Northeastern Part Of Hungary Research Articles

New occurrence of Myricaria germanica in a secondary habitat (NE Hungary)

In this paper, we report a new occurrence of Myricaria germanica (L.) Desf in a secondary habitat from the north-eastern part of Hungary, from the edge of the Bükk Mountains, in a slag dump in Miskolc. The plant is established on a steep wall formed during the extraction of slag. Due to the erosion of the wall, occasionally a few plants fall off. The age of the dead specimens is between 5 and 13 years, based on their growth rings. The population of about 50 individuals is the largest (but perhaps the only) living population of the species in Hungary. Other rare and protected species (Epilobium dodonaei Vill., Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants, Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P. Fuchs, Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth ex Mert.) have also been found in the slag heap area.

Javaslat az európai és hazai ajánlásokat követő lipidcsökkentő terápia hatékonyabb megvalósítására a magyarországi gyakorlatban akut koronáriaesemény utáni betegekben

The most recent studies and meta-analyses proved that the lipid lowering therapy, the lowering of LDL-cholesterol level has become the key element of the primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention. There is no difference which drug is used, but LDL-cholesterol must be decreased to the lowest achievable level, as soon, as long and as low, as possible. Obviously, it is clear as well, that if the risk is higher, the available benefit is greater. At the same time we have to recognise that in lipid lowering treatment of patients after acute coronary syndrome there is still remaining room and urgent task for improvement. The presidents and general secretaries of two medical associations, the Hungarian Society of Cardiology and the Hungarian Atherosclerosis Society, and the leaders of cardiology departments of four counties in the North-Eastern part of Hungary (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, Hajdú-Bihar and Békés) and a cardiologist working as a general practitioner too, developed a common action plan to improve the lipid lowering treatment in patients after ACS. Its key elements are: 1.) detailed instructions for patients about next steps on hospital discharge report; 2.) increased involvement of general practitioners; 3.) exact timing and raising awareness of follow-up examinations; 4.) accurate planning of laboratory controls; 5.) the better patient education. In order to improve long-term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, it would be important for all colleagues who are is involved in the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome, such as discharging cardiologists, caregiver specialists and general practitioners to routinely apply recommendations listed in this article. In this practice trained nurses could be involved as well, in addition the optimalisation of lipid lowering treatment is a therapeutic area too, where the advantage of telemedicine should be applied.

Digenean trematodes in Hungarian freshwater aquacultures

Occurrence of metacercariae of potentially zoonotic trematodes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) in the musculature of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758) was monitored in four Hungarian aquacultures. Four geographically distinct fish farms (located in the Northwestern, Southwestern, Northeastern and Southeastern parts of Hungary) were selected for the investigation. From each farm, a total of 258 one-summer-old fingerlings were sampled and examined in the years 2016 and 2017. In addition, in 2017, we examined 60 market size specimens (30 two-summers and 30 three-summers) sampled from the most infected aquaculture in the Northeastern part of Hungary. The fish were euthanized and decapitated whereafter their musculature (fillets) was digested in a pepsin solution to isolate metacercariae from the tissue whereafter morphological and molecular analyses (PCR and sequencing of ITS region) were performed. Opisthorchiid metacercariae were not recovered but in one of the farms numerous metacercariae were detected in the musculature of carp. They were identified as cyathocotylid trematodes based on their morphological characteristics and by sequencing the ITS region. The infection levels proved to be remarkably different among the four fish farms. Carps from the Northeastern farm were infected by large numbers of cyathocotylid metacercariae, while 8 Posthodiplostomum cuticola metacercariae were detected in the Northwestern aquaculture. In the other two farms (Southwestern and Southeastern) no infection was recorded. The infected farm is located close to a protected natural wetland habitat populated by a rich fauna of aquatic birds (potential final hosts) and snails (first intermediate host) which may create a higher risk of infection in the neighbouring fish farms.

Population Genetic Structure of the Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in the Carpathian Basin.

In the Carpathian Basin the wild boar (Sus scrofa) belongs among the most important game species both ecologically and economically, therefore knowing more about the basics of the genetics of the species is a key factor for accurate and sustainable management of its population. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity and to elucidate the genetic structure and location of wild boar populations in the Carpathian Basin. A total of 486 samples were collected and genotyped using 13 STR markers. The number of alleles varied between 4 and 14, at 9 of the 13 loci the observed heterozygosity was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the expected value, showing remarkable introgression in the population. The population was separated into two groups, with an Fst value of 0.03, suggesting the presence of two subpopulations. The first group included 147 individuals from the north-eastern part of Hungary, whereas the second group included 339 samples collected west and south of the first group. The two subpopulations’ genetic indices are roughly similar. The lack of physical barriers between the two groups indicates that the genetic difference is most likely caused by the high reproduction rate and large home range of the wild boars, or by some genetic traces’ having been preserved from both the last ice age and the period before the Hungarian water regulation.

