Northern Forest-steppe Research Articles

Evaluation of oat varieties for yield and disease resistance in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region

For the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region with its sharply continental weather conditions, oat selection must combine high productivity of varieties with complex disease resistance. The purpose of the study is to evaluate oat varieties for disease resistance and adaptability in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. The studies were conducted in 2018-2023. in the collection crop rotation and in the phytopathological section of the plant gene pool laboratory of SibNIIRS a branch of the Federal Research Center ICG SB RAS (located 17 km from Novosibirsk). The research material was 9 varieties of spring oats of Siberian origin (Krasnoobsky, Novosibirsky 5, Rovesnik, Sig, Orion, Otrada, Fakel, Sibirsky Hercules, Tobolyak). The varieties were assessed according to the following indicators: general adaptability to environmental conditions, resistance to extreme environmental conditions, stability of yield formation in contrasting conditions and resistance to three pathogens (red-brown spot, dusty and covered smut). High overall adaptability to environmental conditions was shown by: Fakel, Otrada, Tobolyak and Siberian Hercules (K = 1.07 1.04). The highest yield potential was formed by: Tobolyak (1359 g/m2), Otrada (1270 g/m2) and Orion (1236 g/m2). Resistance to stress (the smallest difference between maximum and minimum yields) had: Torch (-365 g/m2), Siberian Hercules (-420 g/m2). Compensatory ability (the highest average yield in contrasting conditions) is characterized by: Tobolyak (1090 g/m2), Fakel (987 g/m2) and Otrada (970 g/m2). Stable yields in contrasting conditions were demonstrated by: Fakel (31 %), Siberian Hercules (36 %) and Tobolyak (39 %). Complex resistance to three pathogens (red-brown spot, dusty and covered smut) was shown by: Siberian Hercules, Fakel and Novosibirsk 5.

The possibility of using a natural drug as an antistressant to herbicides in soybean crops

The results of research on the use of a drug of natural origin as an antistressant to herbicides are presented. Soybean plants, like other crops, are exposed to stress not only from abiotic (spring-summer and summer droughts), but also from anthropogenic factors (pesticide treatments). Experiments were conducted in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk region in 2020-2021 on leached chernozem. The objects of the study were the humic preparation Cytohumate and soy varieties SibNIIK-315 and Zolotaya. It has been shown that the Cytohumate brown coal antistressant at a rate of 0.4 l/ha improves the physiological state of soybean plants, provides rapid biomass growth and increases crop yield. The humic preparation contributed to the timely passage of the phenological phases of soybean development. Due to the reduction of the stress effect against the background of Cytohumate in 2020, the phenological phases occurred 2–3 days earlier than in the control. In the dry conditions of July 2021, an acceleration of the budding and flowering phases was noted. Against the background of a natural antistress agent in 2020, an increase in soybean height was statistically proven. The use of the humic preparation had a stimulating effect on the biomass of the cultivated plant. This was most noticeable in the wetter 2020, when the biomass in the experimental variant was significantly higher than the control by 16.8 %. In 2021, in the case of using Cytohumate, only a tendency to increase biomass was observed and the differences from the control were 7 %. The yield increase when applying Cytohumate as an antistress agent to herbicides amounted to 0.4–0.5 t / ha of grain.

The effect of deep subsoil tillage on productivity and grain quality of spring wheat variety ‘Iren’ in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

The purpose of the current work was to study the effect of deep subsoil tillage on productivity and grain quality of spring wheat variety ‘Iren’ in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The study was conducted on the experimental plot of the Northern Trans-Ural State Agricultural University in 2020–2022. There has been established that with annual moldboard plowing of leached heavy loamy blackearth, there is a dense subsurface soil layer with a density of 1.6–2.1 g/cm2 , which restrains the flow of water into the deep soil layers and limits the development of the root system. The deep (35–40 cm) subsoil tillage PCHN-2.1 allows reducing the soil density to 1.2 g/cm2 , increasing the moisture reserve in the arable layer from 19 to 24 mm, in the meter layer from 147 to 173 mm. The wheat plants have grown, developed well and formed a leaf area of 42.4 thousand m2 /ha, which is 7.7 thousand m2 /ha higher compared to moldboard plowing. 4.41 million plants remained for harvesting with deep subsoil tillage, 4.06 million plants/ha with moldboard plowing, the productive acidity was 1.1; 1.3, respectively, the number of grains per ear was 14 and 18 pcs. in favor of deep subsoil tillage. The productivity was 4.61 t/ha, which was 0.69 t/ha higher compared to moldboard plowing. There were no significant differences in grain quality; in both tillage options the grain met the requirements for valuable wheat. Profitability was 40.3 %, which was 15.5 % higher than with moldboard plowing.

