River North Research Articles

PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA DINAS PASAR KEBERSIHAN DAN TATA KOTA

One of problems in Hulu Sungai Utara Regency is garbage. The volume of waste in Amuntai is estimated to reach 100 cubic meters per day, while BPLH only has five trucks and four containers. Each freight car can only carry as much as six cubic meters. In carrying out the maximum transport of container a day can be done three times to four times. In this research, a qualitative approach is used to solve problems related to Waste Management in Market, Hygiene, and Urban Agency in Waste Management in Upper River North Regency, and the type of research used is descriptive as it is possible in a qualitative approach. Research results include insufficient facilities and infrastructure, lack of human resources, and also lack of community participation in participating in maintaining cleanliness due to lack of socialization. Suggestions given in the form of increasing the budget for the provision of facilities and infrastructure, to provide socialization by using television, radio, and sticker sticking, and held hygiene contest between villages.

Neither barriers nor refugia explain genetic structure in a major biogeographic break: phylogeography of praying mantises in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

The Atlantic Forest is one of the world’s top biodiversity hotspots, but the diversification processes of its biota are still poorly known, with competing models attributing dominant roles to either Quaternary climatic changes or geographic barriers. Many studies identify the Doce river as a major phylogeographic break, but the reasons for this phenomenon are highly debated. Here we test the predictions of the refugial and barrier models for a common species of praying mantis, Miobantia fuscata, focusing in the areas immediately south and north of the Doce river. Our analyses show high intraspecific genetic diversity, deep coalescence times and no evidence for recent population expansion. Phylogeographic structure is inconsistent with a refugial hypothesis. Significant gene flow between northern and southern populations also conflicts with a strong role for geographic barriers. This study highlights the need for considering invertebrate taxa to infer recent landscape changes, and points towards a more complex picture of genetic diversification in the Atlantic Forest.

Multi-timescale sediment responses across a human impacted river-estuary system

Hydrological processes regulating sediment transport from land to sea have been widely studied. However, anthropogenic factors controlling the river flow-sediment regime and subsequent response of the estuary are still poorly understood. Here we conducted a multi-timescale analysis on flow and sediment discharges during the period 1967–2014 for the two tributaries of the Jiulong River in Southeast China. The long-term flow-sediment relationship remained linear in the North River throughout the period, while the linearity showed a remarkable change after 1995 in the West River, largely due to construction of dams and reservoirs in the upland watershed. Over short timescales, rainstorm events caused the changes of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the rivers. Regression analysis using synchronous SSC data in a wet season (2009) revealed a delayed response (average 5 days) of the estuary to river input, and a box-model analysis established a quantitative relationship to further describe the response of the estuary to the river sediment input over multiple timescales. The short-term response is determined by both the vertical SSC-salinity changes and the sediment trapping rate in the estuary. However, over the long term, the reduction of riverine sediment yield increased marine sediments trapped into the estuary. The results of this study indicate that human activities (e.g., dams) have substantially altered sediment delivery patterns and river-estuary interactions at multiple timescales.

Human perturbation increases the fluxes of dissolved molybdenum from land to ocean — The case of the Jiulong River in China

Rivers contribute a substantial amount of trace metals including molybdenum (Mo) into the oceans. The driving forces controlling the riverine fluxes of dissolved metals still remain not fully understood. Our study then investigated the spatial variations of dissolved metals including molybdenum in a typically human perturbed river, the Jiulong River (JR), China. The aim of the study is to elucidate the relevance of anthropogenic perturbation on the fluxes of dissolved metals such as molybdenum from land to ocean. Our study shows a large spatial variability of dissolved Mo across tributary to main stream of the JR. Particularly, dissolved Mo was generally low (average: 5 ± 1 nM) in the “pristine” JR headwaters, and elevated (19 ± 6 nM) along the lower river continuum. Sporadically high levels of dissolved Mo occurred in the upper North River (77 ± 19 nM), as a result of mining activities locally. Significant correlations of dissolved Mo with total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved strontium (Sr) were observed in the whole JR (Mo = 1.4* TDS -1.7, R2 = 0.86, p < .01; Mo = 1.2*Sr – 2.2, R2 = 0.70, p < .01, logarithmic scales). This indicates that dissolved Mo is mobilized mainly along with other major ions such as Sr during similar mineral dissolution processes. From the “pristine” headwaters to the mouth of the JR, riverine Mo fluxes at the mouth of the JR has elevated by at least 3 times due to human perturbation. Compiled historic data regarding metal fluxes from world rivers further confirmed that small and medium rivers are relatively more sensitive to human perturbation.

