North London Research Articles

John Eastoe (1926–2021)

John Eric Eastoe was born in Stoke Newington, north London, in 1926 to Sunday school teacher Winifred and real-estate quantity surveyor Eric. He was very bright with a natural aptitude for science and attended Hungerford Road Infant and Junior School before earning himself a place at Minchenden Grammar School. In 1947, John graduated from Imperial College London with a BSc in chemistry. He continued his studies at Imperial and, under the supervision of Professor Cook in the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, gained a PhD in plant nutrition in 1950 with his thesis entitled ‘A study of the effect of the porous earthenware flower pot on the nutrition of plants’.On completing his PhD, John took up a post as Senior Research Officer at the British Gelatine and Glue Research Association in London where Professor Alan Ward was in the process of assembling a team of bright young scientists, whose purpose was to study the scientific basis of gelatine and animal glue manufacture and use. John not only became part of the scientific endeavour at ‘BG squared’ (BG2), as he affectionately referred to the Association, but it was also where he met his future wife, Beryl, who was employed there as a lab technician. They married in 1951. In 1957, John moved on to the Department of Dental Science at the Royal College of Surgeons of England, where he became a Leverhulme and Freemasons Research Fellow in the Department of Dental Science. This shift in research interests proved fruitful, and he went on to receive various awards for his contributions to dental research: the Colgate–Palmolive Prize for Dental Research (1960; International Association for Dental Research [IADR]); the European Organisation for Caries Research (ORCA) Prize (1965) for work on enamel proteins; and an IADR Distinguished Scientist Award for Basic Research in Biological Mineralisation (1969). In 1965, he was awarded a DSc (Biochemistry) on the merits of his published work, the scientific achievement he was most proud of. In 1980, John and Beryl relocated from London to the North East, where John was appointed Professor of Oral Physiology/Biology and Head of the Department of Oral Physiology (later Oral Biology) at Newcastle University. Five years later he became an elected Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons (Dental Surgery; FDSRCS) and in 1990 he retired, remaining an emeritus professor of Newcastle University.At 94 years young, John had outlived most of his colleagues and contemporaries, and retrospectively piecing together his academic career and research interests has been hampered somewhat by the passage of time and our own lack of expertise. Nonetheless, looking back over his extensive published work reveals an interesting journey from his early days in plant nutrition and flowerpots, via gelatine and collagen research, papers on bone composition and analytical methods and seminal work on enamel proteins (including amelogenins), through to numerous publications in the field of dental and oral biology. In addition, John also (co-)authored a number of text books over the course of his career and latterly served as an editorial advisor for the Biochemical Journal, remaining a member of the Biochemical Society throughout his retirement. It seems that his natural curiosity, intellect and understanding of biochemistry, coupled with a thorough application of basic science and analytical techniques, took him a long way.Although not dentally qualified himself, John did exceptionally well working alongside dental professionals. One of the things he enjoyed most about his role at Newcastle University was the care of his students, and he took a keen interest in both teaching and pastoral care, also serving as an external examiner for a number of UK universities as well as the Universities of Hong Kong and Malaysia. One graduate from the dental school at Newcastle who was interviewed, and later taught, by ‘Prof’ Eastoe recalled how he would play classical music at the beginning of his lectures. Another very fondly described how Prof’s door was always open and remembers his enthusiasm, encouragement and support and the integral role this played in her studies, and subsequently her professional development.John was an intelligent man with an inquiring mind, which remained sharp even in his 90s. He was also funny, thoughtful and caring – a true gentleman. John sadly passed away in February 2021 and is survived by his wife Beryl, children Sally and Richard, seven grandchildren and nine great grandchildren. He will be missed and remembered affectionately by all who had the privilege of knowing him.

Improved drawdown facilities at three flood storage reservoirs

The Hertfordshire and North London Area of the Environment Agency has 18 flood storage reservoirs (FSRs) which come within the remit of the Reservoirs Act 1975. Many have fixed flow control orifices, which cannot be changed when the reservoir is in operation. A review was carried out to determine the ability of the flow control systems to provide drawdown at these reservoirs, considering both the latest guidance on drawdown rates and the ability of the reservoirs to empty quickly to accommodate subsequent floods. The ratio of full storage volume to maximum allowable outflow was used to rank the 18 reservoirs, in order to identify whether investigations into additional drawdown facilities were needed. Three reservoirs were found to require alterations to their outflow controls so that they could provide adequate emergency drawdown. The works required at these three FSRs are described, all of which involve penstocks with differing methods of operation – two being remotely operated.