The Influence of Competition Between Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Trifolium pratense L., Grown in Simple Mixtures, on the Quality of the Fodder

The aim of this research carried out in the period 2021–2023 was to analyse the influence of competitiveness between Festuca arundinacea Schreb. and Trifolium pratense L., cultivated in simple mixtures, on the quality of the fodder obtained, under the conditions of the northern Romanian forest steppe. In the experiment organized at the Ezăreni Student Research and Practice Station of Iasi University for Life Sciences, at an altitude of 117 m, with coordinates 47°07′27″ N latitude and 27°30′25″ E longitude, on a cambic chernozem soil, with 2.40% humus, 0.178% Nt, 26 ppm PAL and 242 ppm K in the 0–30 cm layer, two factors were studied, namely the cultivation system used, with five graduations: a1—Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (100%—control); a2—Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (75%) and Trifolium pratense L. (25%); a3—Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (50%) and Trifolium pratense L. (50%); a4—Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (25%) and Trifolium pratense L. (75%); and a5—Trifolium pratense L. (100%), and mineral fertilization, with five graduations, respectively: b1—unfertilized (control), b2—N50P50; b3—N75P75; b4—N100P100; and b5—N150P150. The obtained results showed that the process of interspecific competitiveness was greatly influenced by the percentage of participation in the sowing norm of the species in the mixture and the biological peculiarities of the species under study, as well as the climatic conditions specific to each agricultural year, with consequences for the quality of the feed. The crude protein quantity (QCP) obtained in the mixture of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (25%) and Trifolium pratense L. (75%), fertilized with N150P150, was higher by 788.7 kg·ha−1 than that in the control variant, represented by the Festuca arundinacea Schreb. species (100%), unfertilized. The lowest values of NDF (neutral detergent fiber) and ADF (acid detergent fiber) were recorded in the variants where the Trifolium pratense L. species was present and low doses of mineral fertilizers were used, determining a better quality of the forage. In the third year of vegetation, relative forage quality (RFQ) had values of 113.7 in the variant represented by the mixture of Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (25%) + Trifolium pratense L. (75%), unfertilized, and only 91.2 in the variant represented by the Festuca arundinacea Schreb. species (100%), fertilized with N150P150.

Systems of basic tillage and weed infestation of the spring barley crops

In the course of research the influence of duration of exposure to different tillage systems on the weed infestation of crops and yield of spring barley was determined. Stationary field experiments were carried out in the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region – Branch of Federal State Institutions Federal Research Centre Tyumen Scientific Centre of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences – in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen Oblast. Observations (2018-2022) were carried out in the 7th rotation of grain-fallow crop rotation: complete fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring wheat – spring barley. The following systems of basic tillage were compared: moldboard, nonmoldboard, combined, differentiated, sweep and shallow systems. The soil of the experimental plot is dark gray forest soil, heavy loamy, typical for the zone by its characteristics. A mixture of preparations against dicotyledonous and cereal weeds was applied as a general background. Prolonged (during 35 years) application of basic tillage systems of different intensities in cereal crops in grain and fallow crop rotation using a mixture of herbicides against mixed type of weeding contributed to the formation of low and medium degree of weed infestation, mainly annual small-seeded weeds. At the same time, the indicator of total damage (the mass of weeds is 1.13–4.47 % of the biomass of cultivated plants) was low. The moldboard system of basic tillage proved to be the most effective in combating weeds. The highest weed infestation was observed in the nonmoldboard system (243.3 pcs./m2): in spring – 1.8 times more by number, in autumn - 4 times more by weight in comparison with the moldboard tillage system. When cultivating cereals in crop rotation with the use of complex chemicalization means, the possibility of using resource-saving tillage systems is justified by maintaining a low level of weed infestation and its harmfulness, the absence of negative impact on yield.