Optimization of Water Reservoir Operation to Minimize the Economic Losses Caused by Pollution

The pollution of river water as a result of an accident can cause different types of serious damages to people, aquatic life, agricultural land, plants, and animal ecosystems. Apart from tragic events such as deaths or injuries, the accidental water pollution causes important economic losses. One effective measure is to reduce the concentration of the pollutant in the river water by adding clean water released from reservoirs placed on tributaries of the river. In this paper, we focus on finding an optimal operation of the water reservoirs (such as opening/closing time of the gates) with the goal of minimizing the total cost of the economic damages. Two components of the total cost are defined and quantified: the cost of the water used to achieve dilution and the losses caused by the existence of the pollutant in a certain concentration in the water. This problem is formalized as a non-linear multi-objective simulation-optimization model, subject to constraints. The solution is evaluated for a real use case (Jijia River, respectively, Dracsani and Halceni reservoirs in North–East Romania). The results are presented for two experiments. They show that by using the proposed optimization solution, the total cost of economic losses may be reduced by almost six times as compared with an empirical operation of the reservoirs and by almost $10\times $ if no dilution takes place.

ПОЛЗНИ НА ПОБЕРЕЖЬЕ ЗАПАДНОЙ КАМЧАТКИ (ТОЧИЛИНСКИЙ РАЗРЕЗ)

The Tochilo section (Western Kamchatka) is located between the Amanina (in the south) and Etalona (in the north) rivers. It is composed by Cenozoic deposits. They are deformed into an anticline fold. There are landslide bodies on the south-west wing, which occupy at least 40% of the coastline. Their area increases from south to north from 0.03 to 0.76 km2, reaching a maximum in the core of the fold. Accordingly, the distance between the wall disruptions and the coast increases from 100 to 800 m. Landslides are caused by the active rise of this coastal part of the Sea of Okhotsk in Holocene. This rise was revealed using the relationship between the marine and the river (up to 4) terraces. Many landslides were controlled by levels of fissures with NE10°–15° strike.

Maine’s Public Estate and Conservation Lands: Brief History and Assessment

In contrast to other northeastern states, the first conservation movement at the turn of the twentieth century passed Maine by. New Deal conservation programs likewise had little impact here, though several seeds were sown. In a state where public access to open rural land and North Woods lakes and rivers was extensively available, there was no perceived need for a public land system. In southern Maine by the 1990s, sprawl and No Trespassing signs became more visible. In the North Woods, large sales of former paper company land shook confidence that public access to land would continue. In a historic burst of activity, state and federal programs, aided by several nongovernmental organizations, made land and easement acquisitions that in a short time brought 21 percent of Maine’s land into its conservation estate. During this period of activity, a number of baffling policy issues were left largely on autopilot; this article closes with a brief and selective list of them.

Drawings

Drawings Rackstraw Downes Click for larger view View full resolution Obsolete Gas Tanks, Bayway, NJ (1996), graphite on gray/brown paper, 20 1/2 × 31 inches. Courtesy of the artist and Betty Cuningham Gallery, New York. Click for larger view View full resolution Smith Street Station and New Drawbridge Over Gowanus Canal (1999), graphite on tan paper, 23 1/2 × 39 3/4 inches. Courtesy of the artist and Betty Cuningham Gallery, New York. Click for larger view View full resolution The Music Hall from the Stage (1999), graphite on speckled green paper (three parts), 25 3/4 × 33 inches. Courtesy of the artist and Betty Cuningham Gallery, New York. Click for larger view View full resolution View East from the Levee, with Old Wooden Railroad Bridge (Presidio, TX) (2008), pencil on tan paper, 11 7/8 × 48 1/8 inches. Courtesy of the artist and Betty Cuningham Gallery, New York. Click for larger view View full resolution The projects from Park Ave. & 102nd St. (2008), graphite on light gray paper with blue threads, 14 × 42 inches. Courtesy of the artist and Betty Cuningham Gallery, New York. Click for larger view View full resolution North River Water Pollution Control Plant at 145th Street (2008), graphite on pink paper with red and blue threads, 16 × 40 inches. Courtesy of the artist and Betty Cuningham Gallery, New York. Click for larger view View full resolution Studio Interior Looking East (I) (2014), graphite on paper with blue and red threads, 16 × 22 inches. Courtesy of the artist and Betty Cuningham Gallery, New York. Click for larger view View full resolution Presidio-Beehives Near a Canyon, On Camino Del Rio (2004), graphite on gray cream paper with blue threads, 9 5/8 × 44 1/2 inches. Courtesy of the artist and Betty Cuningham Gallery, New York. Copyright © 2018 Rackstraw Downes

