Northern Zone Research Articles

On new prospects for petroleum and gas capability of Paleozoic sediments of the Karpovski projection

The article presents the geological data of recent years – the results of seismic exploration and deep drilling, which allow us to make new constructions of the model of the structure of the Paleozoic sedimentary complex of the northern side zone of the Caspian basin. In the historical development of the Caspian sedimentary basin, multiple geotectonic collisions have been observed, leading to transgressions and regressions of the Paleocean, as well as erosion of accumulated sedimentary strata, as well as interruptions in sedimentation. In the northern side zone, the determining influence of the structural sedimentation factor affected the age-varying carbonate ledges of the Karachaganak carbonate platform of the Aksaiblock, the Teplov-Tokarev zone of the Karpovsky tectonic ledge. Most of the oil, oil and gascondensate and gas condensate fields identified in the subsalt complex of the north of the Caspian Basin are associated with these zones. A comparative comparison of the deposits of the instrument zones of the Caspian basin has shown a fundamental difference in the conditions of accumulation of productive horizons, which lies in the nature of the location and in the significant variability of the filtration and capacitance properties of formations in natural reservoirs. The presence of deep-submerged carbonate structures is predicted in the deep part of the depression, on the slopes of carbonate platforms. Prospects for the detection of organogenic structures in the inner part of the paleobasin are assumed on the eastern extension of the Karpovsky ledge of the foundation and inside the Pogodaevo-Ostafyevsky trough, where, according to the results of 2D and 3D seismic surveys, promising structures Cretaceous, Orlovskaya and a number of others have been identified.

Epidemiology and treatment outcomes of recurrent tuberculosis in Tanzania from 2018 to 2021 using the National TB dataset.

Patients with recurrent TB have an increased risk of higher mortality, lower success rate, and a relatively feeble likelihood of treatment completion than those with new-onset TB. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology of recurrent TB in Tanzania; specifically, we aim to determine the prevalence of TB recurrence and factors associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes among patients with recurrent TB in Tanzania from 2018 to 2021. In this cross-sectional study, we utilized Tanzania's routinely collected national TB program data. The study involved a cohort of TB patients over a fixed treatment period registered in the TB and Leprosy case-based District Health Information System (DHIS2-ETL) database from 2018 to 2021 in Tanzania. We included patients' sociodemographic and clinical factors, facility characteristics, and TB treatment outcomes. We conducted bivariate analysis and multivariable multi-level mixed effects logistic regression of factors associated with TB recurrence and TB treatment outcomes to account for the correlations at the facility level. A purposeful selection method was used; the multivariable model included apriori selected variables (Age, Sex, and HIV status) and variables with a p-value <0.2 on bivariate analysis. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were recorded, and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 319,717 participants were included in the study; the majority were adults aged 25-49 (44.2%, n = 141,193) and above 50 years (31.6%, n = 101,039). About two-thirds were male (60.4%, n = 192,986), and more than one-fifth of participants (22.8%, n = 72,396) were HIV positive. Nearly two in every hundred TB patients had a recurrent TB episode (2.0%, n = 6,723). About 10% of patients with recurrent TB had unfavourable treatment outcomes (9.6%, n = 519). The odds of poor treatment outcomes were two-fold higher for participants receiving treatment at the central (aOR = 2.24; 95% CI 1.33-3.78) and coastal zones (aOR = 2.20; 95% CI 1.40-3.47) than the northern zone. HIV-positive participants had 62% extra odds of unfavourable treatment outcomes compared to their HIV-negative counterparts (aOR = 1.62; 95% CI 1.25-2.11). Bacteriological TB diagnosis (aOR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.02-1.90) was associated with a 39% additional risk of unfavourable treatment outcomes as compared to clinical TB diagnosis. Compared to community-based DOT, patients who received DOT at the facility had 1.39 times the odds of poor treatment outcomes (aOR = 1.39; 95%CI 1.04-1.85). TB recurrence in Tanzania accounts for 2% of all TB cases, and it is associated with poor treatment outcomes. Unfavourable treatment outcomes were recorded in 10% of patients with recurrent TB. Poor TB treatment outcome was associated with HIV-positive status, facility-based DOT, bacteriologically confirmed TB and receiving treatment at the hospital level, differing among regions. We recommend post-treatment follow-up for patients with recurrent TB, especially those coinfected with HIV. We also propose close follow-up for patients treated at the hospital facility level and strengthening primary health facilities in TB detection and management to facilitate early treatment initiation.

