North Sinai Research Articles

Antifungal Activity of Green Silver Nanoparticles from Extract of North Sinai's Cleome Amblyocarpa

Antifungal Activity of Green Silver Nanoparticles from Extract of North Sinai's Cleome Amblyocarpa

Influence of Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata on Blood Constituents, Reproductive Performance and Productivity in Hi-Plus Doe Rabbits Under North Sinai Conditions in Egypt

Influence of Microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata on Blood Constituents, Reproductive Performance and Productivity in Hi-Plus Doe Rabbits Under North Sinai Conditions in Egypt

Effect of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae on different stages of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae)

The sand fly, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli, 1786) (Diptera: Psychodidae), is the main vector of Leishmania major Yakimoff and Schokhor, 1914, the causative agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis North Africa, the Middle East, and North Sinai. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fungi on P. papatasi larvae, pupae, and adults using light microscopic analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and histopathological studies. Specifically, larvae, pupae, and adult P. papatasi were infected with the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae. Scanning electron microscope and histopathological methods were used to investigate the destructive impact of the fungi on the external and internal structures of P. papatasi. The results revealed propagation of the conidia on the cuticles of all P. papatasi life stages, including on the compound eyes, leg setae, thorax, wings, and abdomen of the adults. Histological sections of the control and treated larvae, pupae, and adults showed many alterations and malformations in the body and tissues of all life stages after 72 h. These results demonstrated that B. bassiana was more effective than M. anisopliae as a biological control of phlebotomine sand flies. Further studies to determine the best methods for delivery and application in the diverse ecological settings of the various leishmaniasis vectors are recommended.

The Hebrew Exodus from and Jeremiah’s Eisodus into Egypt in the Light of Recent Archaeological and Geological Developments

Egyptian texts mention two bodies of water on Egypt’s eastern frontier with Sinai, _š-ḥr_ and _p3 t̲wfy_, the latter of which is mentioned in connection with the Exodus (as יַם־סוּף – _yam suf_), while the former occurs in Jeremiah 2:18. Recent palaeoenvironmental work conducted by the North Sinai Archaeological Project, which was in the field from 1998 to 2008 and directed by the author, has shed new light on these bodies of water and the roles they played in the biblical events involving entering and departing Egypt. The 2019 publication of the geological data now allows one to offer some insights into these ancient lakes. Supplemented by new archaeological discoveries, elements of the routes of both journeys can be elucidated.

The effect of shape hollow block brick on the economy and the heat transfer coefficient

The building is the main place for humans to feel safe and comfortable. Also, the building does not depend on economic dimension only but depends on the social and environmental dimensions. For that, it is very important to achieve thermal comfort in the building to increase people’s ability to be productive and feel comfortable. It notes that the highest ratio of building constructed with a brick of concrete in North Sinai – Egypt. Therefore, giving special attention to making the building constructed with a brick of concrete low cost is very essential in maintaining the cohesion of the three dimensions of green architecture building. Therefore, the study will include changing the shape of the concrete hollow brick with the same materials and its ratio in manufacturing. To construct the building in less time and decrease construction laborer and the material which use in construction. Also, the study will include some cross sections in external walls to achieve the most suitable section in-wall appropriate with the environment of north Sinai that decreases the overall heat transfer coefficient on the wall of the building. Additionally, that compares the cost of building for the traditional building constructed by brick of concrete with the building constructed by new brick of concrete. Finding will improve the economic and environmental dimension for building constructed with new concrete brick, which can impact directly in the social dimension. Because using the new hollow brick will decrease the energy consumption and the cost with a ratio of 7% in every part during a building’s life cycle.

