Nosological Groups Research Articles

Comparative analysis of the clinical and social characteristics of persons with organic mental disorders suffering from mental retardation who have repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts

BACKGROUND: The study of various characteristics of mentally ill persons suffering from mental disorders that influence the possibility of committing a repeated socially dangerous act. This has been one of the most urgent tasks of forensic psychiatry in recent years. The identification of such factors will significantly improve the secondary prevention of crime among the mentally ill. AIM: The purpose of the study — a comparative analysis of clinical and social characteristics in patients with mental retardation and organic psychological disorders (hereinafter referred to as DIS) who have repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts (hereafter referred to as DIS) and the identification of factors specific to patients with mental retardation that contribute to the commission of repeated DIS. Design: comparative study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The comparative study included 65 patients diagnosed with mild and moderate mental retardation (who made up the main group A) and 45 patients with organic mental disorders (who made up the comparative group B) had repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts (OOD), who had been recognised as insane and who had undergone two or more periods of court-ordered compulsory medical treatment (hereafter referred to as MMMT) of various types. The study was carried out both in the form of a personal questionnaire and through a retrospective study of the patients' medical records. Correlation and comparative analysis were the main research methods used in the thesis. RESULTS: A number of clinical and social characteristics such as: hereditary burden of exogenous diseases (r +0.58, pi 0.05); single lifestyle (r +0.33, pi 0.05); urban place of residence (r +0.21, pi 0.05) increase the risk of repeated OOD, and are specific predictors for patients with mental retardation. A number of characteristics had a negative impact on the possibility of repeated OOD and negative correlations: the absence of any hereditary burden (r –0.44, pi 0.05), the presence of severe endogenous heredity (r –0.35, pi 0.05), living in rural areas (r –0.21, pi 0.05), concomitant alcohol dependence (r –0.29, pi 0.05). CONCLUSION: The data obtained will form the basis for the development of practical recommendations for secondary forensic psychiatric prevention, specifically for this nosological group, as well as methods for predicting and preventing recurrent DIS.

Statokinetic stability in athletes of different nosological groups

Relevance: Researchers have shown that the characteristics of postural control in open-eyed children with visual impairment were higher than in sighted children, and these data are also associated with physical activity in their free time and the age at which they started playing sports. It is possible that people with visual or hearing impairments are more effective at maintaining balance, which may explain why they achieve similar or better results in posture control tasks compared to their normally developed peers.The aim of the study is to study the features of the statokinetic stability of athletes of three nosological groups: with hearing impairment, with visual impairment and with intellectual disabilities.Methods and organization of research. The method of stabilometry was used: the ST-150 stability platform and the STPL program. The area of the statokinesiogram (S, mm2); the average velocity of displacement of the pressure center (V, mm/s) and the energy consumption coefficient (Ke, conl. units) were studied.The results of the study and their discussion. When analyzing intra-group changes in athletes with hearing impairment, a significant deterioration in the function of static equilibrium was found in the test with closed eyes, which is typical for athletes with intellectual disabilities, but the results in the test with open eyes in these athletes are significantly better than in athletes with hearing impairment. Athletes with hearing impairment and athletes with intellectual disabilities have a pronounced forward asymmetry. In the sagittal plane, athletes with visual impairment have a pronounced asymmetry to the left. Normally balanced control revailed among athletes with hearing impairment. Normally balanced and proprioceptive control was revealed in athletes with visual impairment. Visual control prevailed among athletes with intellectual disabilities. The best statistical stability was revealed in athletes with intellectual disabilities, compared with athletes of the studied nosologies.Conclusions. Thus, the features of the statokinetic stability of athletes with hearing impairment, visual impairment and intellectual disabilities were revealed.

Nail Disease in a Nail Consultation at a Tertiary Referral Center: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of nail diseases and its population in nail consultation. Methods: A retrospective study of clinical records between 2012 and 2022 was conducted. The 1,372 established diagnoses were categorized into nosological groups, which included physical signs, infectious diseases, dermatological diseases, systemic diseases, drug reactions, occupational disorders, congenital diseases, traumatic disorders, and tumors. Results: Overall, 1,239 records were enrolled, with 64% (n = 788) involving female patients. The median age was 50 years. In 71.5% of cases (n = 886), it was possible to establish an etiological diagnosis or a causative relationship based on physical findings, while 28% of patients (n = 347) presented nonspecific physical signs. Conclusion: Onychomycosis was the most prevalent diagnosis and revealed a descending trend over the 10-year period study.