From the Late Medieval to Early Modern in the Rieti Basin (AD 1325–1601): Paleoecological and Historical Approaches to a Landscape in Transition

From the fourteenth through the end of the sixteenth centuries, the primary political, economic, and environmental changes in Italy have been considered to be the impacts of a century of plague following 1348 and the transition from medieval to early modern political and social systems. While at the macro level across the politically divided Italian peninsula these are well attested, in the intermountain basin of the Velino River north of the central Italian city of Rieti, the historical and paleoecological data point to a range of other factors having an effect on the changing landscape. As events such as the arrival of the Black Death resonated in the resurgent forest following the steep decline in population, other local activities, such as the city's political realignment with Rome and its interest in controlling the hydrology of the basin as a free commune, equally left their mark on the local ecology of the basin. Ultimately, the historical and paleoecological evidence demonstrates influence by continental climate patterns; regional demographic, political, and economic changes; and local priorities in concert.

What in the World Is North? Translating Cardinal Directions across Languages, Cultures and Environments

What in the World Is North? Translating Cardinal Directions across Languages, Cultures and Environments

The co-existence of recreational and artisanal fisheries in the central parts of the Danube and Sava rivers

Abstract The official data on recreational and artisanal fisheries in Croatia and Hungary were analysed. The data from Croatia relates to the entire Croatian section of the Danube River and to the section of the Sava River along the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina. The data from Hungary covers 60 km of the Danube River north of the Croatian border. Absolute catches in kilograms, as well as CPUE (kg per fisherman per year) by both groups in all three river sections varied from year to year without dramatic changes. Fishing with nets, artisanal fishermen differ from the anglers in two major ways: they are less selective and they catch bigger specimens. According to the official data, the existing ratio between recreational and artisanal fishermen in these three river sections does not negatively affect each other’s or overall fishing. Therefore, a conclusion can be drawn that medium-intensive artisanal fisheries qualify to co-exist with recreational fisheries.

A red tide forming dinoflagellate Prorocentrum triestinum: identification, phylogeny and impacts on St Helena Bay, South Africa

:A non-toxic red tide with resulting anoxia was the cause of a major harmful algal bloom in St Helena Bay, South Africa, in February and March 2015. The red tide was observed along approximately 200 km of the Namaqua coastline extending well north of the Olifants River and southward into the bay. A maximum cell concentration of 14.32 × 106 cells l−1 was recorded in the southern reaches of the bay, and oxygen concentrations declined to as low as 0.06 ml l−1 in the shallow waters off Dwarskersbos. The hypoxia induced ecological fallout was significant with massive marine mortalities, including an estimated 415 tons of rock lobster (Jasus lalandii). The causative organism was identified morphologically, ultrastructurally and phylogenetically (using partial sequences of the 18S small subunit rDNA and the 28S large subunit rDNA) as Prorocentrum triestinum (Dinophyceae). Light and electron microscopy (both scanning and transmission) also facilitated identification of P. triestinum and addressed possible confusion with similar taxa. The global incidence of P. triestinum blooms is low, with hot spots limited to coastal areas in eastern China and the Mediterranean Sea, where blooms are sometimes associated with anthropogenic nutrient pollution. The harmful bloom documented here is the first exceptional bloom event with anoxic-related marine mortalities induced by P. triestinum in a major eastern boundary upwelling system such as the Benguela.

Reconstructing the Local Vegetation and Seasonality of the Lower Eocene Blue Rim Site of Southwestern Wyoming Using Fossil Wood

Premise of research. Permineralized wood along with fossil leaves, reproductive structures, and dispersed pollen and spores are preserved in the uppermost Lower Eocene (∼49.0 Ma) Blue Rim escarpment of the Bridger Formation in southwestern Wyoming. Each component of the flora provides a slightly different view of the diversity and environment, but the wood assemblage provides additional information on the taxonomic composition, forest structure, and local seasonality and climate.Methodology. Fossil wood specimens, including occasional in situ stumps, were collected from Bridger strata exposed at Blue Rim, north of Green River, Wyoming. Thin sections in the three standard orientations were prepared of each specimen and examined by light microscopy. Specific gravity and vulnerability index values were calculated for well-preserved specimens. Tree height was estimated from diameter measurements obtained from 10 specimens.Pivotal results. Seven wood types are recognized in the assemblage, including a single s...

Schistosoma japonicum transmission risk maps at present and under climate change in mainland China.

