North-Western Black Sea Region Research Articles

Peronospora odessana sp. nov., a downy mildew pathogen of a Tertiary relict species, Gymnospermium odessanum

A new species of Peronospora is described from Gymnospermium odessanum, a rare spring geophyte considered a Tertiary relict in the northwestern Black Sea region of Ukraine, Moldova and Romania. Phylogenetic analyses based on a combined matrix of the internal transcribed spacer-large subunit (ITS-LSU) ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and cox2 genes demonstrate that it is a clearly distinct undescribed species. Morphological descriptions and illustrations of its oospores, conidiophores and conidia are provided. Despite its distinctive disease symptoms, the species has remained undetected until now, probably due to the rarity of its host. Peronospora odessana is the second species from Berberidaceae and is morphologically clearly distinct from P. achlydis on Achlys japonicus. The closest relatives of P. odessana were not revealed, but it is closely related to Peronospora bulbocapni, P. dicentrae and P. chrysosplenii, the hosts of which are also spring geophytes. Sequence data confirm that cox1 and cox2 are good barcoding loci; they show a similar number of nucleotide differences to its closest relatives.

PHOSPHATE-MOBILIZING BACTERIA IN WATER COLUMN AND SEDIMENTS OF ESTUARIES OF NORTH-WESTERN BLACK SEA REGION

Number of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria has been investigated in the water column and in the sediments of the estuaries of North-Western Black Sea Region.The aim was to determine the number of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria in the water column and bottom sediments of estuaries17 samples of water and bottom substrates from coastal area in each estuary in July-August 2012.The highest abundance of soluble inorganic compounds and organic phosphorus compounds in the sediments was observed in Khadzhibey (an average 85.8 thousand CFU/g) and Dofinovskiy Limans (331.6 thousand CFU/g) respectively; the lowest – in the Tiligul Liman (9.5 and 40.3 thousand CFU/g). The greatest number of microorganisms in the water column observed in Dofinovskiy (17.0 thousand CFU/g) and Grigorievskiy Limans (13.8 thousand CFU/g), respectively, the lowest – in Tiligul Liman (1.6 and 1.4 thousand CFU/g). A significant part of phosphate-mobilizing bacteriaaccumulates in sediments of estuaries, where their abundance is 10-100 times more than in the samples ofOdessaregion shelf of North-Western Black Sea Region. In the water column the difference in these water bodies is 2.0-2.5 times. The data on the number of phosphate-mobilizing bacteria in the limans of North-Western Black Sea Region may be one of indicators of eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems.

NATURAL CONDITIONS OF COASTAL AND NEAR-COASTAL TERRITORIES OF ESTUARIES ALLOCATED IN THE NORTH-WESTERN BLACK SEA REGION AND THEIR SOIL FORMATION POTENTIAL

The aim of this research resides in uncovering links between the specific factors of the soil formation processes and the peculiarities of soils which are being formed in the coastal and near-coastal territories of the estuaries allocated in the North-Western Black Sea Region. Reserach object focuses on the natural conditions of the the coastal and near-coastal territories of the estuaries as the soil formation factors. In its turn, the research subject addresses the natural soil formation conditions and their role and potential in shaping the soils within the researched territory. In the result of the research there have been outlined natural conditions of the coastal and near-coastal territories of the North-Western Black Sea estuaries. The landscape as a factor which influences and specifies other soil formation factors have been described. It has been established that the geomorphological conditions and processes taking place in the coastal and near-coastal territories contribute to the aclimatic divergence and formation of the azonic and intrazonal soil types (in particular, one should note the emergence of the meadow black soil, alluvial meadow saline, saline gley, meadow marsh, marsh gley, short profile black soil, and other types of soils). The research results have been confirmed by the field and laboratory analysis of the morphology, consistence, and peculiarities of soils of different geomorphologic and hypsometric layers within the research territory.

