Northern Karnataka Research Articles

A study of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic foot ulcer disease in a tertiary health care center of Northern Karnataka

A study of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic foot ulcer disease in a tertiary health care center of Northern Karnataka

Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague) based intercropping for higher system productivity of semiarid tropics of Northern Karnataka

Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague) based intercropping for higher system productivity of semiarid tropics of Northern Karnataka

Trend Analysis of Seasonal Drought in Northern Karnataka, India

Trend analysis of climatic data is often carried out in water resources management studies to understand its distribution over a given region. This paper presents an analysis of trends in meteorological drought in 12 districts in the northern part of Karnataka state, India over the period 1991–2020. Trends in the 3-month timescale standardized precipitation index (SPI-3) were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall (MK) trend test and Sen’s slope estimator for the Kharif season. The results of analysis showed an increasing trend of droughts in four districts however, the trend in most of the districts was not statistically significant. The findings were validated with the trend of the declared area under drought (AUD) by the state government for the study area. The findings of this work might be useful for a better understanding of regional drought trends and also for establishing effective water resources management policies.

Oils seeds performed better for different sources of irrigation water as comparedto wheat and chickpea in Malaprabha Command Area of Northern Karnataka

In the present scenario of irregular monsoon, in-situ conservation of rain water through farm ponds and providing life saving irrigations utilizing ground water to the agriculture crops is the need of hour. In this context, astudy was conducted on evaluation of effect of different sources of irrigation water on important rabi crops like safflower, sunflower, wheat and chickpea during rabi seasons of 2017, 2018 & 2019 at the Irrigation Water Management Research Center (IWMRC), Belavatagi in North Karnataka. Among the different rabi crops tried safflower recorded significantly higher chickpea equivalent yield in all three years as well as in pooled analysis (2.38, 2.04, 1.16 and 1.86 t /ha, respectively) followed by sunflower (1.49, 1.32, 1.28 and 1.36 t /ha, respectively). The results also indicated that, among the rabi crops, safflower and sunflower are the least affected crops with respect to sources of irrigation water, whereas chickpea and wheat are much affected with the different sources of irrigation water. Thus, oilseeds like safflower and sunflower performed better as compared to chickpea and wheat with different sources of irrigation water with respect to their growth and performance in Malaprabha Command Area of North Karnataka region.

Effect of in-situ moisture conservation practices on yield and economics of sunflower and pigeonpea intercropping in Vertisols of Northern Karnataka

Field experiments were conducted during Kharif 2020 and 2021 to study the effect of in-situ moisture conservation practices on yield and economics of sunflower and pigeonpea intercropping in Vertisols of Northern Karnataka. Treatments consisted of broad bed and furrow, ridges and furrow, tied ridging, conservation tillage, flatbed and opening furrow after every three rows at 30 DAS compared with flatbed sowing as main plots. Treatments in sub plots were sunflower + pigeonpea (1:1), sole pigeonpea and sunflower. Results showed that significantly higher yield and yield attributes of sunflower and pigeonpea were recorded in ridges and furrows followed by tied ridges and furrow. Yield of both the crops were significantly more in respective sole crops over theintercropping. Higher SEY, LER, net return and BC ratio were noticed in ridges and furrow under intercropping.

Splendid Kaudi art - A sustainable enterprise for empowerment of rural women

The Kaudi art is one of the oldest folk art practised among women folk of Northern Karnataka and is also called as Grandmothers‘ art. It is prepared by old and used cloth swatches which unfolds the creativity of woman folk through their magnificent skill and imagination with thousands of stitches which depict the traditional folklore. In recent years this craft is slowly fading due to reduced commercial value and lack of interest among the present young generation. Therefore, revival of Kaudi art through value addition is a need of the hour for its sustainability. Hence, the present study is taken up with the objective for revival and restructure of traditional Kaudi for empowering the rural women and it comprised of historical documentation, restructuring of traditional Kaudi designs with design elements, organization of principles and skill development training programmes for rural women. Variegated home textiles were designed with Kaudi stitches and subjected to consumer acceptability. It was seen that among the home textiles developed, the yoga mat was found to be a trendy item as expressed by the consumers due to its usefulness and comfort properties. It was noticed that the perception towards traditional Kaudi art improved remarkably and consumers were convinced on various aspects viz., product diversification through restructuring, design element, principles of design for production of variegated Kaudi articles and its promotional techniques. Value addition to traditional Kaudi through variegated home textiles was found to be the best means for promotion of Kaudi technique, its sustainability and rural entrepreneur can help to establish start ups and microenterprise with minimum investment.