Качество зерна новых сортов яровой пшеницы в Северном Зауралье

Abstract. The production of high-quality food wheat grains depends to a large extent on the quality potential of the cultivated varieties and the conditions that ensure its implementation. Studies have identified quality-resistant varieties and factors that ensure an optimal combination of yield and grain quality. The purpose of the research is to consider the possibilities of new varieties of spring wheat to form the technological properties of grain in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. Methods. Studies were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region at the Ishim state section. The soil is leached chernozem. The predecessor in the experience is pure steam. The technological properties of wheat grain were assessed by the West Siberian Interregional Center for Comprehensive Quality Assessment of the Tested Varieties (Barnaul). The main criteria for assessing wheat varieties are taken as the gluten content in flour, the strength of flour according to the alveograph and the liquefaction of the test according to the farinograph, these indicators in local conditions are often limiting when assessing varieties according to bakery strength. According to the results of studies, it was established that the indicator “gluten content in flour” in the studied varieties significantly depended on meteorological conditions. For example, in 2022, with a higher degree of moisture and a lower degree of heat compared to 2021, in the predominant part of the varieties (80 %), the amount of gluten in the flour was lower than the standards for wheat filler. At the same time, the following varieties showed high opportunities to provide flour with the amount of gluten: Tyumenskaya 25, Agronomicheskaya 5, Baganochka, Dorada, Tyumenskaya 29, Varden. Varieties stood out – their indicators were at the level of requirements for strong wheat: Baganochka, Ishimskaya 12 and Lenta 45. In terms of “dough liquefaction”, a significant part of the varieties corresponded to the class “wheat-filler”. At the level of strong wheat were indicators in the varieties Ishimskaya 12, Zagora Novosibirsk, Nitsa. Scientific novelty: In the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, new scientific information has been obtained on the formation by new varieties of spring soft wheat of the state test of technological indicators characterizing the baking power of flour. The highest gluten content in flour of 70% yield was distinguished by the varieties Agronomic 5, Dorada, Varden, Baganochka, Ishimskaya 12, and Lenta varieties were characterized by high indicators of the physical properties of the test on the alveograph; Ishimskaya 12 on the farinograph, Zagora Novosibirsk, Nice.

Positive properties of a biological preparation based on the consortium genus bacillus

Abstract An experiment to study the use of a biological preparation was carried out on spring wheat in plot experiments in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe. A fungicidal seed protectant, a bacterial preparation BP (Bacillus simplex / B. Megaterium consortium, secondary metabolites, titer 108 Coe/ml), Biocoal were studied. When treating seeds, plant development was 7 days higher than control when using BP at a rate of 2.5 l/t, where an increase in sprout length by 1.25 cm was noted. When applying the drug to day-old seedlings, the use of BP variants in pure form and with biochar at a rate of 5.0 l/t had a greater effect with an increase in the length of the sprout by 3.2-4.2 cm, a decrease in the population of pathogenic fungi in seeds at the level of 60%, stimulating effect on root length by 1.7 cm, sprout length by 1.5 cm and germination by 6-8%. The use of a bacterial preparation during seed treatment did not affect the reduction of crop root disease. Measuring plant development parameters in the tillering phase, BP with a rate of 1.5 l/t had a greater effect on the length of the upper leaf, exceeding the control by 1-2 cm. The development of morphometric parameters of the flag leaf in the filling phase - milky ripeness had a leaf length of 18-23 cm with a width of 1.0-1.2 cm, with an increase at BP rates of 2.5-5.0 l/t. For seed treatment options, the impact at this stage is minimal or absent. Taking into account biometric indicators of the mass of formed plant organs showed an excess of indicators for BP options in pure form and with biochar at a rate of 5.0 l/t when treating seeds and using them during the growing season. Structural analysis of the ear determined a significant excess of the results of the preparations used during the growing season; the weight of 1000 grains was higher by 2-3 g when the seeds were treated with a chemical disinfectant and using BP at rates of 2.5-5.0 l/t. The crop yield increased by 0.1 t/ha in variants with a rate of bacterial preparation BP of 2.5-5.0 l/t in its pure form.