Analysis of actual results of drug supply implementation within framework of High-Cost Nosologies Program

The accessibility and pharmaceutical care coverage are linked to political, economic and managerial decisions. That fact necessitates the evaluation of the state programs results in the field of the drug provision.The aim of the work was to assess the quantitative results of the implementation of the High-Cost Nosologies program in the Russian Federation from 2008 to 2023 to determine further vectors of its improvement.Materials and methods. The regulatory base of the work was made up of the Russian Federation legislation in the field of the drug provision. The open sources were used as the research information base for the data collection and analysis: reports of federal and regional executive authorities, materials of specialized conferences, results of published studies.Results. The drug coverage under the High-Cost Nosologies (VZN) program is provided for 14 nosologies, 11 of which are classified as orphan diseases. Since its implementation, the HCNs program has been expanded twice by including new nosologies in 2019 and 2020. As of 01 October 2023, the number of patients in the Federal Register of VZN was 263 721 people, which was 13.58 times greater compared to 2008. The drug provision is carried out according to the list of 47 INNs. The amount of funding for the program increased from RUB 32 bn in 2008 to RUB 87.96 bn in 2023. The most resource-intensive nosologies include hemophilia, multiple sclerosis and oncohematology.Conclusion. The main quantitative characteristics of the implementation of the HCNs program and the identified vectors for its further improvement have been analyzed in this study. The results obtained can be used to conduct analytical studies, including the ones within nosologies and nosological groups included in the program, in order to optimize a pharmaceutical care. The focus of improving the implementation of the VZN program is related to the improvement of the legal framework, a patient treatment paradigm and approaches to its financing.

Assessment of Suicide Risk in Patients with Depressive Episodes Due to Affective Disorders and Borderline Personality Disorder: A Pilot Comparative Study.

This study assessed suicidal risk in patients suffering from non-psychotic depressive disorders within various clinical and nosological forms (F31-F34 mood disorders and F60.31-emotionally unstable personality disorder). Clinical and psychological features were presented, as well as predictors of suicidal risk in patients of these groups. We performed a comparative analysis of the anxiety and depression level, the level of mental pain, fear of death and the severity of anti-suicidal motives in patients with affective disorders and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Based on the results, 100% of patients in these clinical nosological groups were found to have a high level of suicidal risk. Patients with affective disorders have weak anti-suicidal motives and are not fully aware of the consequences of their own death. Patients with BPD have a higher suicidal risk than patients with affective disorders; they are characterized by less pronounced social orientation, demonstrativeness, self-centeredness, less pronounced levels of anxiety and fear of death.

Consolidation and Reconsolidation of Auditory-Verbal Memory in Parkinson’s Disease

The paper describes the processes of consolidation and reconsolidation of auditory-verbal memory in patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (G20, ICD-10) in comparison with cerebrovascular pathologies of a chronic and acute nature. The research objective was to identify the specifics of consolidation and reconsolidation of auditory-verbal memory in patients of this nosological group. The methods involved an experiment in F. Bartlett’s schema reconstruction, as well as methods of descriptive and comparative statistics. The experiment involved 104 people (67.5 ± 4.5, 21% male), including 30 patients with Parkinson’s disease (G20) (67.8 ± 4.8, 24% male), 34 patients diagnosed with sequelae of cerebral infarction (I69.3) (67.4 ± 4.4, 20% male), and 40 patients with other specified lesions of cerebral vessels on a model of chronic cerebral ischemia (CICI) (I67.8 67.6 ± 4.4, 24% male). All codes were indicated in accordance with ICD-10. The research revealed reliably significant features of consolidation and reconsolidation of auditoryverbal memory in Parkinson’s disease. The greatest number of differences belonged to the comparative analysis with the patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. This nosology was characterized by a greater number of distortion errors but few additions and sequence violations. In Parkinson’s disease, information underwent transformations already at the storing stage, which led to impairment of short-term and long-term memory. Distortion errors were more numerous than consistency errors, which casts doubt on the kinetic factor as the key one.