Studies on Components of Genetic Variability in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.) Genotypes across Five Locations in Northern Karnataka

Indian mustard is one of the prominent edible oil yielding crops cultivated in India, with oil content ranging from 37 to 48%. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the variability in eight promising genotypes of Indian mustard along with two checks, Dodda Sasive and NRCHB-101, laid in RCBD with three replications at five different locations across Karnataka. The observations were recorded for 12 biometric traits of mustard, including seed yield and oil content and analyzed using a combined ANOVA. Biometric tools like heritability and genetic advance are crucial components of genetic variability that serve to assess variation in the available germplasm and assist in the selection of a desirable genotype. The traits, number of secondary branches and racemes per plant have registered a high genotypic coefficient of variance as well as a high genetic advance as a percent of the mean indicating the possibility of rapid improvement. A minimal influence of the environment was noticed in the expression of 8 traits out of 12 that exhibited high heritability in a broad sense. Among all the traits, only seed yield exhibited a high genetic advance coupled with moderate heritability, which signifies that seed yield is governed by additive gene effects. The genotypes that exhibited superior performance with respect to yield across all the locations were TM-210, TM-136 and KMR (E) 16-11.

Practice of junk food consumption among college students: an observational study in Northern Karnataka

Background: Globalisation and urbanisation have significantly changed peoples eating patterns and forced many individuals to eat foods which have high calorie and low nutritional value foods called junk foods. Excessive consumption of fast food is often associated with increased risk of non-communicable diseases, presenting a public health challenge. India’s fast-food industry is expanding at the rate of 40% every year. India ranks 10th in the Fast-food per capita spending figures with 2.1% of expenditure in annual total spending. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of junk food among college students. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among college students in Vijayapura city, during June to July 2022. The data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire, convenience sampling of 683 students were the participants of the study. Results: Out of 683 participants, 25.9% doesn’t care about the harmful effects of consuming junk. Around 61.8% of respondents are influenced by the taste and flavour of the junk. And 64.9 % of the respondents were aware enough to check mostly, whereas 29.3 percent were never had the habit of checking the nutrient fact label. Conclusions: As majority of the students consume junk, the adequate knowledge about the junk among them were relatively low, along with public health awareness, nutritional counselling can also be given to the students. And they are influenced mostly by the taste and easy availability.

Survey on the Intensity of Peduncle Blight and Anthracnose in Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) Cultivation in Northern Karnataka

A roving survey was carried out for peduncle blight and anthracnose of tuberose caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides respectively, in major affected areas of northern Karnataka. From the results obtained, it was clear that, vegetative state is more vulnerable to the attack of the pathogens then flowering stage irrespective of the locations. Red soil type recorded higher disease severity as compared to black soil. Among the surveyed areas, the severity of peduncle blight of tuberose was maximum in Tumminakatti village (45.33%) of Haveri district while anthracnose severity was maximum in Saidapur farm (31.11%) of Dharwad district. Least disease severity of peduncle blight and anthracnose was recorded in Chandanamatti (13.33%) and Nigadi (6.67%) villages of Dharwad taluk of Dharwad district respectively.

Deciphering Components of Wilt Complex in Pomegranate: A Case Study Based on Survey in Northern Karnataka

Deciphering Components of Wilt Complex in Pomegranate: A Case Study Based on Survey in Northern Karnataka

Socio-economic profile of Kalyana Gidda cattle rearing farmers of Northern Karnataka

Socio-economic profile of Kalyana Gidda cattle rearing farmers of Northern Karnataka

Scenario of Wilt Incidence of Chickpea in Major Chickpea Growing Regions of Northern Karnataka, India

The chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the important pulse crops grown in India. Chickpea wilt complex is one of the most devastating crop diseases in northern Karnataka. Because of abundant inoculum in the soil and suitable environment circumstances, infected plants die, resulting in full loss of yield. A random roaming study was done in important chickpea farming districts of northern Karnataka, namely Dharwad, Belagavi, Haveri, Gadag, Bagalkot, Kalaburgi, and Vijayapur, during Rabi 2021-22 and 2022-22, to establish disease incidence and its in severity in different places. The survey results demonstrated a link between three pathogens: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri, Rhizoctonia bataticola, and Sclerotia rolfsii. Dharwad district has the highest illness incidence (30.20%), followed by Kalburgi district.with 29.85 per cent.

