North Java Research Articles

Influence of ENSO and IOD to Variability of Sea Surface Height in the North and South of Java Island

Indonesia is one of the largest archipelagic countries in the world. Besides being in the tropics, these waters are also located between two continents and two oceans that making this area are heavily influenced by the global atmospheric phenomena such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Sea level rise is one of the main threats faced by Indonesia and other island countries in the world. Not only global warming, sea level rise in the tropics also caused by inter annual variability such as ENSO and IOD. This research has been aimed to determine the influence of ENSO and IOD to variability of sea surface height in the north and south of Java. This research used Satellite altimetry data were constructed by multi-mission satellite. These results showed that the sea level anomaly generally inversely related to ENSO and Dipole Mode Index. The phenomenon that most influence a decrease sea level anomaly in the study area is a phenomenon IOD + and the phenomenon that most influenced the increase sea level anomaly is La Niña. South of Java is area that has the large effect of changes in sea levels than north of Java. During La Niña, sea level anomaly can be increase up to 0.3 m and sea level anomaly can be decrease up to -0.28 m during IOD+.

Genetic diversity of the causative agent of ice-ice disease of the seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii from Karimunjawa island, Indonesia

An essential step in investigating the bacterial role in the occurrence of diseases in Kappaphycus alvarezii is the characterization of bacteria associated with this seaweed. A molecular characterization was conducted on the genetic diversity of the causative agents of ice-ice disease associated with K. alvarezii widely known as the main source of kappa carrageenan. K. alvrezii infected with ice-ice were collected from the Karimunjawa island, North Java Sea, Indonesia. Using Zobell 2216E marine agar medium, nine bacterial species were isolated from the infected seaweed. The molecular characterizations revealed that the isolated bacteria causing ice-ice disease were closely related to the genera of Alteromonas, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Pseudoalteromonas, Glaciecola, Aurantimonas, and Rhodococcus. In order to identify the symptoms causative organisms, the isolated bacterial species were cultured and were evaluated for their pathogenity. Out of 9 species, only 3 isolates were able to cause the ice-ice symptoms and consisted of Alteromonas macleodii, Pseudoalteromonas issachenkonii and Aurantimonas coralicida. A. macleodii showed the highest pathogenity.

Application of Large-Scale 3D Non-Orthogonal Boundary Fitted Sediment Transport Model and Small-Scale Approach for Offshore Structure in Cimanuk Delta North Java Sea

The morphology of the Cimanuk Delta at the North Java Sea has changed rapidly over the last two decades. The annual sediment deposition is about two million cubic meters (Yuanita and Tingsanchali, [1]). The large-scale ocean hydrodynamics and sediment transport model MuSed3D (Muin, [2]) was applied to the North Java Sea to simulate suspended sediment transport at the study site. A potential offshore structure was positioned at approximately 30 km from the Cimanuk Delta. The result of the large-scale model was calibrated using observation data and Landsat satellite image interpretation. The agreement between the modeling results and the observations was excellent. It was found that the critical shear stresses for erosion and deposition were 0.1 Pa and 0.05 Pa respectively. An empirical formula was further utilized to assess the local scouring at the potential offshore structure site in a small-scale domain and under extreme conditions.

The desain of mangrove conservation area to increase resilience of Cimanuk Delta, Indramayu, West Java to climate change

Hadiana, Samosir AM. 2015. The design of mangrove conservation area to increase resilience of Cimanuk Delta, Indramayu, West Java to climate change. Bonorowo Wetlands 5: 63-76. Indramayu is one of coastal area in North Java many encountered caused impact by climate change, this seemed from storm intensity, abrasion and flood that happened more frequent. One of the management effort to reduce these impacts is the conservation. Conservation planning integrated into one form designation of conservation areas. This research aim was to determine the variable of coastal resources that are related to protection and gave the alternative plan of conservation area as an effort to brought back Cimanuk Delta condition toward climate change. The plan in scenario one generated core zone about 97,27 km2, limited utilization zone 75,35 km², sustainable fisheries zone 149,30 km², and others zone 116,07 km² of total aquatic study in Coastal of Indramayu (Delta Cimanuk) that have a total area about 437,9890 km². The plan in scenario two generated core zone about 102,07 km², and the plan in scenario three generated core zone about 120,45 km. Overall, the location that always selected as a conservation area located around Cemara, Pabean Ilir, Cantigi and Pagirikan Coastal area.