A nosological approach to brief psychotic disorders and acute and transient psychoses

IntroductionAcute and transient psychoses (International Classification of Diseases) and Brief Psychotic Disorders (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) constitute heterogeneous nosological groups, which have undergone successive reformulations in the past decades, remaining doubts regarding their diagnostic validity and independence.ObjectivesThis work aims to review the nosological evolution of these complex and neglected groups.MethodsA review of the literature was conducted using PubMed and The Cochrane Library. The following terms were used: “acute and transient psychoses”; “brief psychotic disorders”; “cycloid psychosis”; “reactive psychosis”.ResultsSince the early 20th century, a group of non-affective psychoses with acute onset and brief duration have been described in different countries and under various names, such as bouffeé delirante, reactive psychosis or cycloid psychosis, denominations still present in ICD-9. In presente-day classifications, as ICD-10 and DSM-IV, an effort was made to homogenise the various regional and national concepts creating the group of ‘Brief Psychoses’ (DSM) or ‘Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorders’ (ICD). The marked heterogeneity and low diagnostic stability of these groups, mainly based on temporal criteria, has posed significant obstacles to further research and conceptualization. Given these difficulties, the latest revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) brought about a substantial change, restricting this diagnosis to polymorphic psychotic conditions of acute onset and rapid resolution, subgroup with greater diagnostic stability and characteristics distinct clinical features.ConclusionsThe relevance of a better clarification for this nosological group is evident in the successive changes over the last century. ICD 11, once again, substantially changed the diagnostic criteria and the scope of this nosological entity, leaving doubts about the independent nature of this group, its connection to schizophrenia, as an attenuated form (more common in women and in developing countries), or even as a form of psychosis that is closer to affective disorders (due to its clinical evolution). Although little explored, this issue remains a source of doubt and interest, calling into question the Kraepelinian dichotomy for the so-called endogenous psychoses.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Specifics of anticipatory competence of adolescents with speech pathology

IntroductionAdolescents with speech pathology experience disturbances in sound pronunciation, phonemic processes, poor vocabulary, insufficiently formed grammatical structure, and disturbances in coherent speech. The specifics of the emotional-volitional sphere of adolescents in this group are anxiety, isolation and negativism prevent the establishment of full social contacts with peers and adults and complicate the formation of their anticipatory competence.ObjectivesStudying the specifics of the anticipatory competence of adolescents with speech pathology.Methods The study involved 56 adolescent children aged 11-15, attending an educational institution for children with disabilities, diagnosed with general speech impairment level 2. The study was carried out using the following methods: “Achenbach Questionnaire”, “Test of Anticipatory Consistency” by V.D. Mendelevich, “Anticipation of the outcome of a situation with a violation of the norm” by V.P. Ulyanova and the author’s methodology “Studying the anticipatory competence of adolescents” by Akhmetzyanova A.I., Artemyeva T.V.Results It was revealed that adolescents with speech pathology experience difficulties in mastering the material, it is difficult for them to concentrate their attention on the task and bring the work they have started to the end. Adolescents of this nosological group face difficulties in predicting the outcome of situations and the consequences of their own behavior in a situation of social interaction, find it difficult to control time in the process of doing homework and organizing leisure time, make a forecast of various situations that may arise at school and family, make new acquaintances, and communicate freely with parents, teachers and peers.Conclusions The level of speech development influences the formation of personal-situational, speech-communicative anticipatory competence of adolescents, and the ability to predict speech situations. Teenagers with speech pathology need help from adults This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The structure of clinical and psychopathological consequences of coronavirus disease COVID-19 in people with a history of mental disorders