Multiscale Estimates of Soil Erodibility’ Variation Under Conditions of High Soil Cover Heterogeneity in the Northern Forest-Steppe of the Central Russian Upland

Multiscale Estimates of Soil Erodibility’ Variation Under Conditions of High Soil Cover Heterogeneity in the Northern Forest-Steppe of the Central Russian Upland

Корончатая ржавчина овса: роль сорта, погоды и уровня минерального питания в условиях Западной Сибири

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to assess the factors influencing the incidence of crown rust in oats. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in 2020–2021 at an experimental field located in the northern forest-steppe of the Trans-Urals. The object of the study were three cultivars of Tyumen breeding: Talisman, Otrada and Foma, which were sown on different agricultural grounds, ensuring the formation of yields from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha of grain. The length of oat vegetation was determined at different levels of mineral nutrition; the degree of disease development and its prevalence in crops. Weather conditions in the years of research differed from the average long–term data: 2020 was hot and moderately dry; 2021 was abnormally hot and arid; 2022 was moderately hot and humid. Results. It has been experimentally proved that the application of fertilizers in doses N150P60 and N200P80 increases the vegetation of oats by 18–21 days due to the prolongation of the second half of the growing season. This leads to an increase in the incidence and prevalence of crown rust. The Foma variety turned out to be the most stable, in which the considered indicators were almost two times lower relative to the Talisman and Otrada cultivars. It was found that the degree of disease development depends on the variety by 27 %; by 21 % on the dose of mineral fertilizers and by 35 % on the weather conditions of the growing season. The prevalence of crown rust in oat crops mainly depends on the variety and mineral fertilizers – the degree of influence of these factors is 43 and 35 %, respectively. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the role of each factor on the susceptibility of modern varieties of oats to crown rust was studied and determined. A correlation has been established between the level of mineral nutrition and the degree of development of the disease. Recommendations. To reduce the risk of crown rust damage to oat crops in the conditions of the Northern Urals, it is recommended to use the Foma variety with the introduction of mineral fertilizers for a planned yield of no more than 5.0 t/ha of grain (N150P60).

Erosion and self-restoration of soils on the Central Russian Upland

The article presents an analysis of the thickness of humus horizons of chernozems and gray forest soils, measured at more than a thousand survey points in three areas with an area of about 10 thousand hectares each in the northern (Oryol region), central (Kursk region) and southern (Belgorod region) forest-steppe on the Central Russian Upland. Th e measured thicknesses of the humus horizons was compared with the modeled thicknesses. Modeling of the thickness of humus horizons was carried out based soil erosion modelling and taking into account soils development. An assessment of soil erosion rates was carried out by WaTEM/SEDEM (rainfall erosion) and State Hydrological Institute in the Larionov modifi cation (snowmelt erosion), previously verifi ed on small catchments within or in close proximity to the study sites. Land use history was reconstructed using historical maps. Th e approach made it possible to model with suffi cient accuracy the average erosion losses of soils and calculate the average current thickness of the humus horizon. The obtained results of comparisons of measured and modeled thicknesses of the humus horizon clearly indicate the signifi cant role of soil development in the formation of erosion-accumulative structures of the soil cover. Insuffi cient consideration of soil development leads to a signifi cant underestimation of the calculated thickness of the humus horizon and, as a consequence, to an overestimation of the degree of soil degradation. The rate of development of chernozems and dark gray forest soils is about 0.4 mm∙year–1, which is consistent with literature data from case studies. An increase in diff erences between the modeled and measured thicknesses of the humus layer was noted in the series: chernozem - dark gray forest soil - gray forest soil - light gray forest soil. Perhaps the plowing of gray forest soils contributes to an increase in the fl ow of dissolved humus, as well as pedoturbations, which could potentially contribute to a measurement distortion of the thickness of the humus horizon and an underestimation of the degree of degradation of the soil cover in the northern forest-steppe.