In memoriam: The who, how, where and when of statues

Statues are in the news. Controversies are swirling around the slave trader and philanthropist Edward Colston in Bristol, Confederate generals, soldiers and leaders in the United States, and the sculpture in honour of Mary Wollstonecraft in Newington Green in North London. In some cases, the attacks have been physical as well as verbal, and such moves have provoked counter-moves in defence of certain statues or statues of a certain kind. People are paying attention to and reflecting on monuments that they might normally pass by without a glance or thought. Nor has the conversation simply been about the authorised and unauthorised relocation or dismantling of statues: there has also been considerable enthusiasm for erecting new ones. In this paper, I argue that it is healthy to have such debates and important in a functioning democracy. However, before we can consider why some statues and monuments have become so controversial, and how best to resolve the controversies, we first need to understand the many different reasons why statues might be erected in the first place, and why they might continue to be valued and preserved. We also need to consider secondary intentions in their creation, and other social functions they might serve, whether intended or not. We need to reflect on the who, how, where and when of statues before we can understand their defacement or destruction.

Improving patient waiting times and quality of care by arranging access to notes from a neighbouring trust

AimsWe aim to improve waiting times in the Emergency Department and improve the overall quality of care of out-of-area patients by arranging for the liaison team to have access to the electronic notes system of a neighbouring trust.MethodSt Thomas’ Hospital is located in south London, right opposite the City of Westminster. As a result, approximately 20% of patients we see in mental health liaison are from that locality. Given that they belong to a different trust, we do not have access to their notes, which leads to a delay in trying to establish whether they are known to local mental health services. Often, staff are reluctant to divulge information. When information is shared, it is often late and/or incomplete. We approached the Chief Clinical Information Officer and Head of Information Governance from Central and North West London (CNWL) NHS Foundation Trust. We held weekly meetings which included both IT departments. Our IT had to install the electronic notes application (SystmOne) on our computers and open relevant firewall ports. The information is access through an NHS Smartcard, therefore CNWL had to authorise read-only Smartcard profiles for every member of the liaison team. A quick reference guide was created for all staff that would be using the new application. The system went live on 21 January 2021.ResultWe audited patient outcomes in December 2020 and February 2021 for initial comparison. In December 2020, the median time from referral to discharge was 6 hours 35 minutes. 25% of patients were admitted and 17% discharged with HTT. In February 2021, the median time from referral to discharge was 3 hours 19 minutes. 16% of patients were admitted and 5% discharged with HTT.ConclusionIt is likely that by reducing the time required for collateral information, overall waiting times in the emergency department will be reduced. Clinicians are likely to feel more confident in their discharge planning if they have access to all clinical notes and previous risk assessments, which might in turn reduce referrals to HTT or admission. There should be further attempts by neighbouring NHS trusts, especially in London, to ensure access to their electronic notes system in order to reduce waiting times and improve the quality of patient care. We have already been approached for more information by a trust in North London who are interested in establishing access to a neighbouring trust's notes.

Improving attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine in forensic mental health workers: a quality improvement project