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health indicates the need to define psychopathological manifestations to highlight diagnostic criteria. The purpose of the study is to determine the structural features of clinical and psychopathological manifestations of mental disorders after the coronavirus disease COVID-19 in people with a history of mental disorders. In the Department of Border Psychiatry of the State Institution “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine", 95 patients with a history of mental disorders who had suffered the coronavirus disease COVID-19 were examined. The group examined included patients with recurrent depressive disorders (F32), with mental disorders of organic origin (F06.3, F06.4) and with neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (F41.1, F42.3), F48.0). It was determined that the clinical manifestations of mental disorders in the examined patients are characterized by a predominance of affective symptoms in combination with pronounced specific cognitive, ideational, and somato-vegetative disorders, as well as disorders of the effector-volitional sphere. The results of a psychodiagnostics study (on the MADRS, HARS, GAD-7 and CGI-S scales) showed that the structure of clinical manifestations in these patients was characterized by a predominance of affective disorders of the anxiety-depressive spectrum of varying severity, which had certain differences among nosological groups. Determining the clinical and psychopathological features of the structure of mental disorders after suffering from COVID-19 is important not only for their diagnosis, but also for early and adequate therapy, taking into account the identified features that can act as targets for therapeutic intervention. Key words: clinical-psychopathological consequences, mental disorders, coronavirus disease COVID-19

ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ФИЗКУЛЬТУРНО-СПОРТИВНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ С НАРУШЕНИЕМ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА

The relevance of the article is due to the need of creating conditions for attendance and correction of motor disorders in students with health problems of different nosological groups. In many ways, this is also the issue for children with intellectual disabilities, whose number has increased considerably in recent years. The purpose of the study is to identify physical education and sports activities for children with intellectual disabilities that ensure correction of motor disorders. The author describes the case of the Research and Practice Center for Adaptive Sports and Physical Rehabilitation created at Orenburg State Pedagogical University for students with intellectual disabilities. The author also proposes physical education and sports activities for organizations providing support to students with intellectual disabilities and correction of their motor disorders for stimulating physical development and socialization of such students. The article is intended for professionals in recreational and adapted physical education who arrange physical education and sports activities for students with intellectual disabilities.

ЭКСПЕРТИЗА КАЧЕСТВА ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ПРИНЯТИЯ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИХ РЕШЕНИЙ

Significance. Objective data, including results of quality assessment and expertise carried out by health insurance organizations as part of monitoring over volumes, service periods, quality and conditions of medical care delivery within the compulsory health insurance system are needed to make management decisions on organizing appropriate quality care delivery at the regional and institutional levels. The subject of study: quality of medical care provided to patients with cancer. The purpose of the study: to evaluate results of medical and economic expertise and quality assessment of cancer care, carried out by health insurance organizations in the Arkhangelsk region in 2018 –first half of 2023 (25,012 expert opinions). Material and methods. The study used depersonalized results of medical-economic expertise and quality assessment of medical care (25,012 expert opinions). Methods: retrospective analysis, statistical (calculation of extensive and intensive coefficients and their comparison), analytical method. Results. In general, the frequency of cancer care defects during the period under study equaled to 29.1 per 100 assessed cases. The leading group of defects included a failure, untimely or improper implementation of diagnostic and (or) treatment activities necessary for the patient (49.3%). The study has identified significant differences in the frequency and structure of the identified defects of medical care under different conditions of its provision, in medical organizations of different levels and in different nosological groups. Conclusion. The study shows a decline in the total number of defects in cancer care delivery with the same frequency of medical-economic expertise and quality assessment in the Arkhangelsk region in 2018 - first half of 2023. To identify causes of the leading groups of defects in the provision of medical care according to code 3.2. (failure, untimely or improper implementation of diagnostic and (or) treatment activities necessary for the patient), it is necessary to conduct a sociological survey (questionnaire) of doctors involved in cancer care delivery. Scope of application: management decision-making aimed to improving access to and quality of cancer care at the regional and institutional levels.

Практика включения обучающихся с ограниченными возможностями здоровья разных нозологических групп и детейинвалидов в совместную деятельность с нормотипичными сверстниками

The article describes the experience of solving the problem of organizing real educational inclusion in the system of specially created conditions for disabled students from different nosological groups in terms of the characteristics of their personal development, individual abilities and educational needs in the institution of additional education. There is a description of the practical application of an adaptation algorithm of teaching methods by additional education teachers for organizing real learning inclusion, namely: the involvement of students with development features in different kinds of creative, sport, playing and other joint activities with normatively developing students. The article presents the process of inclusive additional education on various educational routes in the municipal autonomous institution of additional education "Center of Creative Education "Prestige" in Krasnoyarsk.

