Nose Pads Research Articles

The weight of spectacle frames and the area of their nose pads

The current international standard for spectacle frames recommends that frames weighing up to 25 g should have a minimum nose-pad contact area of 200 mm(2) and that those weighing over 25 g should have a minimum contact area of 250 mm(2). It is shown that these recommendations are being almost universally ignored for frames with separate pads on arms. The information on frame materials in manufacturers' literature is woefully inadequate but, from the information available, there was little difference in weight between stainless steel frames and those from unnamed materials.

Eyeglass frame allergic contact dermatitis: does tacrolimus prevent recurrences?

A 35-year-old man developed well-demarcated, oedematous and erosive erythematous lesions on the nasal bridge and retroauricular regions bilaterally. His eyeglass frame was repaired by an optician 2 weeks prior to symptom onset. Patch testing revealed a positive reaction to scrapings of nose pads and temples of the frame in petrolatum. Because the patient did not take our exhortation to change eyeglass frames, we advised him to cover their nose pads and temples with vinyl tape to prevent direct skin contact. Although topical corticosteroid therapy produced clinical resolution temporally, recurrences were not prevented. After starting tacrolimus ointment therapy, recurrence has not occurred for 9 months. Tacrolimus may be effective for allergic contact dermatitis patients who cannot avoid repeated allergen exposure, as it may not only reduce inflammation but inhibit recurrences.

Prediction and elimination of springback in straight flanging using computer-aided design methods: Part 2: FEM predictions and tool design

Part 1 of this two-part paper presents the laboratory experiments on straight flanging, in which the influence of process variables, such as die shoulder radius, punch-die clearance, punch nose radius, pad force and material properties were discussed. This second part summarizes the FEM predictions for flanging and compares these results with some experimental data. Furthermore, flanging with coining to reduce springback has been investigated and evaluated by FEM for better dimensional control in flanging and hemming processes.

Measurement of Electro-oculography by a New Capacitor-Coupled Electrode Embedded in the Nose Pads of Eyeglasses

Measurement of Electro-oculography by a New Capacitor-Coupled Electrode Embedded in the Nose Pads of Eyeglasses

Prediction and elimination of springback in straight flanging using computer aided design methods: Part 1. Experimental investigations

A computer aided design method for straight flanging using finite element method is presented. The predictions have been validated with some laboratory experiments, and this method was applied on a specific type of flanging in which the edge is coined at the end of the operation. The experiments included die corner radius, punch–die clearance, punch nose radius, pad force and material type as the main variables. Some selected cases from the experiments were simulated using two commercial finite element programs: DEFORM™ and ABAQUS TM, and the results were compared with the experiments and the sources of error were discussed. Next, flanging with coining was investigated as a method to eliminate springback and to improve part quality. This first paper in a two-part series presents the experimental investigations on the effect of process variables on springback in straight flanging process. The second paper covers the finite element analysis of flanging, and evaluates the influence of flanging with coining on pre-hemming and hemming processes.

Postoperative Elevation of Eyeglasses from the Nasal Bridge

After surgery on the proximal nose, wearing eyeglasses can be difficult and uncomfortable. In addition, pressure on the skin underneath the eyeglass nose pads may modify wound healing. We describe simple techniques using readily available materials and optical devices that either reduce or remove pressure on the nose from eyeglasses.

Experimental Therapy of Mice Infected with Leishmania Tropica *

The therapeutic effect of sodium stibogluconate, amphotericin B, and metronidazole was studied in an experimental Leishmania tropica infection in outbred white mice inoculated 28, 14, or 0 days previously in the nose and foot pad. The pentavalent antimony and amphotericin were administered subcutaneously for 14 days at doses of 400 mg/kg body weight a day and 12.5 mg/kg a day, respectively, whereas metronidazole was given orally for 14 days at a dose of 50 mg/kg a day. In a separate experiment, inbred BALB/c mice, infected in the foot pad, were treated with pentavalent antimony as before or with an 8-amino-quinoline compound (WR 6026) at a dose of 12 mg/kg a day. The lesions that developed were measured at regular intervals for 7–10 weeks. In outbred mice with established lesions of 4 weeks' duration, no effect of treatment was observed. In mice infected 2 weeks earlier, and especially in animals infected when treatment was started, sodium stibogluconate and amphotericin B prevented or delayed development of lesions during or after the period of treatment. However, soon after termination of treatment most animals showed rapidly growing lesions. Metronidazole had no effect on development of lesions. Results of treatment with sodium stibogluconate in BALB/c mice were similar to those observed with the outbred mice. The 8-amino-quinoline compound (WR 6026) showed only a questionably significant late effect on lesions in BALB/c mice. Viable parasites were cultured from representative mice of all treatment groups many weeks after termination of therapy. This mouse model for certain strains of Leishmania may be useful for experimental therapy studies.

Dermatitis from metal spectacles; demonstration of nickel and copper compounds from corrosion of ear pieces.

The present undertaking was started when a patient asked about an irritation under the nose pads of her glasses. Upon looking at the frames, a greenish stain was seen under the plastic tubing covering the earpieces. The fact that the temples were gold added to the interest. It was known from the action of jewelry metal on normal skin and in the presence of salt that pure gold was inert, and, furthermore, an alloy of gold and copper was not reactive. 1 The green color may have been due to copper, but nickel also develops greenish compounds. If the color was due to nickel, this fact could prove valuable, as pure nickel and nickel silver (nickel and copper) were not reactive on normal skin or in the presence of salt. Like gold, nickel seemed to inhibit the activity of copper. A number of opticians were visited, and a collection