Productivity and grain quality of alternate wheat varieties and early-ripening winter crops at different sowing dates in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

Productivity and grain quality of alternate wheat varieties and early-ripening winter crops at different sowing dates in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

Tacheometric Survey and 3D-Model Building of Fortification Objects in the South of Western Siberia

Purpose. The most objective planigraphy of the earthen fortifications is one of the initial conditions for the reliability of the description of these objects and the subsequent analysis of their defensive capabilities. One of the most common devices for the instrumental surveys in modern archaeological research is a total station. The purpose of the tacheometric survey was to build 3D-models of the earthern fortifications of various types (cape settlements – Chultukov Log-9, ostrogs and redoubts (Umrevinsky, Salt Turn). The work at these objects included two stages – an instrumental survey of the monument and subsequent processing of the survey results with the 3D-models buildings and objects indication.Results. The tacheometric survey was carried out in various landscape zones (the Altai mountains, the northern forest-steppe of the Upper Ob, the steppe zone of the Middle Irtysh) within the river valleys of the Katun, Ob and Irtysh. The wide chronological framework of the sites (the Chultukov Log-9 settlement, the Umrevinsky ostrog, the Salt Turn redoubt) corresponds to the period from the beginning of the 1st millennium AD up to the first quarter of the 18th century and provide an opportunity for the most objective assessment of the tacheometric survey results.Conclusions. The result of the work was the building of the 3D-models of various earthen fortification objects (hillforts, ostrogs, redoubts). Both previously untraceable defensive structures (ditch), and the characteristics of the fenced areas of these structures, previously recorded in written sources, have been identified.

The productivity of medicinal raw materials of peppermint in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

The productivity of medicinal raw materials of peppermint in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region

Basic and additional ecological niches of soil phytopatogenes on spring wheat varieties in West Siberia

The elucidation of hydrothermal and temporal parameters of the realization of the main and additional ecological niches of jointly parasitizing widespread soil phytopathogenic micromycetes has theoretical and applied significance. The aim of the study was to identify the parameters of the implementation of the main and additional ecological niches by the dominant species of soil micromycetes on spring wheat (Bipolaris sorokiniana Sacc. Shoem., Fusarium poae (Peck.) Wollenw., F. oxysporum Schltdl.) in the system of underground and generative organs of spring wheat varieties. The objectives of the study included determining the level of realization of the main ecological niches by three dominant species of soil pathogenic micromycetes in the system of underground organs of spring wheat varieties in different phases of vegetation, as well as identifying the degree of realization by micromycetes of additional ecological niches in generative organs of spring wheat varieties and assessing the strength of the influence of varieties and conditions of the year on the size of ecological niches in underground and generative organs of plants. The study was conducted on 20 varieties of spring wheat in 2020–2022, in the northern forest-steppe of the Ob region according to generally accepted and author’s methods. It is shown that the soil micromycetes B. sorokiniana, Fusarium poae and F. oxysporum, parasitizing together on the underground and generative organs of spring wheat, have different hydrothermal and temporal parameters of the realization of the main and additional ecological niches. B. sorokiniana is a relatively thermophilic species, its parasitic activity is most successful in underground, especially straw organs, is realized in conditions of unstable humidification, F. poae is a moisture-loving micromycete that prefers underground, especially young organs of spring wheat plants, F. oxysporum is a drought-resistant species that tends to more mature plant organs. As for the generative organs of wheat, B. sorokiniana colonizes them by airborne droplets in humid conditions, keeping them confined to straw-like tissues, the correlation coefficient of B. sorokiniana infection of the ear rods and the SCC of August was equal to r = 0.812 ± 0.412. F. poae could reach ears by vessels, the degree of their colonization by this micromycete was small and practically did not depend on the weather conditions of the year and its representation in underground plant organs. F. oxysporum colonized ears of spring wheat by vessels, and the degree of its representation in pathocomplexes of generative organs closely correlated with its share in pathocomplexes of primary and secondary roots: r = 0.923 ± 0.146.

