Coahuila Research Articles

BRYOFLORA OF THE SHOSHONE NATIONAL FOREST, WYOMING. PART 1. A CATALOGUE OF MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS OF THE BEARTOOTH PLATEAU AREA

This work is the first in a series of catalogues on the bryophytes of the oldest National Forest of the USA, the Shoshone National Forest. Bordering Yellowstone National Park and being a part of the Greater Yellowstone System, the Forest has retained a wide spectrum of its pristine representative areas, which support a unique bryophyte flora. Based on over 4600 specimens, the catalogue of the bryophytes of the Wyoming's Beartooth Plateau, the northernmost territories of the Forest, has been produced. This bryoflora is composed of 282 species (45 liverworts and 237 mosses) in the study area, representing approximately 53% of the Wyoming bryophyte flora. The richness of the flora is due to the high diversity of habitats, caused by the geological history of this portion of the Central Rocky Mountains, location of the study area essentially in the subalpine and alpine belts, climatic and hydrologic features, and low anthropogenic disturbance. The high elevations and associated habitat conditions allow for many disjunct arctic-alpine species (approximately 25% in the bryophyte flora). Remarkable extensions of upper elevation limits for 72 taxa are registered. Fifteen species, two subspecies, and two varieties of liverworts, as well as 56 species and eight varieties of mosses have not previously been reported for Wyoming in Flora of North America and Synopsis of Liverwort Flora of North America North of Mexico. Thirty-nine taxa (five species of liverworts and 32 species and two varieties of mosses) are of potential conservation concern in Wyoming, including two rare species with Pacific coastal affinities, Philonotis yezoana Besch. & Cardot and Sphagnum miyabeanum Warnst., and one species of extreme northern habitats, Sciuro-hypnum glaciale (Schimp.) Ignatov & Huttunen, being a novelty for continental North America. Brachythecium erythrorrhizon Schimp. var. alpinum Kosovich-Anderson & Ignatov was recently described, using material collected as part of this study.

Factores predictivos de mortalidad e ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos en pacientes con pielonefritis enfisematosa: experiencia de 5 años en un hospital terciario

Introduction and objectivesEmphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening infection of the kidney and surrounding tissues associated with a high mortality rate. The aim of this study was to determine predictive factors for mortality and intensive care unit admission in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis, and to propose a therapeutic algorithm based on current literature and our experience. MethodsA retrospective study was done including patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis in a single center in the north of Mexico from 2011-2016. Demographic, clinical, microbiological and biochemical parameters, therapeutic management, and outcomes were assessed. Factors associated with admission to intensive care unit and mortality were determined. Comparison was assessed using χ2 test for categorical variables, and T-test for numerical variables. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. ResultsA total of 63 patients were included, of which 55(87.3%) were females, with a mean age of 55.5±12.2 years. The most common comorbidities were diabetes and hypertension. Escherichia coli was the most common isolated microorganism (51.7%) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing agents were reported in 31.7%. Conservative therapy was provided to 38.7%, double J stent 42.9%, open/percutaneous drainage 12.7%, and nephrectomy 25.3%. Overall mortality and intensive care admission were 20.6% and 36.5%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, hemodynamic instability (p=0.005), qSOFA≥2 (p=0.003), hypoalbuminemia (p=0.02), and early nephrectomy (p=0.002) were associated with intensive care admission. Huang scale 4 (p=0.006) and early nephrectomy (p=0.001) were associated to mortality. ConclusionsEmphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening disease and evidence of management is based in small case series due to the low incidence of this condition. Hemodynamic instability, hypoalbuminemia, qSOFA≥2, Huang scale ≥3, and early nephrectomy are associated with poor prognosis.