Study of Some Potential Wild Plants as a Biofuel Source

Abstract: In this study, three of Egyptian Artemisia monosperma and two Tetraena simplex plants genotypes were selected from sinai, Egypt and used to cold pressing method for extract crude oil from Artemisia monosperma and Tetraena simplex dry plants., the obtained results could be summarized as the following:- the genotypes to north Sinai under study produced about 28% of crude oil by weight per kg of the dry Artemisia plant. But with regard to, estimation of fatty acids concentration in Artemisia plant of north Sinai so that to the fatty acids (FAA) and also are the genotypes to South Sinai under study produced crude oil by weight per kg of the dry Tetraena simplex plant. But with regard to, estimation of fatty acids concentration in Artemisia plant of north Sinai so that to seven to fatty acids (FAA) so that to the results showed that the genotypes were different in concentrations of fatty acids to Artemisia monosperma plant. So, genotype No. 2 (G. 2) showed a highest concentrations of sample, as 2.73% capric acid, 4.42% Palmitic acid, 5.32% Lauric acid, 39.19% Heneicosanoic acid and also the results showed that the genotypes were different in concentrations of fatty acids to Tetraena simplex plant, so showed a highest concentrations of sample (G2) 7.34% Stearic acid and 2.9 Oleic, than also to (G1).64 Stearic acid and .49 Oleic.

Performance of some elite potato cultivars under abiotic stress at North Sinai

The current experiment was adopted during the summer 2018, fall 2018/2019 and summer 2019 respectively at the Experimental Farm of Baloza station, Desert Research Center. North Sinai Governorate, Egypt to study the effect of different doses of irradiation (0, 20, 30 and 40 Gy), three irrigation levels (100, 80 and 60% field capacity on growth, yield and its quality of some potato cultivars (Spunta, Cara, Caruso and Hermes). Treated Spunta cultivar pre planting with 20 (Gy) and irrigated with 80% field capacity was the best treatment for increasing number of aerial stem/plants, leaf area, total chlorophyll in leaves, average tuber weight, and total yield/fed. Hermes cultivar with 20 (Gy) and irrigation level of 80% was the best for increasing dry matter content in tuber in both mutagenic generations.

Allogenic and autogenic controls on facies and stratigraphic architecture of the Lower Jurassic Mashabba Formation, Gebel Al-Maghara, North Sinai, Egypt

The Lower Jurassic Mashabba Formation crops out in the core of the doubly plunging Al-Maghara anticline, North Sinai, Egypt. It represents a marine to terrestrial succession deposited within a rift basin associated with the opening of the Neotethys. Despite being one of the best and the only exposed Lower Jurassic strata in Egypt, its sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic framework has not been addressed yet. The formation is subdivided informally into a lower and upper member with different depositional settings and sequence stratigraphic framework. The sedimentary facies of the lower member include shallow-marine, fluvial, tidal flat and incised valley fill deposits. In contrast, the upper member consists of strata with limited lateral extension including fossiliferous lagoonal limestones alternating with burrowed deltaic sandstones. The lower member contains three incomplete sequences (SQ1-SQ3). The depositional framework shows transgressive middle shoreface to offshore transition deposits sharply overlain by forced regressive upper shoreface sandstones (SQ1), lowstand fluvial to transgressive tidal flat and shallow subtidal sandy limestones (SQ2), and lowstand to transgressive incised valley fills and shallow subtidal sandy limestones (SQ3). In contrast, the upper member consists of eight coarsening-up depositional cycles bounded by marine flooding surfaces. The cycles are classified as carbonate-dominated, siliciclastic-dominated, and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate. The strata record rapid changes in accommodation space. The unpredictable facies stacking pattern, the remarkable rapid facies changes, and chaotic stratigraphic architecture suggest an interplay between allogenic and autogenic processes. Particularly syndepositional tectonic pulses and occasional eustatic sea-level changes controlled the rate and trends of accommodation space, the shoreline morphology, the amount and direction of siliciclastic sediment input and rapid switching and abandonment of delta systems.