Evaluation of Bitter Gourd Genotypes for Pest and Diseases Incidence Under Natural Condition

Bitter goourd or bitter melon botanically Momordica charantia L. is susceptible to many pest and diseases are now days challenge in its cultivation. So in the present study elucidate the incidence of pest (Fruit fly) and disease (mildews) of bitter gourd. The experiment was conducted under northern dry zone of Karnataka. Fifty six bitter gourd genotypes was under study but none of them shows resistance but the severity various with genotypes. Genotypes exhibit powdery mildew incidence from moderately susceptible (20.89%) to highly susceptible (66.67%) and downy mildew. Genotype ABG-DG-T-1 showed lower infestation for fruit fly (12.90%) and downy mildew (32.00%) among all the genotypes under study.

Emerging Parasites among Apparently Healthy School Aged Children in Adamawa State, Nigeria

Aim: This study examines the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica, Paragonimus westermani and Schistosoma intercalatum among school aged children across the geopolitical zones in Adamawa state, Nigeria.&#x0D; Study Design: A cross sectional study designed was used and the study was conducted between October 2019 – March 2020. The study population include school age children studying between 7 – 25 years, studying in government schools across the geopolitical zones in Adamawa state.&#x0D; Methods: A total of 1500 primary and secondary school students from 15 local government areas were enrolled for this study, residual stool samples were collected from each participant and immediately preserved in 10% formalin before taking to the laboratory where it is processed using concentration techniques and observed under the microscope.&#x0D; Results: A total of 0.80% % of the children were found to be positive for at least one of the three parasites, with Fasciola hepatica being the most prevalent 0.47%, followed by Schistosoma intercalatum 0.27% and Paragonomus westermani 0.07%. High prevalence of these emerging parasites was observed in the southern senatorial zone than central and none was reported from northern zone.&#x0D; Conclusion: This study reported for the presence Paragonimus westermani and Schistosoma intercalatum for the first time in Adamawa state, highlighting the need for further and a robust study to unravel the epidemiology of these parasites as well as other helminths associated with human infection in the state. This is critical for the design of intervention strategies.

A study on adoption of natural farming practices in northern transition zone of Karnataka

A study on adoption of natural farming practices in northern transition zone of Karnataka

A new monsoon circulation index defining precipitation variability in the East Asian summer monsoon northern marginal zone

A new monsoon circulation index defining precipitation variability in the East Asian summer monsoon northern marginal zone

Assessment by bioeconomic modeling water price scenarios of the resilience of agricultural production systems in a semi-arid region: Case of Baalbeck El Hermel – Lebanon

Baalbeck El Hermel Governorate, particularly the semi-arid region is increasingly threatened by climate change. These disturbances, more specifically, concerning the limit in water resources generate problems for the agricultural systems constituting the principle source of families’ subsistence in this zone. This study was established to evaluate, via a bioeconomic modeling approach, the resilience of agricultural systems in Baalbeck El Hermel and perceive their adaptation techniques under conditions of water scarcity. In this context, we have selected three typical farms representative of the driest northern zone receiving the least precipitation.&#x0D; Several behaviors and levels of resilience of these farms were showed after analysis of the results: 1) farms specializing in market gardening or perennial crops are very sensitive to drought conditions and are not resilient in the face of water limit conditions; 2) the diversified farm with olive tree dominance is less sensitive and more resilient. The analysis of the water pricing scenario showed an improvement in water management but a limit in the adaptive capacity of farmers, hence the necessity to adapt resilience-building strategies for the targeted zone.

Seeded bermudagrass establishment as affected by nitrogen source, rate, and application frequency

AbstractSeeded bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) cultivars are a popular choice for many athletic fields and golf course areas throughout the transition zone and southern United States, but the nitrogen (N) needs to optimize turf coverage are not well defined, and N is likely often applied in excess of actual plant needs. A field study was conducted to compare a controlled release versus readily soluble N‐source, total N‐rate, and application frequency for seeded bermudagrass establishment on a native soil in the northern transition zone. ‘Rio’ bermudagrass was seeded in June 2020 and 2021 to evaluate eight granular N‐fertilizer programs using either ammonium sulfate or polymer‐coated urea (PCU). Total N ranged from 0.0 to 6.0 lb N 1,000 ft−2 among three application frequencies, including applications only at planting (PCU only), or applications at planting with repeat applications every 7 or 14 days following bermudagrass germination. Time to 50% green coverage ranged from 20 to 24 and 23 to 30 days in Year 1 and 2, respectively, and varied by N‐program. Applying PCU at planting, 2 lb N 1,000 ft−2, resulted in similar number of days to 90% green coverage compared with other fertilization programs in both study years but with less overall N and fewer applications. These results indicate that applying more than 3 lb N 1,000 ft−2 over the first 60 days of establishment provided no measurable benefit in terms of time to maximum turf coverage.