RETRIEVAL OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE OVER POTERAN ISLAND WATER OF INDONESIA WITH LANDSAT 8 TIRS IMAGE: A PRELIMINARY ALGORITHM

Abstract. The Sea Surface Temperature (SST) retrieval from satellites data Thus, it could provide SST data for a long time. Since, the algorithms of SST estimation by using Landsat 8 Thermal Band are sitedependence, we need to develop an applicable algorithm in Indonesian water. The aim of this research was to develop SST algorithms in the North Java Island Water. The data used are in-situ data measured on April 22, 2015 and also estimated brightness temperature data from Landsat 8 Thermal Band Image (band 10 and band 11). The algorithm was established using 45 data by assessing the relation of measured in-situ data and estimated brightness temperature. Then, the algorithm was validated by using another 40 points. The results showed that the good performance of the sea surface temperature algorithm with coefficient of determination (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.912 and 0.028, respectively.

Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria Associated with Brown Algae Sargassum spp. from Panjang Island and their Antibacterial Activities

Bacteria associated with brown algae represent a rich source of bioactive metabolites. Twenty-three marine bacterial strains associated with three species of brown algae Sargassum (S. polycystum, S. duplicatum and S. echinocarphum) were isolated using ZoBell 2216E from Panjang island, Jepara, North Java. The overlay and disk-diffusion methods were used to screen for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Molecular characterization was investigated using PCR amplification 16S rRNA gene sequence. Homology analysis was used by using BLAST to identify the similarity, while phylogenetic tree was constructed by using neighbour joining tree. The result showed that the active strains of bacteria IB.6a.1 (Acc. No. LC002977) belonging to Bacillus subtilis with 95% sequence similarities. These findings suggest that the identified strains may contribute to the search for new sources of antibacterial substances.

Effectiveness of Marine Fungal Symbiont Isolated from Soft Coral Sinularia sp. from Panjang Island as Antifungal

Soft corals are invertebrates living on coral reefs that produce bioactive compound that can be used such as an antibacterial, antifungal, anti-tumor,and anti inflamantory that are beneficial for the pharmaceutical industry. Several studies have shown that fungi are very rich of natural chemical compounds that are potential as a source of new drugs, but there is few research in marine fungal symbionts. In this research we collecteda soft coral Sinularia sp. as source of marine fungal symbionts from Panjang island of the North Java Sea.A total of15 fungi were successfully isolated and screened usingoverlay method against pathogenic fungi Candida Albicans and Aspergillus flavus. The results revealed that a fungalsymbiont was able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. Phytochemical tests showed that phenolic, triterpenoid and flavanoid compounds were detected within fungal extract. Molecular identification based on 18s rRNA gene showed that the active fungal was closely related to Aspergillus unguis.

Monitoring 137Cs and 134Cs at marine coasts in Indonesia between 2011 and 2013

Environmental samples (seawater, sediments and biota) were collected along the eastern and western Indonesian coasts between 2011 and 2013 to anticipate the possible impacts of the Fukushima radioactive releases in Indonesia. On the eastern coasts (south and north Sulawesi), the 137Cs concentrations in the seawater and sediments were 0.12–0.32Bqm−3 and 0.10–1.03Bqkg−1, respectively. On the western coasts (West Sumatra, Bangka Island, North Java, South Java and Madura island), the 137Cs concentrations in the seawater and sediments were 0.12–0.66Bqm−3 and 0.19–1.64Bqkg−1, respectively. In general, the 137Cs concentrations in the fish from several Indonesian coasts were <MDA – 109.75mBqkg−1. In contrast, the 137Cs concentrations in mollusk, crab and prawn were 10.65–38.78, 4.02 and 6.16mBqkg−1, respectively. 134Cs was not detected in the seawater, sediments or biota. Thus, it was concluded that 137Cs on the eastern and western Indonesian coasts originated from global fallout.

Aquatic Productivity Analysis based on The Relationship between Physical and Chemical of Benthic Sediment with NO3 and PO4 in the Estuarine of Tuntang River

There are several types of water mixing in the estuary, as anexample is tuntang river which could be a model in the coast of north java island.The aims of this research are known, the spatial distribution of physical structure, organic matter, including he content of Nitrogene and phosphor in the sediment. Further more the role of physical and chemical sediment are also evaluated. The research was conducted in of May 2014, in an area which devided into 11 stations : one of them is located before the esturary while in the west, north west, east and north east the station are distributed proportionally. The variables measured are total organic matters, total nitrogen, total phosphate, NO3-N, PO4-P , Dissolved oxygen, current, depth and visibility. The result of the research shown that spatial distribution of the sediment strongly suggest the form of clay in front of estuary, south westward as well as north westwards. Clay distribution is well influenced by organic matter and nitrogene while phosphate content tend to be randomly distributed. In the case of the the current is weak while the oxygen content is high enough so that the relationship between nitrogen and sediment of clay contribute to the water environment condition as eutrophic status. Keywords : Aquatic Productivity, Sediment, NO3, PO4, Tuntang River