New prospective gas plays in pliocene sands, offshore Nile Delta Basin: A case study from Kamose-1 well at North Sinai Concession, Egypt

The Pliocene sands in the offshore parts of the Nile Delta Basin represent significant gas reservoirs. Several targets have been recently discovered in different places along the offshore Nile Delta Basin. The present work focuses on the possibility of discovering new natural gas resources at North Sinai Concession through an integrated method between seismic and well logs data interpretations. A case study from Kamose-1 Well at Kamose Field, North Sinai Concession has been examined. The quantitative explanation for the well log data of Kamose-1 Well has revealed two zones expected to be gas-bearing zones. These intervals are located between depths; 1174–1186 m (zone I) and between 1429 and 1503 m (zone II). The calculated petrophysical parameters for these zones exhibit low water saturation (24–43%), high effective porosity (30–31%), low shale volume (21–26%), high total porosity (37–38%) and low bulk volume of water (0.07–0.12). Zone II (74 m thick) shows a clear bright spot on the seismic profiles covering the study area, while, zone I is beyond seismic resolution (12 m thick). Several seismic bright spots have been outlined on the seismic data nearby Kamose-1 Well. The comparison between the newly outlined seismic bright spots with the drilled one in Kamose-1 Well exhibited a great similarity. Accordingly, these prospects are expected to be new targets for gas exploration in the Pliocene succession at North Sinai Concession.

Rudists (Bivalvia) from a Cretaceous Platform in Northern Egypt: Taxonomy and Paleobiogeography

AbstractNew well‐preserved rudist materials come from the Barremian–Turonian marine formations in the Yelleg, Minsherah, Maaza, and Raghawi sections in North Sinai, northern Egypt. There, 17 discovered rudist species belonging to 13 genera and seven taxonomic families are described in detail as follows: Eoradiolites plicatus (Conrad), Eoradiolites liratus (Conrad), Praeradiolites ponsianus (d'Archiac), Archaeoradiolites sp., Bournonia africana Douvillé, Bournonia fourtaui Douvillé, Biradiolites lombricalis (d'Orbigny), Biradiolites zumoffeni Douvillé, Radiolites lewyi lewyi Parnes, Radiolites sauvagesi (d'Hombres‐Firmas), Durania arnaudi (Choffat), Toucasia carinata (Matheron), Toucasia sp., Neocaprina raghawiensis Steuber and Bachmann, Sellaea sp., Ichthyosarcolites sp. and Horoiopleura sp.. The Cenomanian deposits in the northern Eastern desert of Egypt only contain E. liratus. The domination of the Cenomanian rudist species in North Sinai, however, is attributed to changes in the platform, which passes mainly from carbonate in the north to siliciclastics in the south. The presence of Horiopleura sp. in the late Barremian–early Aptian deposits is documented for the first time, which suggests the expansion of taxa of the genus Horiopleura Douvillé to North Sinai during this interval. The age of the rudist species is documented from the late Barremian–Turonian formations, with their geographic distribution in the Mediterranean region considered.

Effect of Magnetic Water Irrigation and Biochar on Fruiting and Fruit Characteristics of Hayany Date Palm Cultivar under North Sinai Conditions

Effect of Magnetic Water Irrigation and Biochar on Fruiting and Fruit Characteristics of Hayany Date Palm Cultivar under North Sinai Conditions

Molecular Investigation of Fowl Aviadenovirus in Broiler Flocks in North Sinai Province

Molecular Investigation of Fowl Aviadenovirus in Broiler Flocks in North Sinai Province

Cross-sectional seasonal prevalence and relative risk of ectoparasitic infestations of rodents in North Sinai, Egypt.

Background and Aim:Rodents are ubiquitous animals that host ectoparasites and transmit zoonotic diseases. We conducted a cross-sectional study on the seasonal variation, period prevalence (Pp), and relative risk of ectoparasitic infestations in rodents collected in North Sinai, Egypt, from September 2019 to August 2020.Materials and Methods:We captured 380 rodents during the study period. Rodents were euthanized to perform species identification, and 2930 external parasites were collected and identified using light microscopic examination with systemic keys depending on morphological characters.Results:Rattus norvegicus (brown rat), Rattus rattus frugivorus (white-bellied rat), Rattus rattus alexandrines (gray-bellied rat), and Mus musculus domesticus (house mouse) were captured at the highest frequencies during summer (n=186), followed by spring (n=84), fall (n=71), and winter (n=39), with a higher proportion of males captured in all seasons. Analysis of the infestation Pp revealed highly significant increases (p<0.01) in ectoparasites during the winter. Temperature, humidity, and dew point were significantly (p<0.01) correlated with the numbers of captured and infested rodents. Parasitological examinations showed the higher risks of flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea, Xenopsylla cheopis, and Leptopsylla segnis) and lice (Hoplopleura hirsuta, Hoplopleura ocanthopus, Hoplopleura oenomydis, and Polyplax spinulosa) infestations during winter and mite (Laelaps nuttalli, Dermanyssus gallinae, Ornithonyssus bacoti, and Myobia musculi) infestations during summer.Conclusion:We conclude that ectoparasitic infestation prevalence and risk varies with predominating macroclimatic conditions. Strict preventive and biosecurity measures should be applied to combat rodent-related problems.