Cyclones and Global Floods from an Observation-Simulation Evaluation: Contributions and Long-Term Changes

As two of the most destructive natural disasters, tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical cyclones (ETCs) can bring about huge casualties and socioeconomic losses to the major continents. However, little is known about the contributions of TCs and ETCs to global flooding and the spatial-temporal variations both in the magnitude and frequency of cyclone-related floods. We collected, to our knowledge, the most complete global streamflow dataset with at least 25-year complete records between 1979 and 2012. Using this observed streamflow dataset and simulated runoff dataset from ERA5 reanalysis, for the first time at the global scale, our results show that the highest contributions of TCs to annual floods occur in coastal areas of East Asia and Australia (both &gt; 40%), followed by North America (&gt;25%), with a general decrease from coastline to inland, while the highest contributions of ETCs to annual floods occur in Eurasia (&gt;70%) and North America (&gt;60%), followed by South America and South Africa (&gt;50%). Seasonally, TC-induced floods are clustered to occur in boreal (austral) summer and autumn, respectively, in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere, while there is no significant difference in ETC-induced floods among the four seasons. Additionally, contributions of cyclones to floods in simulations are highly consistent with the observations. Except for East Asia, both the magnitude and frequency of TC-induced floods show increasing trends in South Asia, coastal North America, Mexico, north Australia and southeastern South Africa, which is basically and directly explained by increasing TC tracks, duration and density in these areas. For ETCs, widespread decreasing trends in magnitude and frequency of ETC-induced floods were detected across Eurasia, South America, and most of North America. Changes in large-scale environmental variables also correspond well to cyclone activities, which further confirms the reasonable trends in magnitude and frequency of cyclone floods.

Description of a new halophilic tiger beetle in the genus Eunota (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae, Cicindelini) identified using morphology, phylogenetics and biogeography.

Tiger beetles are a popular group of insects amongst amateur naturalists, and are well-represented in museum and private collections. New species descriptions plateaued in the 19th century, but there is a recent resurgence of discoveries as integrative taxonomy methods, guided by molecular systematics, uncover “cryptic” tiger beetle diversity. In this paper, we describe a new species using multiple data types. This new species, Eunota mecocheila Duran and Roman n. sp., is in the tribe Cicindelini, and is described from specimens collected in saline muddy ditches in northern Mexico. This species is closely related to E. circumpicta (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1841), but is separated based on morphological differences, geographic range, and genetic differentiation. Little is known about the biology or distribution of this species and it has only been collected from two sites in the state of Coahuila. Given the location of this new species, and its genetic divergence from its closest relative, E. circumpicta, we discuss the historical biogeography that may have led to isolation and speciation. The male and female dorsal, lateral and frontal habitus and the male aedeagus are shown.

Les maïs natifs du nord, centre et sud du Mexique

Les maïs natifs sont le patrimoine bio-culturel des paysans indigènes et métis de tout le pays. Leur culture, du fait des conditions agroécologiques et climatiques spécifiques, est source de processus identitaires intercommunautaires. Le maïs fait partie de la culture alimentaire du paysan mexicain, de son appartenance historique et communautaire ainsi que les valeurs et les symboles partagés qui s’y rattachent. Dans cet article, seront discutées les caractéristiques aliénables et inaliénables du maïs et la vulnérabilité de ce binôme, pour rehausser son importance dans la création de la biodiversité des maïs natifs. Dans le but de reconnaître que tout le territoire national est centre d’origine et de diversification du maïs, un parcours de la diversité des mosaïques agricoles dans le nord, le centre et le sud du pays a été effectué. Finalement, on démontre les risques de concevoir les maïs uniquement comme capital naturel.