Dangdut Beyond the Sex: Creating Intercorporeal Space through Nyawer Encounters in West Java, Indonesia

Sexuality, morality and Islam have come to occupy an important place in Indonesia's national public debates, with the sexualisation of female performers of the popular dangdut genre often a central feature. Intercorporeal relationships through nyawer encounters, formed on stage between dangdut singer-dancers and dancing audience members, sometimes include sexually provocative interplay, and a direct and publicly visible money transfer from dancing audience members to performers often accompanies such interplay. As a result, national public debate in Indonesia, but also most academic work on dangdut performers, tends to reduce the subject matter around these female performers to conservative moralising and feminist discourses of exploitation or empowerment. Such debates overlook many of the performers' perspectives and experiences as singer-dancers, and do not adequately acknowledge the role of these performers in a creative intercorporeal process. This article demonstrates that nyawer encounters feature social practices that are usually neither exploitative nor immoral, nor solely empowering. Indeed, nyawer encounters involve a dialectical relationship between culturally embedded understandings of appropriate behaviour, which are subject to the specific cultural environment of dangdut performances in the local villages of West Java's north coast, and the rather fluid and dynamic virtues that evolve in the intercorporeal space created between performer and audience member. By exploring nyawer encounters through an approach that considers the embodied lived experiences of the performers, this article challenges the connection often made between nyawer encounters and immorality, revealing such encounters to be creative processes through which conventional values and codes of behaviours are negotiated.

Technical Design of Danish Seine on North Java Waters

Cantrang (danish seine) is the most fishing gear used by fisheries along the coast of north java waters. The Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Affair of fishing gears regulation number 02/MEN/2011, cantrang operation areas more than areas 2 or 3 miles. They are using various size and design construction in each location. This paper would be descripting the design and construction of cantrang and comparing with Indonesian Standard (SNI) 01-7236-2006. The comparative value of net wing from Tegal more long than total length of net, circumference of mouth net cantrang Rembang approximately 60,84 meters more large than total length. The panel of webbing cantrang from Tegal has appropriate standar. Fishing ground of cantrangs are spread in north java waters approximately 30 – 60 meters. The operation of cantrang is all of year every day, especially when the wind condition from the east to the west areas, and sometimes they are operation in coastal area. Considering of comparation data , design and construction of fishing gear as cantrang from Brondong and Rembang are not related with SNI 01-7236-2006. Keyword: cantrang, danish seine, design, construction, webbing

The Investigation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon and Oil Degrading Bacteria Isolated from The Marina Port Ancol, Jakarta Bay

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as crude oil are widespread environmental pollutants. The contamination of air, soil, freshwater (surface water and groundwater), and marine environments by PAHs as well as crude oil has been reported. Of concern to public health is the fact that many PAHs or their metabolites are mutagenic, carcinogenic, or both. North Java coastal area such as Jakarta Bay is the polluted marine area in Indonesia as a result from anthropogenic wastes and the oil spill. Although evaporation and photo-oxidation play an important role in oil detoxification, ultimate and complete degradation is accomplished mainly by marine micro flora, and being dominant in this function. Certain bacteria are well-known could consume and degrade the PAHs as well as crude oil. Therefore investigating the potential PAH and oil degrading marine bacteria is important. In this study, we collected sample from oil polluted area in Marina Port Ancol, Jakarta Bay and isolated four PAH substrates and Arabian crude oil degrading marine bacteria using enrichment method and direct isolation method. As result, 223 strains could degrade PAHs, among these strains, 94 strains could degrade phenanthrene, 23 strains degrade fluoranthene, 92 strains could degrade dibenzotiophen, 14 strains could degrade phenotiazin and 106 isolates degrade crude oil. Key words: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, crude oil, degrading bacteria, bioremediation.

FISHERMEN ALLEVIATION POVERTY MODEL IN THE NORTH COASTAL EAST JAVA

Poverty is a multidimensional problem that the approach to eradicate poverty must also be multidimensional. The study aims to formulate a model of poverty alleviation in coastal fishing in the North Coast of East Java. Grounded research approach used to determine the causes, impacts and implications of poverty fishermen. The results showed that the main cause of poverty that occurred in the three districts in East Java's north coast is different from one another. In Gresik district, the major cause of poverty is law enforcements that do not support fishermen and overfishing. While Lamongan more due to low fish prices and capital problems. While in Tuban fishermen due to limited infrastructure and lazy and extravagant lifestyle of the fishermen. These differences lead to different coping strategies so that later can form a concept model of poverty alleviation North Coast fishermen in East Java.