Sediment provenance of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf and evidence of Holocene climate-driven fluvial events in the Indigirka River based on detrital mineral analysis

Analysis of sediment provenance in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf is crucial for the understanding of source to sink pathways and their link to climatic and environmental changes. In this paper, we conducted detrital mineral analysis on surface sediments and one sedimentary core (LV77–41-1) from the eastern Laptev Sea and the western shelves of the East Siberian Sea. Based on the results of light and heavy mineral analysis in surface sediments, two distinct zones were identified in the eastern Laptev Sea: an eastern zone is characterized by sources from the Lena River and a northern zone is characterized by sources that transition from riverine dominance to more sea-ice transported sources in an offshore direction. In the western part of the East Siberian Sea, detrital mineral assemblages in the outer Indigirka River mouth region are influenced by polygenic sources comprising sediments mainly derived from the river itself, and some material supplied by the Siberian Coastal Current, and the erosion of coastal permafrost and nearby islands. In the outer shelf and basin region, detrital mineral assemblages contain signatures of apatite, garnet, and hypersthene, indicating various material sources are represented, including the Lena River, Taimyr Peninsula, and Kamchatka Peninsula. Integrating this understanding of the sources and transport pathways of surface sediments, detrital mineral analysis of core LV77–41-1 indicate that coarse-grained Holocene sediments were mainly transported by the Indigirka River, with subordinate sources from coastal permafrost erosion, materials carried by Siberian Coastal Current, and island erosion. Since 7 ka BP, four distinct fluvial events have occurred, with the most prominent fluvial event occurring between 4.6 and 4.3 ka when the depocenter shifted significantly toward the sea. The fluvial events occurred following the onset warm periods and the high frequency of volcanic glass observed in layers marking these fluvial events serves as evidence of the influx of glacial meltwater into the Indigirka River basin during these warmer episodes.

Spatiotemporal Variations in Biophysical Water Quality Parameters: An Integrated In Situ and Remote Sensing Analysis of an Urban Lake in Chile

This study aims to develop and implement a methodology for retrieving bio-optical parameters in a lagoon located in the Biobío region, South-Central Chile, by analyzing time series of Landsat-8 OLI satellite images. The bio-optical parameters, i.e., chlorophyll-a (Chl-a, in mg·m−3) and turbidity (in NTU) were measured in situ during a satellite overpass to minimize the impact of atmospheric distortions. To calibrate the satellite images, various atmospheric correction methods (including ACOLITE, C2RCC, iCOR, and LaSRC) were evaluated during the image preprocessing phase. Spectral signatures obtained from the scenes for each atmospheric correction method were then compared with spectral signatures acquired in situ on the water surface. In short, the ACOLITE model emerged as the best fit for the calibration process, reaching R2 values of 0.88 and 0.79 for Chl-a and turbidity, respectively. This underlies the importance of using inversion models, when processing water surfaces, to mitigate errors due to aerosols and the sun-glint effect. Subsequently, reflectance data derived from the ACOLITE model were used to establish correlations between various spectral indices and the in situ data. The empirical retrieval models (based on band combinations) yielding superior performance, with higher R2 values, were subjected to a rigorous statistical validation and optimization by applying a bootstrapping approach. From this process the green chlorophyll index (GCI) was selected as the optimal choice for constructing the Chl-a retrieval model, reaching an R2 of 0.88, while the red + NIR spectral index achieved the highest R2 value (0.79) for turbidity analysis, although in the last case, it was necessary to incorporate data from several seasons for an adequate model training. Our analysis covered a broad spectrum of dates, seasons, and years, which allowed us to search deeper into the evolution of the trophic state associated with the lake. We identified a striking eight-year period (2014–2022) characterized by a decline in Chl-a concentration in the lake, possibly attributable to governmental measures in the region for the protection and conservation of the lake. Additionally, the OLI imagery showed a spatial pattern varying from higher Chl-a values in the northern zone compared to the southern zone, probably due to the heat island effect of the northern urban areas. The results of this study suggest a positive effect of recent local regulations and serve as the basis for the creation of a modern monitoring system that enhances traditional point-based methods, offering a holistic view of the ongoing processes within the lake.