Farmers’ Perception towards Climate and Millet Producer Organizations

Aims: Majority of the farmers in India are small and marginal (nearly 88.6%) & facing issues in getting timely inputs (seed, fertilizer, pesticide and farm implements), credit access, market linkages, & existence of intermediaries reduced the producers share in consumer rupee. Farmers as collectives viz., FPOs/Co-operatives/FPC helps small, marginal and tenant farmers in enhancing their production, marketing, income, bargaining power, and provides benefits through joint action by eliminating the intermediaries. FPOs boost farmers income by establishing businesses among farming communities, brings industry and agriculture together that develops rural areas.
 Study Design: Random sampling.
 Place and Duration of Study: Karnataka, January 2023.
 Methodology: Four millet FPOs promoted by ICAR-IIMR from Northern Karnataka were taken for the study. Data regarding perception of millet farmers towards FPOs was collected by using well framed interview schedule from 120 farmers which were selected randomly. The data pertaining to study was collected during 2022-23 and basic statistical tools like descriptive statistics, percentage analysis, factor analysis were employed for analyzing the perception levels of farmers.
 Results: Majority of the millet farmers in the study area were medium aged with family size of four to six members. The average land holding capacity of farmers was 7.85 acres and are customized with organic farming of cultivation. It was noticed that majority of the millet FPO famers have medium level of perception towards general (80 %) and service activities (68.3 %) of FPOs and have higher level (73.3 %) of perception towards extension activities of FPOs. Lack of effective market linkages, Timely availability of agri-inputs and lack of coordination among FPO members were major constraints faced by millet FPO members.
 Conclusion: Establishment of Millet farm gate processing units at FPOs, CHCs, linking small holders to market through FPOs, value addition of millets, e-marketing, organizing trainings on aspects of second agriculture programs will make FPOs sustain in long run and thereby strengthen millet value chain. Collective efforts of Millet FPOs can contribute in building climate-resilient agricultural systems and support sustainable livelihoods for millet farmers.

Stability analysis of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for yield and yield attributing traits in paddy ecosystems of Northern Karnataka

Stability analysis of different rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for yield and yield attributing traits in paddy ecosystems of Northern Karnataka

Survey and surveillance of soybean pink pod borer, Cydia ptychora (Meyrick) in northern Karnataka

Roving survey was undertaken in three districts of northern Karnataka viz., Dharwad, Belagavi and Haveri toknow the incidence pattern of pink pod borer, Cydia ptychora during kharif 2021. The highest larval incidence was observedin Dharwad district (4.12 larvae/5 plants) followed by Belagavi district (3.92 larvae/5 plants) and the lowest incidence wasrecorded in Haveri district (1.19 larvae/5 plants). The maximum number coccinellids and chrysopids were observed inBelagavi (0.71 and 0.41 adults/plant) and lowest population was recorded in Haveri (0.50 and 0.17 adults/plants). Fixedplot survey was conducted during kharif 2021 at Main Agricultural Research Station, University of Agricultural Sciences,Dharwad. The incidence of pink pod borer on soybean was noticed from 32nd Meteorological Standard Week (MSW) andcontinued till 40th MSW. The larval population in JS 335 variety ranged from 0.99 to 13.02 larvae/5 plants. The incidence ofnatural enemies were found from 32nd MSW onwards and the mean number of coccinellids (Cheilomenes sexmaculata andIlleis sp.) and chrysopids (Chrysoperla carnea) observed were 0.59 and 0.33 per plant, respectively

Antagonistic activity of native Trichoderma spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonads againstRhizoctonia solani causing sheath blight in rice crop

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world’shuman population, especially in Asia and Africa. Rice production is often subjected to several biotic and abiotic stresses ricesheath blight is one of the most destructive diseases causing great damage to rice yield and quality worldwide.Twentyrhizospheric soil samples of rice obtained during survey from different regions of Northern Karnataka were used for theisolation of Trichoderma spp. and fluorescent Pseudomonads. The antagonistic potential was studied by using dual culturetechnique. Among twenty Trichoderma spp., the highest inhibition (> 50%) was recorded in nine isolates which rangedfrom 54.20 to 65.10 per cent. The results obtained were highly significant between the different isolates and also over control.Among the twenty fluorescent Pseudomonads, the per cent inhibition was higher (> 50%) in twelve isolates which varied from51.92 to 81.79 per cent. The results obtained were highly significant between the different isolates and also over control.