BALNEOLOGIC, BALNEOMUD AND CLIMATIC RECREATIONAL RESOURCES NORTH-WESTERN BLACK SEA COAST IN RESORT FUNCTION OF REGION

Balneology and climate balneomud recreational resources are an important component of recovery, treatment and rehabilitation of all population groups. The most modern and equipped resorts North-Western Black Sea can potentially significantly increase its contribution to improving the quality of life of the population and the resort functions of region. This article discusses some of the profiling of the Black Sea and recreation systems balneomud climatetype, and the use of their resources. Objective of this paper is to study mineral and mud resources of the most important territorial recreation systems of the three regions of the North-Western Black Sea region of Ukraine: Odessa, Mykolayiv and Kherson in terms of their recreational and tourist use, aswell as to diversify the socio-economic features of the region. We used the methods of content analysis of the literature and reporting information, statistical processing of data, estimates Bonitation factors functioning and development of recreation systems. Having studied in this research balneotherapy, mud-bath and climatic resources in the most perspective recreational systems Northwestern Black Sea resorts on the example ofOdessa, Nikolaev, Kherson region, we have identified the characteristics of their recreational and tourist use, socio-economic functions of these regions. By systematizing and analyzing the data, a table Bonitation rated resorts Kuyalnik, Lebedevka, Sergeevka, Ochakov Rybakovka, Gopri, skadovsk that defines recreational potential areas on the main indicators. The highest score (29) received resorts Kuyalnik and Skadovsk mainly due to tourism infrastructure and a well-developed social and economic spheres. Fewer points (27) observein resorts Sergeevka, Ochakov, Gopri the territories which received low marks cultural-historical and socio-economic factors. The lowest score (22 and 25) counted resorts Lebedevka and Rybakovka in terms of natural, cultural-historical, infrastructural and socio-economic factors. For further use of the recreational areas considered necessary to create individual programsto improve the tourist potential of resorts that would include data on the degree of development of various factors affecting the increase or decrease of capacity to function of resorts and the region as a whole.

Simulation of forest harvesting alternative processes and concept design ofan innovative skidding winch focused on productivity improvement

In contexts in which mechanized harvesting is limited, such as in the northwestern Black Sea region of Turkey, it is important to improve timber harvesting productivity while preserving operators' safety and reducing environmental damage. This study aims to introduce a methodology in which the harvesting process is simulated with discrete-event simulation (DES) software in order to identify bottlenecks. An alternative process is compared to the original within the DES software, carrying out further steps oriented to the generation of new innovative product concepts. As a case study, the design of an innovative skidding winch is proposed. The development of the product was focused towards customer satisfaction by collecting customer requirements and identifying quality characteristics with a quality function deployment approach. Contradictions identified in the design phase were solved using the TRIZ contradiction toolkit, generating different product concepts. Inventive solutions provided by TRIZ were designed within parametric CAD software. The concepts were compared in a virtual environment, eventually selecting an optimal solution. The results showed that, with the concept adopted, it is possible to achieve a substantial increase in productivity, from 121% to 133%, in terms of kilograms of logs per hour deposited on the landing.

Population Size and Age Structure of Metamorphic and Pedomorphic Forms ofOmmatotriton ophryticus(Berthold, 1846) in the Northwestern Black Sea Region of Turkey

Abstract Amphibians are in decline in many parts of the world. Understanding the population dynamics of amphibian species is an important prerequisite for developing effective conservation strategies. We used capture–mark–recapture and skeletochronological techniques to investigate population size, body size, and age structure of metamorphic and pedomorphic forms of Ommatotriton ophryticus between 2006 and 2009 in the northwestern Black Sea region of Turkey. Our findings showed that time-specific survival rate, constant capture probability, no temporary emigration, and time-specific population size were the most appropriate models for this population. According to the best model (Model 6), population size of metamorphic forms of O. ophryticus was estimated as 517 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 338–851) adults in 2006, 338 (95% CI = 282−421) adults in 2008, and 527 (95% CI = 443–646) adults in 2009. Average annual capture probability was estimated at 0.21, although average survival rate across years was 0...