Evolution of the Júcar-Cabriel fluvial system on the Mediterranean watershed of the Iberian Peninsula (Valencia, eastern Spain)

This study presents the characterization and chronology of the Quaternary terrace sequence developed in the confluence zone of the Júcar and Cabriel river valleys. The study area covers a radius of 10 km from the confluence of the two valleys near the locality of Cofrentes (Valencia). It is located in the northern zone of the Ayora-Cofrentes Graben in the northeastern sector of the External Prebetic Zone adjacent to southern Iberian Chain. This N-S graben is an inherited tectonic feature with an axial salt wall subject to different periods of fluvial dissection and refilling since at least the end of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC). Regional isostatic uplift and local uplift and subsidence processes related to salt flow and dissolution during the Quaternary period, favored by fluvial entrenchment and terrace development. The terrace system and the previous pre-incision erosional and depositional surfaces are analyzed from a geomorphological point of view. The terrace system only develops within the soft Mio-Pliocene sedimentary fill of the graben, whilst upstream and downstream this zone the studied valleys develop important gorges (canyons) carved in the Cretaceous tablelands (Caroch Massif) and Mio-Pliocene deposits (Llanura Manchega). The geochronological control is established from 20 numerical ages obtained by different dating methods, such us Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) in detrital sequences and Th/U series in calcareous tufa deposits. Additionally, four K/Ar dates available for volcanic materials disrupting the upper and oldest terrace have been considered. A total of 14 terrace levels were identified between +130–135 m (T1) and +3–4 m (T14) of relative height above the river thalwegs. The T1 has an approximate age of c. 1.6–2.0 M.a. as indicate the age of the volcanic materials from the Agras Volcano intruded in the terrace, marking the onset of Quaternary fluvial dissection in the zone. The obtained geochronological data indicate that the Lower-Middle Pleistocene boundary is slightly above T6 (+60–65 m), which has an ESR age of 577 ± 43 ka. This terrace also documents the onset of the most important period of rise of the salt within the graben interfering drainage development. The geochronological data indicate the occurrence of a second eruptive event during the second half of the Middle Pleistocene related to the terraces T7 (+50 m) and T8 (+35–40 m), updating the volcanic activity in the zone. The beginning of the Upper Pleistocene is recorded by the top sequences of the T9 terrace (+25–30 m) where numerous OSL and Th/U data have been obtained with ages between ca. 105 and 81 ka (MIS 5). However, these young terraces (T8 to T13) are thickened (8–10 m) recording Middle Pleistocene sediments in their basal sequences with ages between ca. 193 and 137 ka (MIS 6). The study provides important data on valley evolution under the interference of volcanic activity, salt –related deformation (diapirism, solution subsidence) and fluvial incision fostered by the rise of the axial diapir (salt wall) protruding the graben since at least the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary. The analyzed fluvial evolution documents interesting cases of river capture, drainage antecedence and tectonic adaptation of the drainage throughout the Quaternary Period. The paper also poses interesting geochronological data on the long-term Quaternary evolution of Mediterranean valleys in the Iberian Peninsula, poorly explored to the date.

Historical Projection of the Rainfall Distribution in the North Region of Brazil

From a set of primary and secondary monthly data from 1991 to 2022, the annual and seasonal climatological pattern of the North region of Brazil, where most of the Amazon Biome is located, was analyzed. An incomplete Gamma distribution model was applied to the climatological precipitation data (mm); atmospheric pressure (mb); incidence of solar radiation (kJ/m²); air temperature and dew (ºC); relative humidity (%); wind intensity (m/s) with direction and maximum gust. Data normalization techniques and spatial similarity identified different patterns and trends of precipitation in the region, with significant seasonality, especially in terms of rainfall. The highest precipitation rates occurred in the N-NW axis, inside the northern Amazonian area, while the lowest values were observed in the southern equatorial zone, on the limits of the Pará State with the Cerrado Biome. Four zones and one climate range were established: southern, central, northern west and northern east zones and extreme north area, all with significant similarity in precipitation and humidity. A trend was observed in the number of days with precipitation between 25 and 50% in the southern and central zones, and an increase in precipitation of 50 to 75% for the northern zone. The wind distribution model showed a tendency towards the presence of isotropic climate phenomena, presenting the same properties or characteristics. The results obtained are relevant to support research aimed at understanding global warming and its consequences, in addition to contributing to forest management programs, and establishing more effective protocols for cultivation in agricultural areas in the Amazon.