First Report of Caryobruchus gleditsiae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Brahea berlandieri in Northeast Mexico

First Report of Caryobruchus gleditsiae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Brahea berlandieri in Northeast Mexico

789 HIGH RESOLUTION ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY: VARIABLE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION IN A LARGE MEXICAN COHORT

Abstract High resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) has been in use for about a decade. However, there is no available information regarding geographical or regional differences in diagnostic outcome. Aim Characterize the indications, demographics and diagnostic outcome of HREM in a diverse population of Mexico. Methods Data was collected from four major referral centers representing diverse geographical areas of Mexico: central—Mexico City (two centers, years 2016-2020), south (Veracruz, years 2015-2020) and north (Monterrey, years 2013—2020). All consecutive cases referred for HREM were entered into a data base and analyzed using Chicago 3 classification. Data was evaluated using chi-square to compare frequencies among groups. Results 2,932 patients included: Central n = 877(29.9), North n = 1003(34.2), South n = 1052(35.9). Mean age 47.9(11-93), women 1,795(61.2), men 1,137(38.8). Nationwide, the most common indications for testing were: GERD n = 1677(57.2), followed by dysphagia 587(20), atypical GERD 244(8.3), post-operative GERD 230(7.9), chest pain 114(3.9), and post-operative dysphagia 78(2.8). HREM was normal in 1,468(49.9) patients. Table shows the diagnostic distribution among centers: Central-Mexico had more abnormal cases 531(60.5) (p &amp;lt; 0.0.001) vs 407(40.6) North and 532(50.6) South. Achalasia was more commonly diagnosed in the South n = 104(19.5) whereas outlet obstruction 39(967) p &amp;lt; 0.001 and spastic disorders were more common in the North 47(11.8) p = 0.002. Weak peristaltic disorders were more common in Central-Mexico 369(78.8) p &amp;lt; 0.001. Conclusion This study represents the first large comparative multicenter HREM data base project in Mexico. In this cohort, most patients receiving HREM are women and those whose indication was GERD. These findings indicate variable regional geographical distribution of HERM diagnosis. Our study suggests that further investigation into the causes and epidemiological distribution of motility disorders is warranted.

Regional drought frequency analysis based on L-moments for the Rio Grande River Basin, Mexico

In order to determine the characteristics of meteorological drought periods that occurred in the Rio Grande River Basin in the 1984-2013 period, a regional frecuency analysis based on L-moments (RFA-LM) was conducted. The analysis used precipitation records from 90 weather stations, which were subject of a quality control and data homogenization process. Through an iterative process, five homogeneous regions (HR) were identified according to the annual mean precipitation criterion. The probability distribution functions that best fitted the records were Gaucho (HR1) and Generalized Logistic (HR2 to HR5). Based on these functions, quantiles (annual precipitation values associated with a certain occurrence probability value) were determined, as well as precipitation deficit maps with 5, 10, 15, 20, 50 and 100 years return periods. The results indicate that meteorological drought events occur in the river basin with an average duration between 1.7 and 2.5 years, and with an average recurrence of 3.9 to 4.5 years; the longest drought period occurred between 1993-2002, and the period with the highest rainfall deficit was 2011-2012. The most affected regions are located in the states of Chihuahua and Coahuila, where the decrease levels in precipitation can exceed 80 % of deficit, which indicates that for a return period of 100 years, more than half of the basin would show an extraordinary drought degree, which would have serious repercussions for the different socioeconomic sectors.

Reseda luteola L. a remarkable species of apicultural importance from North Mexico

Reseda luteola L. a remarkable species of apicultural importance from North Mexico

EVALUATION OF MEXICAN NATIVE AND HYBRID MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) SILAGES FOR SUSTAINABLE MILK PRODUCTION