Фауна костистих риб пізнього меотису Північно-Західного Причорномор’я

Results of studying fossil bony fish fauna from the three Late Maeotian localities in the North-Western Black Sea region – Orikhivka, Andriivka and Novoukrainka 1 – are presented. 15 species of 11 genera and 3 orders (Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Esociformes) were identified. Еcological analysis of the Late Maeotian ichthyofaunistic complexes of Southern Ukraine is presented. Core complex composed by representatives of the family Cyprinidae. Herbivorous, malacophages, carnivorous and omnivorous forms were found in all communities. The species composition of fish fauna is characterizing reservoirs with different conditions of existence: heavily overgrown parts warmed bed with sandy bottom and a slow stream; muddy shallow areas with warm water; rapids with moderate to speed flow; deep sloughs and backwaters. Keywords: bony fishes, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Esociformes, Late Maeotian, MN 13, Novoukrainka 1, Andriivka, Orikhivka, North-Western Black Sea region.

Transition from hunter-gatherer to productive economy in North-Western Black Sea region: contemporary paradigm of studies in the light of Black Sea level changes

Transition from hunter-gatherer to productive economy in North-Western Black Sea region: contemporary paradigm of studies in the light of Black Sea level changes

Predicting natural disasters in the coastal zone based on links between land and marine ecosystems

The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used for the analysis of ecological characteristics of the northwestern Black Sea region, which includes significant coastal territories and sea water areas along the northwest coast of the Black Sea. In the present study the following data were used: (1) NDVI and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) spatial distribution data for the period 1997–2008 for southern areas of the Ukraine around the Black Sea (prepared in the USA from NOAA's GVI2 dataset), (2) 1998–2008 NDVI data derived from MODIS (Aqua and Terra) visible channels and SeaWiFS scanners. It is shown that in the integrated land–marine ecosystem in the coastal zone, NDVI can be used as an indicator for hazards such as hypoxia, hydrosulphuric infection and eutrophication.

The colour/pattern polymorphism of Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) in the north-western Black Sea region of Turkey

The heritable elytral colour/pattern polymorphism of Philaenus spumarius in north-western Black Sea region of Turkey was investigated. A total of 2,530 adult spittlebugs, 1,020 females and 1,510 males were collected and analysed in terms of the 11 most common colour forms. Nine different phenotypes, expressed by six different alleles, were determined: populi (POP), typicus (TYP), trilineatus (TRI), marginellus (MAR), flavicollis (FLA), leucocephalus (LCE), gibbus (GIB), albomaculatus (ALB), and leucophtalmus (LOP). The common phenotypes lateralis (LAT) and quadrimaculatus (QUA) of previous studies were not encountered at all. The predominant phenotype was TYP (63%) in females and males followed by POP (31%). TRI (4%) and melanics (5%) were at close proportions. However, only one site had nine phenotypes altogether. The majority of the sites had only the POP and TYP morphs. The melanic forms were found only in females.

Untersuchungen über physikalische und mechanische Eigenschaften der Bornmüllerstanne (Abies Bornmülleriana Mattfeld)

One of the more abundant softwood trees found in the north western part of the Blacksea- and Marmarasearegion in Turkey is Bornmuller fir (Abies Bornmulleriana Mattfeld) In order to provide basic information promoting the best utilisation of this species investigation were made about some physical and mechanical properties of its wood. Material for testing was secured from 11 representative trees located in the Forests near Duzce and Bolu in the northwestern Blacksearegion of north Anatolia. The topography was mountainous. Absolute elevation of the collection area was about between 1000 and 1400 m. Trees were from 40 to 50 cm in diameter at breast height. Estimated age of the trees ranged from 126 to 213 years. Variation of annual ring width, specific gravity, the effect of annual ring width on specific gravity of the wood, shrinkage, fiber-saturation point, moisture content of wood in the living tree, maximum moisture content of wood were determined. The mechanical properties determined from the tests on the air-dry material were: compression parallel to the grain, static bending, tension perpendicular to the grain, impact strength, cleavage, Brinell hardness.