Regional Disparities and Dynamic Distribution in the High-Quality Development of the Marine Economy

The maritime economy is gradually becoming a new engine for the high-quality development of the economic and social sectors. However, due to factors such as geographical location and natural endowments, there are significant regional disparities, making it challenging for the national maritime economy to achieve balanced development. Therefore, this paper constructs an index evaluation system for the high-quality development of the maritime economy. It calculates the comprehensive index and subsystem indices of the high-quality development of the maritime economy in 11 coastal provinces (cities and districts) in China from 2008 to 2020 and examines their regional disparities and dynamic evolution. The study reveals the following: (1) The high-quality development levels of the maritime economy in coastal provinces show a fluctuating upward trend, with different dimensions of advantages in each province. (2) The overall regional disparities exhibit a development trajectory of expansion followed by contraction, with a general trend in narrowing disparities. Currently, the southern maritime economic zone has the greatest internal differences, and the gap between the southern and northern maritime economic zones is relatively pronounced. (3) Significant fluctuations are observed in the disparities in high-quality development of the maritime economy between China and the three major maritime economic zones. The internal gaps within the northern and southern maritime economic zones have expanded to varying degrees, whereas the gaps within the eastern maritime economic zone have shown some convergence. (4) Inter-group mobility among provinces in different states of high-quality development of the maritime economy is low, and provinces in a low-level state exhibit a noticeable “low-end lock-in” phenomenon. This paper, through a timely spatial and temporal analysis of China’s high-quality development process of the maritime economy, aims to provide policy guidance for advancing the high-quality development of the maritime economy.

Prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults, Ghana: evidence from the Ghana 2021 Population and Housing Census

BackgroundAlthough there are studies on disabilities in older persons, most of these studies have been carried out in developed countries. Hence, there are limited studies on disability in older adults in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ghana. The few studies that have examined the prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults used survey data for their analyses. To contribute to addressing this knowledge gap that has arisen, this study used a national census, the 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census, to examine the prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults in Ghana.MethodsThe 2021 Ghana Population and Housing Census data was used for this study. A sample size of 197,057 Ghanaians aged 60 years and above was used for this study. The Washington Group questions on disability were used to measure disability by asking older adults about their difficulties in performing the six domains of disability (physical, sight, intellectual, hearing, self-care, and speech). A multinomial logistic regression housed in STATA was used to analyse the correlates of disability in older adults in Ghana. A p-value less than 0.05 was used for statistical significance.ResultsThe results show that slightly more than one-third (38.4%) of the older adults were disabled. In terms of the number of disabilities in older adults, 16.9% had one disability condition, while 2.4% had six disability conditions. Also, 9.4% had two disability conditions. Older adults who were females, aged 70–79 years and 80 years and above, resided in rural areas, with primary, JHS/Middle, SHS, unaffiliated with religion, ever married and never married, unemployed, and belonged to the middle and rich households were more likely to have a disability condition. Also, older adults residing in the Middle and Northern zones, having no health insurance, and using clean cooking fuel were less likely to have a disability condition.ConclusionsThe results show that socio-demographic and household factors were associated with disability in older adults in Ghana. Hence, policymakers and researchers should target these factors when designing appropriate policies, programmes, and interventions to improve the wellbeing of older adults.