The Cross-Equatorial Northerly Surge over the Maritime Continent and Its Relationship to Precipitation Patterns

This study describes the characteristics of the cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS), a northerly flow that appears intermittently over the equatorial region between October and April, and its relationship to the precipitation patterns over the Maritime Continent. The CENS in this study was defined as the area-averaged northerly wind exceeding 5 m s-1 over 105°E-115°E, 5°S-EQ based on the QuikSCAT sea surface wind data. During the 10 winters from December 2000 to March 2009, 62 CENS events were extracted and classified into the following patterns: 11 events were associated with cold surges and termed the CS pattern; 20 events were associated with tropical intra-seasonal variations and termed the MJO pattern; 16 events were associated with both cold surges and tropical intra-seasonal variations and termed the CS-MJO pattern; and other 15 events were not associated with these patterns. In the CS pattern, the development and dissipation processes of the cold surge appeared, and the increased precipitation to the north of the island of Java was significant. In the MJO pattern, a wide area of northerly winds in the vicinity of the depression around 10°S continued for a longer period than in the CS pattern, and the increased precipitation west of Sumatra and south of Java was significant. The CS-MJO pattern showed features of the northerly wind fields of both the CS and MJO patterns and was associated with the greatest increase in precipitation of the three patterns in the Maritime Continent, in particular, in northwestern Java and both north and south of Java. The generation of CENS was an important environmental factor for inducing the wide positive precipitation anomaly compared to the climatological mean over the Maritime Continent.

PENGARUH TEMPERATUR TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN NEMATODA SISTA KENTANG (GLOBODERA SPP.) INDONESIA

The effect of temperature on the development of Indonesian potato cyst nematode. Potato cyst nematode (PCN) is a serious pathogen of potato and is found in most potato producing areas of the world. In Indonesia, PCN was recently discovered and recognized as major constraint on potato. The growth and behaviour of nematodes are affected by the environment. Therefore, determination of the biology of PCN Indonesian populations is urgently needed to manage this pathogens effectively. The effect of temperature on biology factors of four PCN Indonesian populations (North Java 1, North Java 2, West Java, and Central Java) was studied at different temperatures levels (12, 15, 18, 21 and 24ºC) in the growth chamber. The aim of this research was to study the effect of temperature on development of PCN. Observation was conducted on cyst number, reproduction factor (Rf), survival, fecundity and multiplication of PCN. The optimum temperature range for maximum cysts production with the highest reproduction factor, survival, fecundity and multiplication rate for all populations was 15 - 21ºC. The hatching and development of all PCN populations reduced at temperature below 15ºC or above 21ºC.

Thrusting of a volcanic arc: a new structural model for Java

ABSTRACT Java is part of a volcanic island arc situated in the Indonesian archipelago at the southern margin of the Eurasian Plate. Sundaland continental crust, accreted to Eurasia by the Early Mesozoic, now underlies the shallow seas to the north of Java where there has been considerable petroleum exploration. Java has an apparently simple structure in which the east–west physiographic zones identified by van Bemmelen broadly correspond to structural zones. In the north there is the margin of the Sunda Shelf and, in southern Java, there are Cenozoic volcanic arc rocks produced by spatially and temporally discrete episodes of subduction-related volcanism. Between the Sunda Shelf and the volcanic rocks are Cenozoic depocentres of different ages containing sedimentary and volcanic material derived from north and south. This simplicity is complicated by structures inherited from the oldest period of subduction identified beneath Java, in the Cretaceous, by extension related to development of the volcanic arcs, by extension related to development of the Makassar Straits, by late Cenozoic contraction, and by cross-arc extensional faults which are active today. Based on field observations in different parts of Java, we suggest that major thrusting in southern Java has been overlooked. The thrusting has displaced some of the Early Cenozoic volcanic arc rocks northwards by 50 km or more. We suggest Java can be separated into three distinct structural sectors that broadly correspond to the regions of West, Central and East Java. Central Java displays the deepest structural levels of a series of north-directed thrusts, and Cretaceous basement is exposed; the overthrust volcanic arc has been largely removed by erosion. In West and East Java the overthrust volcanic arc is still preserved. In West Java the arc is now thrust onto the shelf sequences that formed on the Sundaland continental margin. In East Java the volcanic arc is thrust onto a thick volcanic/sedimentary sequence formed north of the arc in a flexural basin due largely to volcanic arc loading. All the components required for a petroleum system are present. This hypothesis is yet to be tested by seismic studies and drilling, but, if correct, there may be unexplored petroleum systems in south Java that are worth investigating.