Gas-generative potential for the post-Messinian megasequence of Nile Delta Basin: a case study of Tao Field, North Sinai Concession, Egypt

The main aim of the article is to evaluate the gas potentiality for the post-Messinian megasequence in TAO Field, North Sinai Concession, offshore Nile Delta Basin. The detailed petrophysical analysis for three deviated wells in the study area (Tao-3 ST1 Well, Tao-5 STA Well and Tao-7 Well) revealed that the Pliocene Kafr El-Sheikh Formation includes eleven gas-bearing zones. These zones were named: A, B, C in Tao-3 ST1 Well and D, E, F in Tao-5 STA Well. In Tao-7 Well, the interesting zones are named G, H, I, J and K. All of these sandy intervals are relatively shallow in depth and differ in thickness between 4 and 56 m. These zones are characterized by shale volume (10%), total porosity (30–40%), effective porosity (30–35%), gas saturation (50–90%), high effective permeability to gas and low permeability to water. The seismic data displayed that listric faults and the associated rollover folds have an important role in forming structural traps for the examined gas-bearing zones in Tao Field and its surroundings. This work revealed that the success rate in discovering new gas prospects within the Pliocene–Pleistocene succession at North Sinai Concession is very high.

Impact of heavy metals pollution on the biochemical parameters and the histo-pathological picture of two resident wild birds at EL-Salam Canal area- North Sinai, Egypt

Heavy metals have been recognized as strong biological poisons because of their persistent nature, toxicity, tendency to get accumulated in the tissues of living organisms and their biological magnification that may cause severe health problems to human and wildlife. The aim of this study was to assess the concentrations of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn and Mn) in pectoral muscle, liver and kidney of 2 resident wild bird species (Laughing dove and Squacco heron) belonging to 2 different Families; trapped nearby El-Salam Canal from village Baloza; the northwestern part of Sinai, Egypt as a bio-indicator for the heavy metals pollution in the study area. Also to assess the impact of this pollution on the wild birds through biochemical parameters and histo-pathological examination. The current study revealed that, kidney of laughing dove showed the highest concentration of all examined metals with a significant difference (P˂0.05) with other tissues. Regarding to squacco heron, kidney showed the highest concentration of Cd, Cu and Mn with a significant difference (P˂0.05) with other tissues while liver showed the highest concentration of Pb and Zn with a significant difference (P˂0.05) with other tissues. This study showed increasing in the serum level of ALT and AST in the examined birds, however serum level of ALP was elevated only in laughing dove. Serum Creatinine was increased in squacco heron, while exhibits no change in laughing dove. Additionally urea was increased in all examined birds. Histo-pathological alterations were also recorded in the current study.

MODERNIZATION DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE FODDER CROPS PRODUCTION AND RATIONALIZING GROUNDWATER IN NORTH SINAI - EGYPT: CASE STUDY