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background&lt;/strong&gt;. Maize cultivation and dairy cattle represent two of the main economic activities in Mexico. &lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt;. Determine the forage yield (ton / ha) and forage quality of the maize silage produced in Mexico and estimate potential milk production. &lt;strong&gt;Methodology&lt;/strong&gt;. For this purpose, 13 studies carried out in Mexico, were analyzed according to study area (north vs. center of Mexico) and variety (native vs. hybrid). For inclusion in the final database, the studies should have been including agronomic and chemical variables such as: dry matter yield (DMY) (ton / ha), plant density (number of plants / ha), dry matter content (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ash or organic matter (OM), dry matter digestibility (DMD), neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD), starch and fat content. The data were analyzed using a completely randomized statistical design. &lt;strong&gt;Results&lt;/strong&gt;. The forage DMY (dry matter yield) / ha, and the milk production (ton DM / ha) were higher (P &amp;lt;0.0001) for the central region with respect to the northern region. Regarding to the milk production (kg milk/ ha) the native silages produced more (P &amp;lt;0.05) than the hybrids. A positive correlation was observed for the content of NEL (net energy of lactation) (MJ / kg DM) and kg milk / ton DM. &lt;strong&gt;Implications&lt;/strong&gt;. The native maize of Mexico thus has the potential to provide greater production of milk / ha and kg Milk/ per ton DM with respect to hybrid maize, due to the higher digestibility of the NDF that causes the higher NEl.&lt;strong&gt; Conclusions.&lt;/strong&gt; The use of native maize in Mexico is a viable alternative for use as a silage in feed for dairy cows, with higher milk production per hectare and per ton of dry matter compared to hybrid maize.&lt;/p&gt;

First record of a thread-leg shrimp (Decapoda: Caridea: Nematocarcinidae) from California

A thread-leg shrimp, Nematocarcinus sp., was photographed at 870 m off the San Juan Seamount off California. The shrimp was not collected. The color pattern is very different from previously described northeastern Pacific species of Nematocarcinus. The image in the photograph is too distant to see characteristic details of the rostrum. A previous report of Nematocarcinus exilis (Spence Bate, 1888) from Oregon cannot be verified, so this is the first well-documented report of this family in the eastern Pacific north of Mexico.

New species of the genus Cenophengus LeConte 1881 (Coleoptera; Phengodidae) from Mexico and Guatemala.

Six new species of the genus Cenophengus LeConte, 1881 are described. Five of these new species were collected in Mexico, in the states of Hidalgo (Cenophengus mboi sp. nov. and Cenophengus hnogamui sp. nov.), Coahuila (Cenophengus kikapu sp. nov.) and San Luis Potos (Cenophengus tupae sp. nov., Cenophengus mumui sp. nov.). An additional species was collected in Puerta Parada, Guatemala (Cenophengus xiinbali sp. nov.). The new taxa described in the present study increase to 27 the number of species assigned to Cenophengus.

Economic valuation of rangelands in the north of Mexico: A study for its conservation

Aim of study: To estimate grazing fee and the economic value of the communal rangelands of two groups of ranchers.Area of study: Ejido Tanque de Arenas (ETA) and ejido Tanque de Dolores (ETD) in Catorce, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.Material and methods: The contingent valuation method with referendum format was used to propose a grazing fee that would allow conservation and continuity in the use of the common resource. The field information was collected by interviews and was processed in the PASW Statistics 22 software NLOGIT Version 5.0.Main results: Perception of rangeland deterioration, age, size of the herd, and level of income are characteristics of ranchers that influence the willingness to pay. From the coefficient of rangeland of the region (24.2 ha/AU) a monthly grazing fee of USD 7.18 per animal was calculated.Research highlights: Estimation and payment of grazing fees are an alternative to avoid the deterioration of communal rangelands, without incurring land parcelization.

Pectis loiolae (Asteraceae: Tageteae): New Species Registered in a Natural Monument at an Archaeological Site in Northeast Brazil

Abstract— Pectis comprises about 90 species distributed in North America, Mexico, the Caribbean, South and Central America, and the Pacific Islands. In Brazil, the genus is represented by 14 species that mainly occur in the Cerrado and five species that are endemic to the Caatinga domain. During field expeditions to the Lajedo de Soledade archaeological site, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, a new species of Pectis was found on rocky outcrops (lajedos) in the Caatinga. Pectis loiolae sp. nov. grows on limestone rocks in sedimentary substrate and is recognized by its prostrate habit with ascending branches terminating in a solitary capitulum, apex of the involucral bracts rounded, apiculate, and green becoming vinaceous in the apical 1/3, corolla of ray flowers (5) with abaxial surface vinaceous and adaxial white, disk flowers 8‐10, and presence of stylopodium in the disk flowers. A morphological description, illustration, distribution map, habitat, conservation status, and a key for all Brazilian Pectis species are presented herein.