AimsThe primary aim of the project was to improve attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine in forensic mental health staff at a large regional tertiary forensic psychiatry unit. The main variable examined was attitudes towards safety of the vaccine. Secondary aims included decreasing misinformation about the vaccine and improving vaccine uptake.MethodPaper questionnaires were distributed to willing staff members across 6 forensic inpatient wards within the North London Forensic Service. Participants included a range of allied health professionals including nurses, health care assistants, ward managers, occupational therapists, assistant therapists and administrative staff. Questionnaires used a mixture of Likert scale for agreement/disagreement with statements and yes/no questions.Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) methodology was utilised in implementing changes, and repeat questionnaires used to measure changes in attitude and behaviour. Change ideas implemented included the creation of ‘mythbusters’ posters which target vaccine misinformation, the creation and distribution of posters of staff members who had already taken their vaccine, the creation of vaccine champions to aid engagement in conversation about the vaccine, vaccine information packs being distributed to all wards and the opportunity for staff to ‘drop-in’ to clinics for information about the vaccine.ResultVaccine uptake improved from 7% before interventions to 69% after interventions.The proportion of people very unlikely or unlikely to get the vaccine reduced from 25% to just 9%. The proportion of those feeling neutral reduced from 32% to 6%. The proportion of those either likely or very likely to get the vaccine increased from 34% to 85%.Before interventions only 20% felt that the vaccine was either safe or very safe. This improved to 63% after interventionsBefore interventions, only 27% of respondents felt they had received enough information by the trust to make an informed decision. After interventions, 80% said they had received enough information.The project was successful in reducing misinformation in every domain. Particularly reassuring was the reduction to zero of some of the most harmful misinformation claims, such as the presence of a tracking chip in the vaccine and the belief that COVID does not exist.71% of respondents indicated the interventions we set out changed their view on the COVID-19 vaccine.ConclusionThe changes implemented lead to clear improvements in all domains measured, suggesting targeted information is an effective strategy in improving uptake and attitudes around the vaccination program.

Understanding perceptions of contemporary antisemitism among Orthodox Jews in London

ABSTRACT Communal statistics and media reports reflect that there has been a resurgence of antisemitism. This paper explores whether this evidenced rise of antisemitism is effecting the Jewish community, in particular the Orthodox Jewish community. It elucidates the perceptions of Orthodox Jews in North London about the scale and significance of antisemitism. The study, which was informed by sociological framework, employed a qualitative approach using 28 semi-structured interviews and 5 focus groups. This article is important because it explores whether the perceptions of antisemitism were accentuated among this prime target group. This paper will first consider the shift in the manifestation of antisemitism which has been noted by Orthodox Jews. Second, this paper will consider the various contributory factors which influenced the framing of those varied perceptions.

Outcomes for cancer patients on systemic anti-cancer therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic from the CAPITOL (COVID-19 Cancer PatIenT Outcomes in North London) cohort study.

10567 Background: One of the major challenges with COVID-19 has been the changes to cancer services, including changes to the type of systemic anti-cancer treatment being delivered to patients. There needs to be a better understanding of which cancer patients are at the greatest amount of risk to make informed decisions on how cancer treatment can be altered to protect patients from COVID-19 infection. The CAPITOL (COVID-19 CAncer PatIenT Outcomes in North London) study investigated the outcomes of patients receiving systemic anti-cancer therapies (SACT) with regards to COVID-19 infection, as patients with cancer are hypothesised to be at higher risk. Methods: CAPITOL collected data from all patients receiving SACT at two cancer centres. The effect of clinical characteristics on the incidence and severity of COVID-19 infection in patients on SACT was the primary outcome, and we used univariable and multivariable models in our analysis, adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities. Results: 2871 patients were analysed from 2nd March to 31st May 2020, all of whom received SACT; during this time period 68 (2.4%) were diagnosed with COVID-19. Receiving SACT increased the risk of death when contracting COVID-19 (adjusted (adj.) OR 9.84; 95% CI 5.73 – 16.9). The risk of contracting COVID-19 was increased by receiving chemotherapy (adj. OR 2.99; 95% CI = 1.72 - 5.21), with the risk significantly increased by high dose chemotherapy (adj. OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.35 – 6.48). Patients with comorbidities (adjusted OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.19 - 4.38), or with a respiratory or intrathoracic neoplasm (adj. OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.04 - 4.36) were also at increased risk of contracting COVID-19. Cancer patients who received targeted treatment had a reduced risk of contracting COVID-19 (adj. OR 0.53; 95% CI 0.30 – 0.95), while there was no significant change in risk caused by treatment intent (curative versus palliative), hormonal- or immunotherapy and solid versus haematological cancers. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first investigations into the risk of contracting COVID-19 in a cohort of all cancer patients on SACT. We found that patients on SACT are more likely to die if they contract COVID-19. The type of SACT received by cancer patients can affect their likelihood of contacting COVID-19, with chemotherapy increasing risk, targeted therapy decreasing risk and a potential protective effect for hormonal and immunotherapy.