JUSTIFICATION OF NITROXOLINE APPLICATION IN CONDITIONS OF GROWTH OF RESISTANCE OF UROPATHOGENES TO NEW GENERATIONS OF ANTIMICROBATES

Nitroxoline is a synthetic uroantiseptic, effective against a wide range of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and fungi. For a long time it has been used for the treatment and prevention of acute, chronic and recurrent urinary tract infections, because to this day retains high activity against bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. With increasing resistance of uropathogens to new antimicrobial drugs, Nitroxoline may be an alternative drug for the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The results of scientific research on the importance of Nitroxoline as a first-line drug in the treatment of this nosological group of diseases are contradictory. This motivates the study and analysis of the professional literature in the direction of clinical efficacy and determining the place of Nitroxoline among other uroseptics in the treatment of urinary tract infections in today's conditions.

Application of the MMPI-2 inventory in the differential diagnosis of psychotic disorders – based on profile analysis of a patient diagnosed with persistent delusional disorder and personality disorder

Aim: Paranoid states or traits can be present in various mental disorders; hence, their clarification is valuable for establishing a reliable nosological diagnosis. Clinical practice and literature on the subject highlight a range of defence mechanisms specific to the discussed nosological group. These mechanisms can impede the process of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic diagnosis and treatment. In contemporary evidence-based medical practice, the prevalent clinical approach is based on qualitative methods (e.g. free interviews and observations) complemented by standardised diagnostic tools. This approach assists the clinician in supplementing, organising, and objectifying clinical data related to the patient’s mental state. It is particularly beneficial for handling data that may be uncertain or unavailable in an observational study for various reasons. The article presents insightful and pragmatic theoretical, empirical, and case-related information on the potential application of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) in the psychological diagnosis of patients with persistent delusional disorders. Methods: The paper explores theoretical issues and analyses a case study involving a female patient with a suspected diagnosis of delusional disorder and co-occurring personality disorder. In the case study, the authors employed qualitative methods, including observation and free psychological interview, and supplemented clinical data with insights gained through the use of a standardised psychometric method: the MMPI-2. Reflections and practical recommendations are divided into two groups. One group comprises the potential applications of the MMPI-2 in clinical psychological diagnosis. The other focuses on the importance of the diagnostic alliance and its roles in the process of planning the psychological diagnosis in patients with delusional disorders.

Development of Methods for Identifying BAS Exhibiting Anticoagulant Activity

Introduction. Vascular pathologies associated with thromboembolism are common complications and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients of various nosological groups. Previously, we obtained water-soluble 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-4-R-2-butenoates of hetarylammonium, which exhibit a significant pharmacological effect on the blood coagulation system». A compound with a pronounced anticoagulant effect was found in various routes of administration. It was of interest to study various methods of confirming the authenticity of a potential anticoagulant.Aim. Development of methods for identification of a potential anticoagulant 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-butenoate of thiazolinammonium.Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on three series of the substance 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-butenoate of thiazolinammonium obtained in laboratory conditions. The melting point of BAS was measured by the capillary method according to GF XV OFS.1.2.1.0011 "Melting point". The solubility of the substance was determined in accordance with GF XV of the OFS.1.2.1.0005 "Solubility". The absorption spectra in the IR region were taken in accordance with GF XV of the OFS.1.2.1.1.0002 "Spectrophotometry in the middle infrared region". Absorption spectra in the UV region were taken in accordance with GF XV of the OFS.1.2.1.1.0003 "Spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet and visible regions". In carrying out qualitative reactions, reagents prepared in accordance with GF XV of the OFS were used.1.3.0001 "Reagents. Indicators".Results and discussion. A description of the substance has been carried out. The melting point and solubility of the compound were determined. Spectra in the IR and UV regions of the spectrum were taken. Methods were selected, and qualitative reactions of authenticity of a potential anticoagulant were carried out.Conclusion. The studied characteristics of the new BAS can be used in the standardization of the substance according to the indicators "Description", "Solubility", "Identification", "Melting point". These indicators characterize the physico-chemical properties of 2-hydroxy-4-oxo-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-butenoate of thiazolinammonium, and will be included in the draft regulatory documentation for the substance in the future.