Digenean Holostephanus (Trematoda: Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) metacercariae in common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) muscle: zoonotic potential and sensitivity to physico-chemical treatments.

Metacercariae of various species within the genus Holostephanus Szidat, 1936 (Trematoda: Digenea: Cyathocotylidae) occur in muscles of both farmed and wild fish, including common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758). The life cycle includes a snail as first intermediate host, fish as second intermediate host and birds or mammals as final hosts. We studied the zoonotic potential and the viability of Holostephanus metacercariae from common carp following exposure to various physical and chemical treatments. Muscle tissue samples of common carp specimens from a fish farm in the north-eastern part of Hungary were examined and metacercariae recovered. The zoonotic potential was evaluated experimentally by using small mammals as models (albino mice, n = 2; and Syrian hamsters, n = 4) infected per os with Holostephanus cysts. Parallelly, Metagonimus metacercariae were used as positive controls. We could not confirm the zoonotic potential of Holostephanus metacercariae as they did not survive in the mammalian intestine whereas Metagonimus metacercariae developed to the adult stage. We assessed the viability of metacercariae isolated from common carp specimens during exposure to different physical treatments (temperatures of -18°C, +20°C, +40°C and +60°C) and chemical agents (5% and 10% acetic acid and 10% sodium chloride (NaCl)). Metacercariae lost viability by freezing at -18°C (2 h), heating at 60°C (20 min), incubation in 5% and 10% acetic acid (5 min) and 10% NaCl (2 h). These methods served as models to investigate the effectiveness of food preparation techniques (such as cold and hot smoking, freezing, salting and pickling) on the survival of metacercariae.

Opportunities of re-establishing underground mining in the borsod coal basin in north-eastern Hungary

Abstract Numerous underground coal mines were in operation in the Borsod coal basin in northeastern part of Hungary until the beginning of this century. The main area of utilization of the mined out coal beside power and heat generation was supplying households with fuel mostly for heating. In the beginning of the 1990ies the power plants in question were shut down for economic, environmental and technical reasons. Consequently all the mines were closed no later than 2004 and thousands of miners lost their jobs. A new perspective of coal mining can be enabled by other ways of utilization of coal, e.g. coal chemistry, etc. Safe and modern equipment and technology enabling high output, clean coal, furthermore high rate of yield are targeted. Opportunity of sustainable underground coal mining in the north-eastern part of Hungary is discussed in the paper. Analysis of the properties of coal deposits using three-dimensional (3D) modelling are used for considering opportunities of new mining operations. Models are being developed.

Maternal genetic variation in the northeastern Hungarian fallow deer (Dama dama) population

Hungary has one of the strongest fallow deer (Dama dama dama) populations in the world. This is confirmed by the fact that the latest two world-record trophies were bagged at Gúth in northeastern Hungary. Despite this, no information about the genetic diversity or structure of this population has been published. In this work, we present a first assessment of the maternal genetic variability of the fallow deer populations in northeastern part of Hungary. We sequenced 41 animals for a 450 fragment of the control region of mitochondrial DNA. Three haplotypes were detected, and two of them were novel. An alignment was created using our sequences together with an additional 39 mtDNA control-region haplotypes (comprising 218 sequences) downloaded from GenBank. The results based on phylogenetic trees (Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood) and median-joining network showed distinct groups: (1) including fallow deer from Italy and Germany; (2) contained samples from Iberia (Spain and Portugal); (3) included Rhodian and a few Italian fallow deers; (4) comprised sequences from Canada, Africa, the Middle East, and across Europe (including Hungary) and (5) including individuals from Anatolia (Turkey), which showed a lower level of mitochondrial diversity compared to the other groups. BAPS program suggested 8 clusters within fallow deer sequences. All our sequences from northeastern Hungary fell into one cluster. AMOVA analysis showed that 87.47% of the genetic variation was included among the BAPS clusters and 12.53% of the variations was observed within the eight clusters. The neutrality tests indicate that populations belong to cluster1 (Italian and German fallow deer) may have experienced recent population expansion event. It is also clearly apparent that the current patterns of genetic diversity are mainly influenced by anthropogenic factors.