Field experiments were carried out at Romana and Bir Elabd villages, North Sinai Governorate at three sites each village, cultivated by forage pearl millet and fodder beet crops during summer 2015 and winter 2015/2016, respectively. To evaluate the effect of updating drip irrigation system design (DI) with two water application levels:100 and 75% from actual crop water requirements (ETc) designated T100 and T75, respectively, and comparing with the drip systems used by farmers for irrigation (DC) under sites conditions. The parameters were statistical distribution of drippers flow rates, water application efficiency low-quarter distribution uniformity fresh and dry yield seasonally, water use efficiency upon fresh WUEf and dry yield “WUEEd”, and energy use efficiency upon fresh EUEf and dry yield “EUEd”. The most important results were: good performance of DI through excellent functioning of a statistical distribution of dripper flow rates. The highest mean values of Ea%, DUlq, IWUEf, IWUEd, EAEf, and EAEd were recorded by DIT75 treatments at both seasons, in all sites. Total fresh and dry yield by DIT100 treatments recorded the highest mean values at both seasons, between all sites. Also, the mean values of water-saving percentages compared with Dc treatment between all sites were 34.5 - 29.8% by DIT75 and 13.8 - 9.8% by DIT100 in summer and winter seasons, respectively, whereas, the mean values of operating energy saved percentages were obtained 33.2 - 35.5% by DIT75 and 20.6 - 23.2% by DIT100.

ENHANCEMENT OF TOMATO ROOT-KNOT NEMATODES CONTROL USING A NOVEL BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT IN NORTH SINAI

This study focuses on using olive mill waste water (OMWW) as a novel biological treatment to decrease plant diseases while improving food quality. Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne is considered one of the main tomato diseases in North Sinai. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of diffracting olive mill waste waters concentrations compared with the nematicide Oxamylon on Tomato Root-knot. OMWW was applied daily to tomato plants growing in sandy loam soil for three months. Represented five different concentration of OMWW (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) used for irrigation during the experiment. The positive control treatment was treated with Oxamyl at recommended dose. The negative control was watered only with tap water (0%). The results showed that mortality rates of M. incognita were significantly affected by concentrations. All treatments were superior to the untreated control in reducing nematode, except for OMWWs at 100 %, which was equivalent to the control treatment. The largest drop in root galling numbers Oxamyl was achieved (75.73%) was followed by 50% at (73.81%), 75% (68.01%), and 25% (39.67%). The highest reductions rated were recorded with the 50%and 75% concentrations used of OMWW. Overall, in the effort of efficient biological treatments was achieved for root knot control measures in tomato, the OMWW application may be used as one factor of integrated root-knot nematode management.

A Study of the Economic Efficiency and Productivity of the Peach Crop in North Sinai Governorate

A Study of the Economic Efficiency and Productivity of the Peach Crop in North Sinai Governorate

An Economic Study of the Production of the Tangerine Crop in North Sinai Governorate

An Economic Study of the Production of the Tangerine Crop in North Sinai Governorate

RESPONSE OF WATER STRESSED TOMATO PLANTS TO SOIL ORGANIC AMENDMENTS

Two field trials were conducted during successive two summer seasons of 2019 and 2020 at the experimental farm, Fac. Environ. Agric. Sci., Arish Univ., North Sinai to investigate the influence of drought stress (100% ETc (D0), 85% ETc (DL), 75% ETc (DM) and 55% ETc (DH) and organic amendments (biochar, BCH and barley straw, ST) on soil water relation as well as growth, yield and quality of tomato. Biochar+barley straw treatment exhibited the highest increment under all water levels of the three water relation, i.e., field capacity (FC), plant permanent wilting point (PWP) and plant available water content (AWC) traits with no significant differences between biochar and biochar+barley straw treatments. The highest yielding treatments under high drought stress (55% ETc, DH) level were both BCH and BCH+ST treatments. As for stress tolerance indices, BCH+ST followed by BCH treatment recorded the highest RDI, STI, GMP, YI, DI, K1STI and K2STI suggesting more stress tolerance mechanism. Based on the yield category, treatments classified into three groups: high, moderate and low yield/feddan. Comparison between the two drought stress levels (DH and DM) shows the extent of improvement in the 75% ETc (DM). Construction of dendrogram based on 12 drought tolerance indices under non-stress and both high and moderate drought conditions were involved. Based on Fruit yield (ton/fed) under non-stress and high drought stress, the 4-amendment treatments split into two main clusters. Cluster I contained stress tolerant treatment that had low value of stress susceptibility (Biochar and Biochar+ST) indicating the best cluster for both growth conditions. Cluster II performed poorly in the reverse trend of tolerant-group. So, this study confirms the contribution of biochars to the sustainability of agriculture and water conservation.