A new approach to visualize ecosystem health by using parasites

A new approach is chosen to visualize ecosystem health by using parasite bioindicators in Segara Anakan Lagoon, a brackish water ecosystem at the southern Java coast, Indonesia. Three fish species (Mugil cephalus, Scatophagus argus, Epinephelus coioides) were collected in two different years and sampling sites and studied for ecto- and endoparasites. Additional data were taken for E. coioides from two further sites in Lampung Bay, Sumatra, and for E. fucoguttatus out of floating cages from a mariculture facility in the Thousand Islands, Jakarta Bay, North Java. The parasite fauna of fishes inside the lagoon was characterized by a high number of ecto- and a low number of endoparasites, the endoparasite diversity was relatively low and the prevalence of ectocommensalistic trichodinid ciliates was high. These parameters were chosen to indicate the biological conditions inside the lagoon. In E. coioides during rainy season, the prevalence of trichodinid ciliates was highest inside the lagoon (55%) compared with 27% in an open-net-cage mariculture and 5.7% in free-living specimens in Lampung Bay. The endoparasite diversity (Shannon-Wiener) was lowest in fish from Segara Anakan lagoon (0.66) compared with fish from an open-net-cage mariculture (0.71) and free-living specimens (1.39). Results for E. fuscoguttatus from the mariculture site in the Thousand Islands, a relatively undisturbed marine environment, demonstrated high parasite diversity (1.58) in the cultivated fish, a high number of endoparasites, and no trichodinids. A star graph is used to visualize the parasite composition for the different fishes, sampling sites, and conditions, using (1) the prevalence of trichodinid ciliates, (2) the ecto/endoparasite ratio and (3) the endoparasite diversity as bioindicators. The application of the star graph is suggested to be a suitable tool to visualize and monitor environmental health under high parasite biodiversity conditions within tropical ecosystems. It can also support a better communication to stake holders and decision makers in order to monitor environmental impact and change.

Phylogenetic Diversity of the Causative Agents of Vibriosis Associated with Groupers Fish from Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia

A molecular-based study was conducted to estimate the richness of the causative agents of vibriosis associated with groupers from Karimunjawa islands, North Java Sea, Indonesia. Moribound grouper fish were collected from the cage cultures and a total of 32 isolates were isolated from external wound and kidney of groupers. Based on the repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) and Koch postulate test, eight isolates were chosen for further sequencings. On the basis of the sequence analysis, the data showed that the causative agents are closely related with Vibrio natriegen, V. o!iviceaus, V fortEs, V alginolitycus, V harveyt, V parahemo!itycus, V damse!a and V carchariae, respectively. Present study highlighted the effectiveness of rep-PCR in rapid grouping and estimating the richness of the causative agents of vibriosis associated with the groupers

Richness of Secondary Metabolite-Producing Marine Bacteria Associated with Sponge Haliclona sp.

A total of 8 bacterial isolates associated with sponge Haliclona sp. collected from Bandengan water, Jepara, North Java Sea, Indonesia, was successfully screened for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Staphylococcus aureus. Active bacterial isolates were rapidly grouped by using rep-PCR and a dendrogram was constnicted. Five isolates were selected based on the constructed dendrogram for subsequent DNA sequencings resulted in the richness of secondary metabolite-producing sponge associated-bacteria having closest similarity to Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudovibrio denitrjficans, Pseudoalteromonas sp., alpha proteobacterium and uncultured bacterium clone. The present study highlighted the repetitive-PCR method as a powerful tool for estimating the richness of secondary metabolite-producing parts among sponge colonizers.

Antibacterial Activity of Marine Bacterium Pseudomonas sp. Associated with Soft Coral Sinularia polydactyla against Streptococcus equi Subsp. zooepidemicus

A marine bacterium associated with soft coral Sinularia polydactyla collected from Bandengan water, Jepara, North Java Sea, Indonesia, was successfully screened for antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacterium Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus K6.72 isolated from infected monkey of the island of Bali and identified based on morphological, biochemical and molecular methods. Marine bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on its 16S rDNA and was found to amplify gene fragments of Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). Cloning and subsequent sequencing, a 360 bp long DNA fragment was obtained and the deduced amino acid sequence showed conserved signature regions for peptide synthetases and revealed a high similarity of 61.1% to genes peptide synthetase of Bacillus subtilis