Analysis of the inclusion of therapeutic nutrition products in the list for subsidized provision for disabled children in the Russian Federation for 2016-2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the inclusion of specialized therapeutic nutrition products (STNP) in the list for subsidized provision for disabled children in the Russian Federation for the period from 2016 to 2024. The analysis is based on data regarding the registration and inclusion of STNP in the state list, and also considers changes in the legislation governing this process. The distribution of products by nosological groups, country of manufacture, and the average time from registration to inclusion in the list has been analyzed. The results demon- strated a significant increase in the number of domestic STNPs and the expansion of the geography of foreign manufacturers, which contributes to the improvement of the quality of provision for disabled children. It is also noted that there has been a substantial reduction in the time from registration to inclusion of STNPs in the list, indicating the optimization of relevant procedures and an increase in the time- liness of access to necessary products. The findings of this analysis contribute to a deeper understanding of the current state and development trends of the STNP market in the Russian Federation.

Problems of Motor Development of 6-7 Years Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Original Research<strong>Problems of Motor Development of 6-7 Years Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders</strong>Lyudmila N. Voloshina <sup>1, *</sup>, Viktor L. Kondakov <sup>1</sup>, Karina E. Panasenko <sup>1</sup>, Lyudmila K. Buslovskaya <sup>1</sup>, Dmitry V. Shcherbin <sup>2</sup>* <strong>Correspondence: </strong>Lyudmila N. Voloshina; E-Mail: <a href="mailto:voloshina_l@bsu.edu.ru">voloshina_l@bsu.edu.ru</a><strong>Academic Editor: </strong>Fabrizio Stasolla<strong>Special Issue</strong>: <a href="https://www.lidsen.com/journals/genetics/genetics-special-issues/rare-genetic-syndromes-from-diagnosis-treatment">Rare Genetic Syndromes: From Diagnosis to Treatment</a><em>OBM Genetics</em>2023, volume 7, issue 4doi:10.21926/obm.genet.2304205<strong>Received:</strong> September 21, 2023<strong>Accepted:</strong> December 05, 2023<strong>Published:</strong> December 11, 2023<strong>A</strong><strong>b</strong><strong>stract</strong>According to modern research, there is a high risk of motor development disorders in children 6-7 years old with autism spectrum disorders. This determines the relevance of studying the problem of individual differences in motor development of children 6-7 years old with autism spectrum disorders, the need for objective assessment of its level, and the determination of group and individual strategies for correction of motor development. The study identifies and evaluates the motor development problems of 6-7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders. Materials and methods of the study. Analysis and comparison of the results of observations of the motor development of 27 children 6-7 years old with autism spectrum disorders attending compensatory and combined orientation groups and 100 children of the same age with homotypic product attending general developmental and combined orientation groups of preschool institutions in Belgorod. The following methods were used: theoretical (analysis, generalization, comparison), empirical (observation of the performance of motor tasks, and methods of mathematical statistics (Student's t-criterion): results and their discussion. The comparative analysis of motor development indicators of 6-7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders and normotypically developing children shows the reliability of their differences (p < 0.05) in qualitative and quantitative indicators. The research confirmed the presence of problems in children with autism spectrum disorders related to the development of balance function (51.85%), impaired regulation of muscle activity, and difficulties in purposeful performance of movements (44.44%). Movement coordination disorders are observed in 55.85% of children: conclusions and conclusion. The study results indicate the relevance of the search for new means of correction of motor development of 6-7-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders at this age stage. The study confirmed the high risk of motor disorder development in children of this nosological group.