Clinico-pathological features of papillary thyroid cancer coexistent with Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Former studies suggest the frequent coexistence of Hashimoto's thyreoditis with papillary thyroid cancer, frequently featured by multifocal carcinogenesis but lower clinical stages compared to thyroid cancers lacking thyroiditis. We examined the clinico-pathological correlations between Hashimoto's thyroditis and papillary thyroid cancer in our region in the North-Eastern part of Hungary. We included a total of 230 patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent thyroid surgery at the Surgical Department of the University of Debrecen. Patients' sex, age, multifocality of thyroid cancer and clinical stage were evaluated. Cases included 40 patients (17.4%) with (4 male, 36 female) and 190 (82.6%) patients without HT (44 male, 146 female). Hashimoto's thyroiditis related thyroid cancer was almost exclusively associated with the papillary histological type. Multifocality of papillary cancer was significantly more frequent with coexisting Hashimoto's thyroiditis (16/40; 40.0%) compared to cases uninvolved (45/190; 23.7%; p = 0.034). In contrast, lymph node metastasis was significantly less frequent among patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (4 pN1 [36.4%]; 7 pN0 [63.6%]) then without it (34 pN1 [82.9%]; 7 pN0 [17.1%]; p = 0.002). Higher frequency and multifocality of papillary thyroid cancer might be the consequence of preexisting Hashimoto's thyroiditis to be considered as a preneoplastic stimulus supporting carcinogenesis, though the exact pathomechanism of this correlation is not clear yet. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(5), 178-182.

Petrographic comparison of four recent stalagmites from Baradla Cave Hungary - implications for the paleoclimate interpretation

Baradla Cave is a world heritage site situated in the northeastern part of Hungary. The cave itself formed supposedly from the Pliocene in Mesozoic marine carbonates and today has a total length of 25 km. The climate of the area is continental most of the precipitation arrives during early-summer, however, the main infiltration period is from November to April when precipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. According to recent monitoring data, temperature in the cave varies around 9.8°C throughout the year while the pCO 2 of the cave air follows a seasonal cycle. The CO 2 mixing ratio is highest (~4200 ppm) during the summer and lowest during in winter (~1600 ppm)

Morphological classification of conspecific birds from closely situated breeding areas – A case study of the Common Nightingale

Abstract In this paper, a complex morphological comparison of four Common Nightingale groups (Luscinia megarhynchos) is demonstrated. In total, 121 territorial nightingales were mist-netted and measured individually on four study areas called ‘Bódva’, ‘Felső-Tisza’, ‘Szatmár-Bereg’ and ‘Bátorliget’ in the North-Eastern part of Hungary in 2006–2013. To distinguish groups by morphology, Classification and Regression Trees (CART), Random Forest (RF) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) methods were used. Comparison of the four studied Common Nightingale groups shows substantial morphological differences in the length of the second, the third and the fourth primaries (P2, P3, P4), in bill length (BL) and bill width (BW), while other characteristics showed greater similarities. Based on the results of all the applied classification methods, birds originated from Szatmár-Bereg were clearly distinguishable from the others. The differences in morphology can be explained by interspecific competition or phenotypic plasticity resulting from the change of ecological, environmental parameters. Our case study highlights the advantageous differences of the classification methods to distinguish groups with similar morphology and to choose important variables for classification. In conclusion, broad application of the classification methods RF and CART is highly recommended in comparative ecological studies.

Drought stress monitoring by laboratory and satellite spectral methods in an apple orchard

An orchard can be examined on the basis of spectral data, using such methods with which the reflected radiation can be divided into a large number of (several hundreds) small spectral channel (some nm). Based on the spectral characteristics of the canopy, or the different index numbers calculated from hyperspectral data the water supply conditions of foliage can be well characterized. The research site is an intensive apple orchard, which located in Debrecen University, Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Sciences, Farm and Regional Research Institute at Pallag. During our experiments the evaluation of spectral, non-invasive measurement method are carried out for detecting stress symptoms caused by drought. Furthermore, MODIS NDVI time series data were analyzed for orchards situated in North-Eastern part of Hungary in drought effected and wet years in order to detect differences. Significant differences in NDVI values were detected after the end of June.

Early distribution and spread of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in Central and Eastern Europe

The introduction and early spread of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in Central and Eastern Europe were reconstructed based on a study of all herbarium specimens of common ragweed deposited at six herbaria in Austria, Hungary and Serbia. More than 450 specimens were examined and the oldest ones, collected from 1907 to 1927, were used to map the historical spread of this highly allergenic invasive weed in this region. The herbarium records back-date the first known introduction of this noxious weed to Central and Eastern Europe as well as its early spread on the Danube-Tisza Plain, and in the North-Eastern part of Hungary. The data also confirm that the introduction of common ragweed to Central and Eastern Europe took place later than its introduction to the Western part of the continent.