BackgroundThe South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) project is designed to channel fresh water from the Yangtze River north to more industrialized parts of China. An important question is whether future climate change and dispersal via the SNWD may synergistically favor a northward expansion of species involved in hosting and transmitting schistosomiasis in China, specifically the intermediate host, Oncomelania hupensis.Methodology/ Principal findingsIn this study, climate spaces occupied by the four subspecies of O. hupensis (O. h. hupensis, O. h. robertsoni, O. h. guangxiensis and O. h. tangi) were estimated, and niche conservatism tested among each pair of subspecies. Fine-tuned Maxent (fMaxent) and ensemble models were used to anticipate potential distributions of O. hupensis under future climate change scenarios. We were largely unable to reject the null hypothesis that climatic niches are conserved among the four subspecies, so factors other than climate appear to account for the divergence of O. hupensis populations across mainland China. Both model approaches indicated increased suitability and range expansion in O. h. hupensis in the future; an eastward and northward shift in O. h. robertsioni and O. h. guangxiensis, respectively; and relative distributional stability in O. h. gangi.Conclusions/SignificanceThe southern parts of the Central Route of SNWD will coincide with suitable areas for O. h. hupensis in 2050–2060; its suitable areas will also expand northward along the southern parts of the Eastern Route by 2080–2090. Our results call for rigorous monitoring and surveillance of schistosomiasis along the southern Central Route and Eastern Route of the SNWD in a future, warmer China.

Landward-directed Dispersal of Benthic Foraminiferal Propagules At Two Shallow-water Sites in the Doboy Sound Area (Georgia, U.S.A.)

Abstract Transport of foraminiferal propagules is an important mode of dispersal in benthic foraminifera. Known to occur from tidal marshes and estuaries to deep-water environments, the former are particularly vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Because rising sea levels can have profound implications on local salinity and associated faunal compositions, transport of foraminiferal propagules within these environments can be crucial for local assemblages to respond to changing conditions. Here we focus on a shallow-water environment in southeastern Georgia to evaluate whether propagule transport occurs evenly or whether it shows a predominant direction, such as land- or seaward. Two sites were sampled in the Doboy Sound area: the southern tip of Sapelo Island and a site on the North River located approximately 10 km inland. We applied the propagule method using the fine fraction of the sediments that contains the propagule bank. Experimental conditions in the laboratory included three temperatures (18, 24 and 30°C) and three salinities (15, 25 and 35) to simulate a range of environments that might trigger the growth of various foraminiferal species. While adult in situ assemblages of both sites were at least partly influenced by the adjacent salt marshes, experimentally grown assemblages were dominated by mudflat, estuarine or more open marine species. Thus, propagule transport from the more terrestrial side of the assemblage gradient is limited, while propagules of more marine species can be transported far into the extensive estuarine system of the study area, where they can remain viable within the local propagule banks. Results provide important insights into possible changes in foraminiferal assemblages with rising sea-level on the Georgia coast.

A hydrogeochemistry and multi-isotope (Sr, O, H, and C) study of groundwater salinity origin and hydrogeochemcial processes in the shallow confined aquifer of northern Yangtze River downstream coastal plain, China

Economically developed coastal areas have a high water demand, and their groundwater resources can be threatened by salinization. Many methods and tracers have been used to discriminate the source of salinization because a single method does not yield reliable results. In this paper, the shallow confined coastal plain aquifer, north of the downstream Yangtze River in China, is used as a case study to investigate the origin of the salinity and the relevant geochemical processes for this aquifer. Multiple environmental tracers of major ions, minor ions (Br−, I−), and isotopes (18O, 2H, 13C, 87Sr, 3H, 14C) were used so as to provide reliable conclusions. The TDS distribution of the aquifer has an increasing trend, from below 500 mg/L in the inland areas to more than 20,000 mg/L around the southeast coastline. The water chemical type evolves from HCO3-Ca to Cl-Na as the TDS increases. The results suggest that the groundwater salinity is influenced by seawater intrusion. The seawater proportions in the groundwater samples range from 0.07% to 94.41% and show the same spatial distribution pattern as TDS. The 3H and 14C values show that the highest salinity was mainly caused by a seawater transgression around 6000a B.P. The aquifer is also affected by other hydrogeochemical processes: base exchange has enriched Ca2+ and depleted K+ and Na+, sulfate reduction has reduced the concentration of SO42− and enriched HCO3−, and iodine-rich organic matter decomposition has enriched the concentration of I−. The iodine enrichment also suggests paleo-seawater intrusion. In addition, the precipitation of carbonate minerals has decreased the concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+, and HCO3−, albeit to a limited extent.