Antagonistic potential and growth promoting activities of novel indigenous strains of <i>Trichoderma</i>

Rice (Oryza sativa L.), as a cereal grain, is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world’s human population, especially in Asia and Africa. Rice production is often subjected to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Rice sheath blight is one of the most destructive diseases causing economic losses in rice yields and affecting quality worldwide. Twenty soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of rice crop from different regions of Northern Karnataka. Trichoderma spp. were isolated from the rhizospheric soil samples. The antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. was studied using dual culture technique. Among twenty strains of Trichoderma the highest inhibition (>50%) was recorded in nine strains which ranged from 54.20 to 65.10 per cent. Trichoderma harzianum recorded highest seed germination (100%), root length (13.73 cm), shoot length (8.64 cm) and seedling vigour index. In pot culture experiment, the Trichoderma strains significantly improved the growth parameters such as root length, shoot length and number of tillers per plant. Among the different treatments, seed treatment + root dipping + foliar spray with T. harzianum strain was highly effective in increasing the shoot length, root length and seedling vigour index at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing. This strain was found highly effective in inhibiting the pathogen and promoting the growth of rice plants.

A Study on Gender Participation and Types of Bamboo Products Prepared by Artisans in Northern Karnataka

Aim: To study the gender participation in bamboo making products and to know the products prepared by the bamboo artisans.
 Study Design: Exploratory design was used.
 Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Northern Karnataka districts of Dharwad, Belgavi and Uttar Kannada in the year 2019-2020.
 Methodology: Random sampling method was applied to select a sample size of 120 bamboo artisans’ family (Forty respondents from each district). The respondents were interviewed personally to elicit the primary information by using self structured interview schedule.
 Results: Bamboo enterprise activities were mainly dominated by women (66.66%). In Dharwad district, majority of the respondents prepared bamboo articles like rotti basket (87.50%), chibla (75.00%) and hand fan (60.00%) and as far as Belagavi district is concerned, all most all the respondent’s prepared religious basket (yellaman butti) followed by yellaman jaga (religious basket) (90.00%), further in Uttar Kannada district, all the respondents prepared mara followed by sieve (57.50%).
 Conclusion: Bamboo products making is lead by women in Northern Karnataka districts. Each district has its own dominating product i.e., Rotti basket, Chibla and Religious basket in Dharwad, Belgavi and Uttar Kannada districts respectively.

Socio-Economic Status of Bamboo Artisans of Karnataka, India

Aim: To study the demographic profile and socio economic status of the bamboo artisans of Northern Karnataka districts.
 Study Design: Exploratory design was used.
 Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Northern Karnataka districts of Dharwad, Belgavi and Uttar Kannada in the year 2019-2020.
 Methodology: Random sampling method was applied to select a sample size of 120 bamboo artisans’ family (Forty respondents from each district). The respondents were interviewed personally to elicit the primary information by using self structured interview schedule and Aggarwal et al. [1] was used to study the socio economic status of the bamboo artisans.
 Results: The study resulted that bamboo artisan’s belonged lower middle socio economic status. Higher per cent of the respondents belonged to middle age group followed by young age group. Women participation was more compare to men counterpart in the bamboo artisans occupation.
 Conclusion: Majority of the respondents belonged to middle age group, and majority of them were female followed by male. More than fifty per cent of the respondents had primary school level of education. Majority of the respondents were married followed by widow. Nearly fifty per cent of the respondents belonged to small family. Higher per cent of the respondents had less than 13 years of experience in the bamboo enterprise products making. More than half of the respondents spent 5-6 hours a day in bamboo enterprise. Majority of the respondents involved daily in bamboo enterprise work. Nearly fifty per cent of the respondents had habit of storing the bamboo raw materials inside the home. Majority of the selected bamboo artisans belonged to the lower middle socio economic status and were having less than 13 years of experience.

Morphometric analysis of Hirehalla Sub-basin of Malaprabha River, Northern Karnataka using geoinformatics techniques

In the present study, basin morphometry of Hirehalla Sub-basin of Bagalkote District, Karnataka was carried out using remote sensing and geoinformatics techniques. Delineation and calculation of various morphometric parameters of the sub-basin was done in GIS environment. The study was categorized into– Linear, Aerial and Relief aspects. Result obtained from morphometric analysis confirms the highest order of fifth and showing sub-dendritic to dendritic drainage pattern. Values of shape parameters- form factor (0.16), elongation ratio (0.45) and circulatory ratio (0.38), suggests the sub-basin to be elongated in shape. Average bifurcation ratio value (Rb=3.34), indicates the influence of geomorphic features on the basin. From the values of Stream frequency (1.36) and drainage density (1.27) it indicates, permeable subsurface and low relief. Drainage texture value (1.74) suggests the basin is coarse. In addition, a low value of ruggedness number indicates the resistance of sub-basin to erosion.