Association between the Epstein-Barr Virus and Hodgkin’s Lymphoma in the North-Eastern Part of Hungary: Effects on Therapy and Survival

This retrospective study included 109 patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL; 45 females, 64 males). In 47 of the 109 HL patients (43%), immunohistochemical analysis of their formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded histologic samples revealed Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) by latent membrane protein (LMP) 1. The highest virus association (50%) was found with the mixed cellularity histologic subtype, especially in patients aged 11–20 and >50 years. Virus positivity in nodular sclerosis was 35% (negative cases accumulated in patients aged 15–30 years). Regarding clinical stages, histologic subtypes, general symptoms, treatments employed and response to treatment, the EBV-positive group was not significantly different from the virus-negative group. During the mean follow-up time of 83 months (9–300 months), the overall or event-free survival of EBV-negative patients was more favorable than that of EBV-positive patients, although the difference was not significant (p = 0.16 and p = 0.24, respectively). EBV infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of HL in our Hungarian study cohort, but it does not significantly affect clinical symptoms, therapeutic results or complete and event-free survival of HL patients.

NATURAL DEOXYNIVALENOL (DON) CONTAMINATION OF WHEAT SAMPLES GROWN IN 1998 AS DETERMINED BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

A high-performance liquid chromatography--diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method was developed for determining the deoxynivalenol (DON) content of wheat and other cereals. The samples were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and water (84 + 16). Part of the extract was evaporated and purified on Florisil and activated charcoal columns. HPLC separation was performed on a C18 column, using acetonitrile-water (8 + 92) as eluent. Diode array detection (DAD) was performed at 218 and 236 nm, by determination of the UV spectrum. Quantitative analysis was carried out by the external standard method, using the UV spectrum obtained by DAD for confirmation. The recovery rate of DON was 75 +/- 3.1% and the detection limit was 0.05 mg/kg DON. Using this method, the DON content of 99 feeding wheat samples grown in the northeastern part of Hungary in 1998 was determined. Eighty-eight percent of the samples originating from three counties contained 0.94 mg/kg DON on the average. The highest individual value was 4.3 mg/kg. DON contamination of wheat was of higher prevalence (100%) and severity (0.27-4.3 mg/kg) in the southeastern county of Békés than in Szabolcs county located in the northeastern part of Hungary (ratio of positive samples: 82%; DON concentration: 0.05-1.3 mg/kg). The higher than usual DON contamination of feeding wheat can be explained by the rainy summer weather. DON contamination of feeding wheat poses a major risk to the production and animal health status of pig herds.

Correction of atmospheric effects of satellite remote sensing data (Landsat MSS-NOAA AVHRR) for surface canopy investigations

Abstract A new correction method for atmospheric effects in Landsat-MSS and NOAA AVHRR data is presented which uses only the remotely-sensed multispectral data. The method is based on a new quasi-single-variable radiative transfer model, and as a first step we assumed that the surface is covered by vegetation. For Landsat-MSS data the method was developed for the tasseled cap indices using known empirical relationships among them. For NOAA AVHRR data ‘ cap-like’ indices and the average reflectance of the average canopy in the visible band known from Landsat-MSS data were used. The method was used in yield forecasting project in north-eastern part of Hungary and provided a significant enhancement in the quality of remotely sensed data.

Assessment of the sensitivity of the landscape in a sample area in Hungary for climatic variability

AbstractIn the northeastern part of Hungary near the township of Tokaj a landscape research project has been performed in a 9 km2 area. The aim of this study is to examine the possibilities of expressing the climatic sensitivity of the given small landscape unit by analysing the capabilities of such a small sample area and synthésizing the data obtained. The landscape analysis consisted of field and laboratory measurements, theoretical calculations, analyses of maps, as well as the construction of thematic maps (on the scale of 1:10000) and cartograms.In view of climatic sensitivity four of the landscape factors were regarded as crucial: (1) the water budget of the soils, (2) the thickness of the soils and loose sediments, (3) insolation, and (4) land use. By synthesis of these factors a five‐grade climatic sensitivity map was produced. On the basis of the areal proportion of the different classes of sensitivity it was established that the study area is moderately sensitive to climate. Examination of the moisture content of soil clearly indicated different responses of the areas from the different sensitivity classes to changes in temperature and precipitation. The four main landscape factors selected proved to be useful in the rough delineation of the classes on the climatic sensitivity map. However, the use of the other landscape factors improved its accuracy.

TIDAL PHENOMENA IN THE KARSTIC WATER LEVEL

Abstract In the north-eastern part of Hungary, in the vicinity of the Josvafo Karst Research Station, there are two karstic springs of siphonal eruption. On the basis of the periodicity of the eruptions, it can be assumed that water yield may be influenced by a tidal phenomenon of the karstic water level. Systematic measurements and their manifold interpretations have proved the correctness of this assumption. The narrowing-widening of the lithoclases of the water-bearing strata was measured simultaneously with spring measurements. A close relationship was found to exist between the variation of gravity and the changes in the size of the lithoclases; the results providing information on tidal phenomena occurring in the solid crust. At the same time, it has been ascertained that the influence of the variation of the gravitation field can be shown to have affected the yield of non-siphonal karstic springs as well.