A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records.

The species of Pentatomidae known to occur north of Mexico, comprising 223 species in 68 genera, are enumerated with taxonomic notes and updated and annotated distributions. Included in this update are 126 new state records reported for 62 pentatomid species in 30 genera. The copious annotations in these distributions and attendant bibliography serve as an extensive compilation of overlooked references that might contain distributional records for other insect, especially heteropteran, species.

The roles of dispersal limitation, climatic niches and glacial history in endemism of the North American bryophyte flora.

Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) tend to have very large geographic ranges, which impedes progress toward understanding the drivers of diversification and extinction. This study aimed to investigate whether North American endemics differ geographically from more widespread species and whether differences in climatic niche or traits related to dispersal and establishment differ between endemics and more widespread species. All available herbarium records of bryophytes from North America north of Mexico (106 collections) were used. Traits related to dispersal were obtained from the literature. Analyses tested whether range sizes and extents differed between endemics and nonendemics, and whether trait differences were associated with endemism. Climate data were used to determine whether differences in niche breadth are present between endemics and nonendemics, and whether suitable climate for endemics occurs outside North America. Nonendemics have range sizes twice as large as endemics and they occur farther north and have greater longitudinal extents. However, they do not have the widest niche breadths and do not differ in spore size (with few exceptions) or sexual condition. Asexual propagules are more prevalent among nonendemics. Climatic models indicate that substantial areas of climate suitable for endemics exist outside of North America. Distributions of endemics and nonendemics are consistent with an important role of glaciation in shaping the North American bryophyte flora. Endemics are not limited to the continent based on a lack of suitable climate elsewhere or by spore size or sexual condition.

Manual of North American Agromyzidae (Diptera, Schizophora), with revision of the fauna of the "Delmarva" states.

Тhe agromyzid (Diptera: Schizophora: Agromyzidae) fauna of America north of Mexico is described in the first part of this publication, including a genus key and discussions on morphology, life history and classification. The second part is a species-level revision of the family in the “Delmarva” states of the United States of America, that is, of the District of Columbia and the surrounding states of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia. The fauna of this region includes 156 species.This study presents 346 new state and provincial records and 23 new country records, two of which are new continental records (Agromyzaabiens Zetterstedt and A.apfelbecki Strobl). Liriomyzaendiviae Hering is no longer considered to occur in North America. Fifteen species are newly described: Agromyzaechinalissp. nov., Melanagromyzabrunkeisp. nov., M.eoflacensissp. nov., M.glyptossp. nov., M.rutellasp. nov., Ophiomyiacapitoliasp. nov., O.cupreasp. nov., O.galiodessp. nov., O.heleiossp. nov., O.kaliasp. nov., O.laticolissp. nov., Cerodontha (Poemyza) ungulasp. nov., Phytomyzaavicursasp. nov., P.catenulasp. nov., and P.winklerisp. nov. Four new species-level synonyms and one genus-level synonym are provided: Agromyzamarmorensis Spencer syn. nov. is included as a synonym of A.aristata Malloch; Melanagromyzafastosa Spencer, syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Ophiomyiatiliae (Couden); Melanagromyzaverbesinae Spencer is considered a synonym of M.vernoniana Steyskal; Phytomyzaranunculoides Spencer, syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Phytomyzaloewii Hendel; the genus Liomycina Enderlein, syn. nov. is included as a junior synonym of Phytobia Lioy. Ophiomyiaultima (Spencer), comb. nov. is recombined from Melanagromyza. Euhexomyzaalbicula Spencer, stat. reinst., comb. nov. is resurrected from synonymy with E.winnemanae (Malloch). New host records are given.

Taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity of freshwater fish assemblages in relationship to geographical and climatic determinants in North America

AbstractAimA full understanding of the origin and maintenance of β‐diversity patterns in a region requires understanding of: (1) the relationships of both taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity (TBD and PBD, respectively) and their respective turnover and nestedness components with geographical and environmental distances; (2) the relative importance of the turnover and nestedness components of β‐diversity; and (3) the relationships between PBD measures representing different evolutionary depths. Here, we investigate all these aspects of β‐diversity simultaneously for freshwater fishes in North America.LocationNorth America north of Mexico (hereafter, North America).TaxonFreshwater fishes.MethodsNorth America was divided into 360 watersheds. Using two sampling approaches (neighbourhood vs. pairwise), we quantified β‐diversity between fish assemblages using various metrics (representing total, turnover and nestedness components of TBD and PBD, and tip‐ vs. basal‐weighted PBD) and related them to geographical and climatic factors using correlation and regression analyses.ResultsGeographical patterns of total TBD and PBD and their components of turnover and nestedness for freshwater fish assemblages among neighbouring watersheds were highly congruent across North America. Geographical patterns of basal‐weighted PBD were generally opposite to those of tip‐weighted PBD. Metrics of β‐diversity were weakly associated with contemporary climatic variables. TBD and PBD were associated strongly to moderately with geographical distances and moderately with climatic distances. The relationships of metrics of β‐diversity to geographical distances were stronger than those to climatic distances in all cases.Main conclusionsGeographical and ecological patterns are highly congruent between taxonomic and tip‐weighted PBD, but those between tip‐ and basal‐weighted PBD are greatly different, suggesting that evolutionary histories have played an important role in shaping β‐diversity. Our study suggests that geographical distance between watersheds is more important than climate similarity in determining β‐diversity between freshwater fish assemblages.

Assessment of risk to health caused by the exposure to mining waste in Durango, Mexico

In order to determine the health risk derived from the presence of heavy metals on the residents of a town in the North of Mexico, 27 samples were taken from a tailings dam at a mine in "Cerro de Mercado". Among the various metals and metalloids found, antimony and chromium exceeded the permissible concentration values established by the Mexican legislation, so mining waste in that region was considered to be hazardous and harmful to health. The risk assessment was carried out using the Spatial Analysis and Decision Assistance software, selecting a recreational setting with a short time exposure, and a residential setting with long exposure, obtaining as a result, that the health of the residents nearby the mine will not be damaged by metals and metalloids exposure existing in the tailings.

Trait evolution rates shape continental patterns of species richness in North America's most diverse angiosperm genus (Carex, Cyperaceae)

AbstractEcological opportunity has been associated with increases in diversification rates across the tree of life. Under an ecological diversification model, the emergence of novel environments is hypothesized to promote morpho‐ and ecospace evolution. Whether this model holds at the clade level within the most species‐rich angiosperm genus found in North America (Carex, Cyperaceae) is yet to be tested. Recent works demonstrate a temporal coupling of climate cooling and widespread colonization of Carex in North America, implicating ecological diversification. In addition, research has consistently found asymmetric patterns of lineage‐level diversification in the genus. Why does variation in clade sizes exist in the genus? Is ecological diversification involved? In this study, we tested whether rates of morphological and ecological trait evolution are correlated with clade‐level species richness in Carex of North America north of Mexico. We constructed a phylogeny of 477 species—an almost complete regional sample. We estimated rates of evolution of morphological traits, habitat, and climatic niche and assessed whether differences in rates of evolution correlate with species richness differences in replicate non‐nested sister clades. Our work demonstrates significant positive correlations between climatic niche rates, habitat and reproductive morphological evolution, and species richness. This coupling of trait and niche evolution and species richness in a diverse, continental clade sample strongly suggests that the ability of clades to explore niche and functional space has shaped disparities in richness and functional diversity across the North American flora region. Our findings highlight the importance of the evolutionary history of trait and niche evolution in shaping continental and regional floras.