Australian Summer Monsoon Bursts: A Moist Static Energy Budget Perspective

AbstractThe Australian monsoon's wet season is associated with sequences of wet and dry conditions known as bursts and breaks, which usually have timescales of a week or two. There are several hypotheses for the physical processes involved in monsoon bursts, ranging from the effects of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation to extratropical influences. We analyze rainfall bursts in Northern Australia using a moist static energy (MSE) budget framework. We separate the bursts into three types and further separate them into pre‐monsoon, active monsoon, and post‐monsoon. We then apply ERA5 data to calculate the MSE budget for each burst and construct composite bursts for each of the three types. We find that the horizontal advection of MSE over the tropical northern Australian convergence zone is the most critical term in the budget for the day‐to‐day precipitation variation. MSE‐related gross moist stability analysis reveals that each type has distinct characteristics. The burst type associated with active monsoon bursts displays convective growth and decay patterns both before and after the precipitation peak, which is typical of oceanic convection. A low‐rainfall burst type, which is often seen before monsoon onset, is linked to coastal convection and has minimal rainfall decay after the burst. Finally, a sustained high‐rainfall burst type, mostly observed at the end or after the monsoon retreat, has growth characteristics similar to the typical monsoon burst but does not decay, maintaining very high rainfall for at least a week due to a rearrangement of the circulation and local thermodynamic structure of the atmosphere.

Análisis espacial de mortalidad por cáncer de próstata y su relación con el acceso geográfico a los servicios de salud por cantón en Costa Rica, 2010-2016

This paper aims to explain the distribution and behavior of prostate cancer mortality in Costa Rica based on geographic access to health services by municipalities. Methodologically, an ecological analysis is presented; its information source is the death database of the National Institute of Statistics and Census. To study the association between mortality and access to health services, the authors designed the Geographic Access Index to Health Services (GAIHS) and implemented Poisson regression models and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). As a main result, an increasing trend of the disease in the population was found. The GAIHS shows that access to health services is not evenly distributed in the territory and is associated with PCa mortality. It is concluded that the northern zone of the country presents the greatest disadvantage in access to health services and that the territories with the worst GAIHS tend to increase mortality from PCa.

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Tanzania: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science, African Journals Online, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases for studies conducted up to March 1, 2023, that estimated the prevalence of HBV in Tanzania based on HBV surface antigen measurements. The DerSimonian-Laird random effects model was used to estimate the overall prevalence of HBV with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential sources of heterogeneity were also investigated. Thirty-one studies with a total sample size of 37,988 were included in the meta-analysis. The overall average HBV prevalence estimate in Tanzania was 6.91% (95% CI = 5.18-8.86%). Subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence in the northern zone (9.32%, 95% CI; 2.24-20.36%), among the blood donors (18.72%, 95% CI: 17.43-20.05%) and among the community volunteers (8.76%, 95% CI: 4.55-14.15%). The lowest prevalence was observed in the lake zone at 4.66% (95% CI: 3.49-5.99) and in pregnant women at 4.72% (95% CI: 3.42-6.21). The overall between-study variability showed significant heterogeneity (I 2 = 97.41%, P < 0.001). Our results showed that Tanzania is a country with moderately high HBV endemicity, with large interregional differences and significantly high numbers of HBV infections within the community. This underscores the need for immediate development of targeted prevention strategies and further epidemiological studies to better understand the pattern of the disease.

Assessment of the humus state of hortically suitable soils Northwest Caucasus

The laying of intensive industrial gardens in Russia is carried out according to special projects, which are based on complex works that begin the selection and assessment of the soil suitability of land plots. The levels of total humus and its labile forms have been established for the main horticultural soils of the Krasnodar Territory on the basis of long-term studies. The use of these criteria makes it possible to assess the degree of cultivation or degradation processes of the soil cover of each specific garden plot. Studies have shown that, in all surveyed soils of the region, the profile distribution of humus is gradually decreasing. The most informative soil layer for assessing fertility can be considered the upper 30 cm layer. The greatest quantitative and qualitative changes of organic matter occur in this layer. Different gardening zones of the region differ in the content of total humus in the main types of soils, a decrease is observed from ordinary chernozems (northern zone) to alluvial meadow soils (river valleys of the foothill zone). The humus content in the natural cenoses of Kuban chernozems reached 5.5 %, and in heavily plowed soil up to 3.5 %, a similar situation was observed in floodplain soils, these values corresponded to 4.0 % and 2.0 %. All other types of soils occupied an intermediate position in terms of humus content.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of Crossandra [Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees.] under the northern dry zone of Karnataka

Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of Crossandra [Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees.] under the northern dry zone of Karnataka

Influence of growth regulators on growth, flowering, yield and quality attributes of Crossandra [Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees.] under the northern dry zone of Karnataka

Influence of growth regulators on growth, flowering, yield and quality attributes of Crossandra [Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) Nees.] under the northern dry zone of Karnataka