Влияние севооборотов на плодородие выщелоченных чернозёмов Южного Урала

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to establish the degree of influence of crop rotations and mineral nutrition backgrounds on the fertility of leached chernozem. A comparative assessment of the main nutrition elements of humus, nitrogen of easily hydrolyzable, mobile phosphorus of plants in dynamics in the conditions of the northern forest-steppe of the Chelyabinsk region, in various crop rotations on two fertilization backgrounds P and NP was carried out. Methods. The research was carried out in a long-term field experiment on the land-use territory of the Chelyabinsk Research Institute from 1998 to 2021. Humus, total nitrogen and easily hydrolyzable nitrogen were determined in soil samples according to the method of I. V. Tyurin and M. M. Kononova in the modification of V. N. Kudeyarov, mobile phosphorus according to F. V. Chirikov. Results. According to the results of our research, it was found that, on average, over the years of observations 1998–2021, the humus content due to the crop rotation factor changed by 0.2 %, according to the fertilization backgrounds by 0.8 %. The nitrogen content of the total over the years of research increased in all crop rotation options from 20 to 55 %, regardless of the background fertilization. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the nitrogen content of the easily hydrolyzed significantly depends on the background of mineral nutrition and the conditions of the year, on average for 1998–2021, the decrease in nitrogen of the easily hydrolyzed was 17–22 %. On average, according to the variants of the experiment for 1998–2021, the process of assimilation of liquid phosphorus against the background of NP is more intensive by 8 %. A strong correlation was established between the productivity of crop rotations and total nitrogen against the background of P in 1998 and 2013, nitrogen easily hydrolyzed in 1998 and 2021, mobile phosphorus for all the years of research. The scientific novelty. Monitoring of the assessment of the state of soil fertility makes it possible to monitor, as well as diagnose the degree of anthropogenic impact, make appropriate adjustments to ensure high productivity of crop rotations in a changing climate.

Multiscale Estimates of Soil Erodibility Variation under Conditions of High Soil Cover Heterogeneity in the Northern Forest-Steppe of the Central Russian Upland

Multiscale Estimates of Soil Erodibility Variation under Conditions of High Soil Cover Heterogeneity in the Northern Forest-Steppe of the Central Russian Upland

Оценка пригодности почв для возделывания картофеля

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to assess the suitability of soils for growing potatoes according to the requirements for the crop under study. Conduct a grouping of soil types in the study area according to fertility indicators. To form an optimization model in terms of fertility indicators relative to the requirements for the cultivation of potatoes. Methods. The object of the study is the territory of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region. The studies were carried out on the basis of an analytical method using the following tools: at the first stage, the technology for creating a digital soil map of the South of the Tyumen region was carried out; at the second stage, a modeling method was used to develop an optimization model of soil fertility indicators; data of long-term research of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. Scientific novelty. Work has been carried out to create a digital soil map of the south of the Tyumen region. 52 genetic types of soils were identified, the maximum area in the region falls on bog high-moor peat soils – 32.1 %, the minimum meadow-chernozem solonetsous and podzolized chernozems – 0.1 %. Taking into account the parameters of soil fertility, using the modeling method, an optimization model has been developed in the context of soil grouping by fertility. Results. The most favorable in terms of fertility for the cultivation of potatoes are the following types of soils - gray forest podzolized, dark gray forest solodized, ordinary solonetzic chernozems, podzolized chernozems, leached chernozems and meadow chernozem soils, since their initial fertility indicators are closer to the required conditions for potato cultivation. With regard to the content of nutrients in the soil, here it is necessary to take into account through laboratory studies. However, when selecting soils from the presented model, one can understand how much nutrients need to be added to the soil with fertilizers in order to provide optimal nutrition for potatoes.

Effectiveness of applying the preparation Tropikanka 1 on potatoes in the forest steppe of the Obie region