Effect of the duration of temporary disability in dental diseases on the economically active population of the region: On the example of the Republic of Tatarstan

BACKGROUND: Morbidity with a temporary disability is an informative objective criterion for assessing the health status of the working population. The special literature describes data on research activities of temporary disability examination services; however, the issues of clinical and statistical analyses of the duration of temporary disability in dental diseases and factors affecting it at the regional level have not been sufficiently investigated.
 AIM: To determine the average duration of temporary disability for each class of dental morbidity at the regional level through clinical and statistical analyses.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of temporary disability established by dental medical organizations of the Republic of Tatarstan for 11 years were analyzed retrospectively. To calculate the intensive indicators, data of working patients who received dental treatment during the study period were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23.
 RESULTS: The average duration of temporary disability for each class of dental morbidity in the Republic of Tatarstan was 7.02±0.09 days. In addition, the duration of temporary disability in each group of dental diseases was influenced by the following factors: type of nosology, sex and age of the patient, and doctor’s experience. The duration was statistically significantly different depending on the nosological group of dental diseases (p 0.001). The average duration of cases was the greatest in patients with developmental abnormalities and injuries of the maxillofacial region, in whom surgical treatment and follow-up were performed on an outpatient basis (12.18±1.26 and 12.16±0.36 days, respectively).
 CONCLUSION: This clinical and statistical study allows us to obtain reliable information about the state of dental morbidity in the economically active population of the Republic of Tatarstan, which is the basis for planning preventive measures, appropriate comprehensive treatment, and rehabilitation of patients.

Incidence Among Infants in Moscow Including the COVID-19 Statistics

The study presents the data on incidence among infants in Moscow. The author analyzed the indicators of overall incidence, the characteristics of disease distribution, and the level of follow-up care in children of the given age group. The data was obtained from the open sources of Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation (Rosstat) and from the Federal Statistical Observation Form No. 12 “On the number of diseases registered in patients residing in the service area of a medical organization” from 2016 to 2022.
 The author evaluated the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the pre-COVID incidence trends in general and by specific disease categories, as well as on the distribution of diseases common to infants. The results show a decrease in overall incidence and specifically of infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, injuries, poisonings, and other external causes in all age groups. While overall incidence was decreasing between 2020 and 2022, the number of cases requiring the follow-up care was constantly growing. The absence of herd immunity and newborn vaccination due to the age characteristics of the group has led to an explosion of COVID-19 cases in the last three years. The study also revealed the variation in indicators for certain diseases, which warrants further investigation of the dynamics in these nosological groups.

Особливості захворюваності дорослого населення Дніпропетровської області на урологічні хвороби

Purpose: to determine the regional features of urological morbidity and its specific weight in the structure of the general morbidity of the adult population of the Dnipropetrovsk region. Materials and methods. Bibliosemantic, analytical, and medical-statistical methods were used, which make it possible to characterize the current state of health of the population and determine trends in the incidence and prevalence of diseases. The results. The average long-term indicator of the primary morbidity of the population of the Dnipropetrovsk region for all classes of diseases was 7,272.23 per 10,000 adult population, total morbidity was 22,250.84 per 10,000 adult population with a tendency to increase, hospital morbidity was 2,167.9 per 10,000 adult population, with a general tendency to decrease the level of hospitalization. Diseases of the genitourinary system rank second, fourth, and sixth in the structure of primary morbidity, prevalence of morbidity, and hospital morbidity of the adult population, respectively. The leading nosological groups of urological diseases registered for the first time in the adult population of the region are cystitis - 64.88 cases per 10 thousand population, kidney infections - 43.23 per 10 thousand population and kidney and ureter stones - 17.92 per 10 thousand population with a tendency to increase indicators during the studied period, with the exception of kidney and ureter stones. Similar trends persist for the prevalence of diseases. The level of hospitalization of the population of the region turned out to be the highest for kidney and ureter stones - 25.28 per 10 thousand population and kidney infections - 20.01 per 10 thousand population, remained relatively stable during 2012-2019, while during 2020- In 2021, a significant decrease was noted for kidney and ureter stones, kidney infections, while the indicator of hospital morbidity for kidney and ureter stones remained relatively stable. Conclusions. Significant levels of morbidity and prevalence of diseases of the genitourinary system, including urological diseases, negative trends towards their increase require improvement of monitoring of the health status of the population, prevention, timely and complete detection of urological pathology, and high-quality treatment.