Analysis of the air pollution climate of a central urban roadside supersite: London, Marylebone Road

The London Marylebone Road monitoring site is a roadside supersite adjacent to a highway carrying 80–90,000 vehicles per day on six lanes in a street canyon. Data from the Automatic Urban and Rural Network (AURN), Black Carbon Network, Automatic Hydrocarbon Network, Heavy Metal Network, Particle Size and Number and Particle Composition Network covering the period from 2009 to 2018 were analysed to determine short-term (diurnal, weekly and seasonal) and long-term variations and geographic source attribution. The contribution of roadside emissions relative to background sites (roadside increment) to the pollution climate was also investigated. The long-term trend analysis shows significant decline in regulated pollutants such as the particulate matter fractions (−4.0%; −3.93%/yr for PM2.5 and PM10 respectively) and gas phase pollutants associated with vehicular emissions (−5.5%; −1.22% and −2.1%/yr for CO, NOx and NO2 respectively), although concentrations of SO2 and O3 have remained relatively constant over the years. Equivalent Black carbon (eBC) and total particle number count have also declined over the years whereas the heavy metals show mixed results (only Cu, Ni and V shows significant downward trends). The inorganic ionic components of the PM10 fraction, elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC) and the volatile organic compounds all generally show declining trends over the period. Assessment of the diurnal variations shows elevated concentrations of the particulate matter fractions, the nitrogen oxides, CO and SO2 at periods corresponding to the traffic rush hours, whereas O3 peaked in the afternoon when there is less titration due to lower NO concentrations. The diurnal pattern of eBC and Total Particle Number Count are similar to NOx and show strong traffic influence. Cl, Mg, K and Na levels show no systematic pattern throughout, with their presence likely controlled by meteorological conditions, and Ca showing high concentrations in the afternoon because of resuspension of deposited dust resulting from turbulence created by vehicular movement, and eroded road-surface material. Ammonium and nitrate show their lowest concentrations during the day when the temperature is high, probably reflective of their semi-volatile nature, with sulphate producing a peak around mid-day. The VOCs, with the exception of ethane, give the bimodal peaks typical of traffic related emission in the diurnal plots and their pattern is more similar to CO than the other traffic emitted gaseous pollutants. Ethane is associated with leakages from gas supply pipes. The weekday plots show weekday (Monday – Friday) increases in traffic-related pollutants and a decline over the weekends due to lower traffic volumes, with the reverse observed for O3. K and the marine aerosol components show relatively similar concentrations on all days of the week, while Ca, NH4+, NO3− and SO42− all show a weekday maximum and decline over the weekend. The pollutants show seasonal variations; O3 shows a springtime maximum, with the traffic-emitted pollutants (NO, NOx, CO, EC, OC etc) giving a winter maximum due to increase in emission, lower mixing depth and poor dispersion. Particulate matter fractions and total particle count show lower concentrations in summertime reflective of the semi-volatile nature of some components. Ca shows less seasonal variability, with marine aerosol components showing a maximum winter concentration driven by higher wind speed conditions. NH4+, NO3− and SO42− show lowest levels in summer and maximum springtime concentrations. The traffic-related VOCs show a summertime minimum and wintertime maximum, while isoprene shows increased concentrations during summertime. The street canyon circulation causes the sampling of North London air on northerly winds, but enhanced traffic pollution when winds have a southerly component. There is a sizeable roadside increment above the local background for both exhaust (particulate matter mass fractions, particle number and eBC) and non-exhaust emissions (heavy metals). However, roadside increments of inorganic species, which include Ca, marine aerosol components and the secondary particulate matter components, are not significant, indicating that they are mainly controlled by regional transport of the pollutants. Polar plots show strong local contributions for the regulated gas phase pollutants and the carbon components (EC and OC), with O3 concentrations enhanced mainly from the northerly direction. The long-range contribution from mainland Europe to the particulate matter fractions is significant and occurs mainly as secondary aerosol. Ratios of OC/EC in particles have shown a steady increase due to a more rapid reduction of EC than OC.