Modeling nutrient sources, transport and management strategies in a coastal watershed, Southeast China

Integrated watershed management requires an analytical model capable of revealing the full range of impacts that would be caused by the uses and developments in the watershed. The SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed Attributes (SPARROW) model was developed in this study to provide empirical estimates of the sources, transport of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) and to develop nutrient management strategies in the Jiulong River Watershed, southeast China that has enormous influence on the region's ecological safety. We calibrated the model using data related to daily streamflow, monthly TN and TP concentrations in 2014 at 30 locations. The model produced R2 values for TN with 0.95 and TP with 0.94. It was found that for the entire watershed, TN came from fertilizer application (43%), livestock breeding (39%) and sewage discharge (18%), while TP came from livestock breeding (46%), fertilizer application (46%), and industrial discharge (8%). Fifty-eight percent of the TN and 80% of the TP in upstream reaches are delivered to the outlets of North and West rivers. A scenario analysis with SPARROW was coupled to develop suitable management strategies. Results revealed that controlling nutrient sources was effective in improving water quality. Normally sharp reduction in nutrient sources is not operational feasible. Hence, it is recommended that preventing nutrient on land from entering into the river as a suitable strategy in watershed management.

Erratum to: A GIS-based study on channel variation, erosion and deposition along the bank of Dibru Saikhowa National Park (1967–2016), Assam, India

The GIS technology presently has become an important tool for various fluvio morphological studies. The present study incorporates GIS technology to assess more precisely and accurately the rate, nature and pattern of channel variations along with erosion and deposition of the study area at the spatio-temporal scale. The Dibru Saikhowa National Park is a river island in the upper Brahmaputra valley of Assam. The island experiences frequent bank erosion by Siang and Dibang River in the north and Lohit River in the south. The total geographical area of Dibru Saikhowa National Park was about 337.96 sq in the year 1967, which reduces to 302.45 sq km in 1988, 279.38 sq km in 2001 and finally to 241.82 sq km in the year 2016. The area witnessed a net loss of 96.14 km of area (1967–2016) with total erosion of 103.84 and deposition of 7.707 sq km of area. The southward shift of Siang and Dibang River channel/bank line and northward shift of Lohit, Dibru and Dangori channel/bank line causes erosion of Dibru Saikhowa National Park. The study reveals an average shift 1425.58 m of Dibru and Dangori channel/bank line northward and 1314.97 m of Siang and Dibang channel/bank line southward during 1976–2016. The westward shift of Dibang and Siang River conjunction along with avulsion of Lohit River southward promotes erosion of the island.

More-complete remains ofProcolpochelys charlestonensis(Oligocene, South Carolina), an occurrence ofEuclastes(upper Eocene, South Carolina), and their bearing on Cenozoic pancheloniid sea turtle distribution and phylogeny

AbstractNew and more-complete material ofProcolpochelys charlestonensisWeems and Sanders, 2014 provides the first detailed information on the skull, jaw, and plastron of this species, which occurs in the Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge formations near Charleston, South Carolina. This material allows a much more detailed comparison of this turtle with the co-occurring pancheloniid speciesAshleychelys palmeriWeems and Sanders, 2014 andCarolinochelys wilsoniHay, 1923a, as well as with its Miocene successorProcolpochelys grandaeva(Leidy, 1851). Fused dentaries, found in the Cooper River north of Charleston, belong to the pancheloniid genusEuclastes, previously known only from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene. This specimen, apparently from the upper Eocene Parkers Ferry Formation, expands the temporal range of this genus and indicates thatEuclastessurvived in the North Atlantic basin far longer than was previously known. These new finds, combined with previous records of fossil pancheloniid sea turtles, provide an improved picture of the temporal distribution, evolutionary trends, and likely phylogeny of pancheloniids from the Late Cretaceous to the present.

3-D Resistivity Imaging on Archaeology Characterization at Sungai Batu area in Kedah, Malaysia

Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) was conducted at the archaeological site of Sungai Batu, Lembah Bujang in Kedah, Malaysia and it is located between Gunung Jerai in the North and Muda River in the South, Kuala Muda, Kedah. This paper presents the geophysical results that aimed to identify the characterization at Sungai Batu, Kedah. ERI survey was performed at plot SB2ZZ, Sungai Batu with total of 15 survey lines using pole-dipole array with electrode spacing of 0.75 m. The ERI results were then processed with Res2DInv and Res3Dinv softwares. Resistivity contrast shows good variation to correlate well with lithology of the earth materials. To enhance the results, data were visualized using isosurface resistivity surface. The ERI shows interesting anomaly with resistivity of 400 - 500 Ωm varies from 0.34 – 1.17 m and few spotted anomalies detected at deeper depth which varies from 2 m - 4 m. Based on-site calibration at partly exhumed sites, anomalies were interpreted as baked clay bricks. The results obtained in this study area gives reliable interpretation for archaeological interest.