The results of complex experiments to study the effectiveness of using the drug Tropikanka 1 on early potatoes of the Vega variety are presented. The studies were conducted in arid conditions on grey forest soils of the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region. Before planting, the tubers were soaked for 15 minutes in a solution of Tropikanka 1 with a dilution of 1:50 depending on the options: 1:100, 1:200 and without using the drug with soaking in water (control). The research aims to develop methods for using the environmentally friendly organic fertiliser Tropikanka 1 to stimulate the growth and development of potatoes, increasing their yield and product quality. It was established that on grey forest heavy loamy soil of the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region under conditions of acute moisture deficiency in May, June and early July 2023, the use of pre-planting soaking of early potato tubers of the Vega variety for 15 minutes in a solution of Tropikanka 1 fertiliser, obtained based on bird droppings, accelerated the growth and development of potatoes by seven days compared to the control (using water). The largest area of potato leaves was observed against the background of pre-planting treatment of tubers with Tropikanka 1 at a dilution of 1:100, exceeding the control by 1.8 times. The yield of early potato production (the beginning of the third decade of July) with a dilution of the drug 1: 100 is 1.7 times higher than the control. The total yield against the background of soaking tubers with Tropikanka 1 fertiliser for the Vega variety when diluting the drug 1: 100 reached up to 33.8 t/ha, which is 38% higher than the control. At the same time, the yield of marketable products increased to 30 t/ha, exceeding the control by 52 %. The quality indicatorsof commercial products also improved. When the drug was diluted 1:100, there was an increase in starch content by 0.2 %. The concentration of nitrates during the use of the medication is 6.5 times lower than the maximum permissible concentration for potatoes.

Characterization of the natural resource potential of the agricultural zone of the Krasnoyarsk territory

The aim of the study was to determine the natural resource potential of the agricultural territories in the agricultural regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and to investigate the fundamental characteristics of climatic conditions. Location and time of the study. The study utilized multi-year data (from 1978 to 2020) from 22 meteorological stations located in the natural districts of the Krasnoyarsk Territory to analyze climatic conditions. Methods. A georesource database was used to assess the natural resource potential (NRP), including information about soils, agroclimatic parameters, and their impact on agricultural crops. Soils and climatic parameters were ranked on a scale of 5 to 100. The NRP assessment was categorized as follows (points): 1–20 – low; 21–40 – below average; 41–60 – average; 61–80 – above average; 81–100 – high. Climatic conditions were analyzed based on multi-year data from meteorological stations in different natural regions of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, using trend analysis and data smoothing methods to identify dynamics. Results. The natural resource potential values vary from 32.5 points for the northern forest-steppe podzolic soils in the Kansk Natural District to 62.5 points for chernozems (black soils) in the northern forest-steppe of the South Minusinsk Natural District. Weighted average NRP values for the agricultural territories of the Krasnoyarsk Krai increase in the following sequence (points): subtaiga (38.0) – Kansk Natural District (45.4) –Krasnoyarsk Natural District (46.3) – Achinsk-Bogotol Natural District (47.4) – Chulymo-Yenisei Natural District (47.8) – Nazarovo Natural District (49.4) – South Minusinsk Natural District (54.3). Conclusions. Climate warming, accompanied by significant increases in summer and winter precipitation, milder winters, and prolonged growing seasons favorable for agricultural crops and varieties, will have a positive impact on the NRP of the region's agrolandscapes, promoting the development of commercial agriculture, especially in the forest-steppe zone. The range of agricultural crops and varieties may expand. Cultivating winter and hard wheat varieties is expected to become more effective. Improved natural conditions will contribute to bringing long abandoned lands into agricultural production. Changes in soil regimes and properties will lead to the transformation of agricultural crop cultivation technologies.

Properties of dark gray forest soil in the cultivation of cereals according to various basic processing systems

The purpose of the research is to establish the influence of various systems of basic dark gray forest soil processing with prolonged use on the transformation of the most important fertility elements. The results of prolonged (1988-2022) exposure to processing systems in the grain-steam crop rotation are presented: dead fallow, winter rye, spring wheat, spring barley, in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region of the Russian Federation. The basic tillage systems were compared: dump, non-dump, combined, differentiated, flat-cut, surface. The peculiarities of the transformation of fertility elements under prolonged exposure to basic processing systems of varying intensification degrees are determined. It was found that the long-term use of basic treatment systems of varying minimization degrees in conditions of complex chemicalization ensured the formation of water-physical properties, nutritional conditions and phytosanitary conditions in their values slightly inferior or close to the control version of the dump processing system. Tillage systems with minimization elements reduced the energy efficiency coefficient in comparison with the dump system against the background of fertilizer application by 4.5‑11.5%, against the background without fertilizers – by 7.7‑18.4%. The lowest decrease in efficiency in comparison with the dump processing system for both nutrient backgrounds was for the combined processing system – 4.5‑7.7 %.