence of Valencian and Aragonese in the Notarial Documentation from Cagliari of the 15th Century

The aim of this article is to study the commercial activity between the Crown of Aragon and Sardinia (Cagliari), and the geographical mobility that it was generated in the transition from Medieval to Modern Age, that serves to value the traffic currents and the balance of traced bonds. For it we present the first suggestive results of one taste which it has been carried about notary documentation of Cagliary in the 15th century in relation to the presence of Valencian and Aragonese there seated, for the sake of understanding the comparative difference of focus with regard to the derivative analysis of these historical sources of Sardinia and those other ones Iberian, that have already been explored in previous investigations.