Use of AUDIT-C alcohol screening tool in NHS general dental practices in North London.

Background The numerous health risks of excessive alcohol consumption are well documented. Individuals at risk of harm from alcohol consumption can be identified through alcohol screening tools; however, there is limited research regarding their use in general dental practices.Methods Data were collected as part of a feasibility trial evaluating delivery of brief alcohol advice in general dental practices in North London. Patient demographics and health-related behaviours were collected, and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) tool was used to assess alcohol consumption patterns.Results The analytical sample comprised 552 dental patients, of whom approximately half (46%) were drinking alcohol at hazardous levels. Males, younger adults, those who consumed red meat weekly and smokers all had significantly increased risks of excessive alcohol consumption. Smokers were more likely to consume excessive levels of alcohol irrespective of smoking frequency. Notable sex differences in alcohol consumption were identified, with males being more likely to consume alcohol frequently and in larger quantities than females.Conclusion The AUDIT-C tool can be used in general dental practice to screen for harmful levels of alcohol consumption. Clear associations exist between patient demographics, health behaviours and excessive alcohol consumption.

Educating the scientific housewife: the conceptualisation of housework in English girls’ day schools, 1870–1914

ABSTRACT As educational opportunities for women and girls expanded in the Victorian and Edwardian periods, science and domestic subjects were increasingly linked. This article draws upon research from the history of education and women’s history to examine how schools contributed to contemporary constructions of housework. It takes two case studies: the North London Collegiate School and Manchester High School for Girls. Both were new day schools for the daughters of the professional middle classes and faced the challenge of designing an appropriate course of study for future ladies. This article argues that these schools drew on the perceived relationship between science and domestic subjects to form their own conceptualisation of housework as an intellectual activity. Practical work in science and domestic subjects was central to this representation, as the schools acknowledged the realities of running a middle-class household. This conceptualisation of practical, intellectual housework aligned with the interests of female students and staff.

Carol Woolley Hill

A much-adored mum, granny and wife who filled many people's lives with love and fun. As a vet, she was a north London legend with a remarkable ability to connect with people and make a difference.

‘Antisemitism is just part of my day-to-day life’: Coping mechanisms adopted by Orthodox Jews in North London

This paper analyses the coping mechanisms which Orthodox Jews in North London have adopted in managing antisemitism. The study, which was informed by a sociological framework, employed a qualitative approach using 28 semi-structured interviews and five focus groups. The findings reveal that despite the high frequency of the victimisation, and despite the awareness among respondents that antisemitism has seen a resurgence in recent years, Orthodox Jews have managed to accept the victimisation. The way the Orthodox Jewish community has managed their victimisation of antisemitism is argued to be profoundly different from the dominant narratives of hate crime victims, in that by and large the majority of respondents accepted their victimisation. It proposes that respondents were able to show agency and to normalise the victimisation because of their strong religious identity and close community ties.

A tale of multi-species encounterings in mid-Victorian London: Controversies surrounding the Smithfield Livestock Market

In 1855, as a result of decades of controversy, the Smithfield Livestock Market was relocated from the historic center of London to Islington in north London. Taking on board post-humanist critiques of anthropocentricism, this study reexamines the controversy surrounding the removal of Smithfield Market with a multi-species attentiveness and places the experience and entanglements of various animal groups center-stage. It argues that the relocation of the market stemmed from the multi-species nature of the Smithfield system, just as its solution pivoted upon multi-species considerations. By focusing on the actual encounterings between humans and other animals, such as between cattle, sheep, dogs, drovers, butchers, local residents, horses, etc., at each stage of the operation of the livestock supply system, it demonstrates first how these relations constituted the system as well as the experience of the animals within it. It next examines the factors that impacted on the material-semiotic workings of the system and led to the eventual re-assemblage of the market in Islington, including the actions of interest groups, the agency of nonhuman animals, as well as the discourses on free trade, public health, meat quality, urban planning, and cruelty to animals. This study does not see the removal and re-assemblage of the market as an outright attempt to “exclude” nonhuman animals from the metropolis, thereby ignoring their interests, as some studies suggest. Instead, it regards the removal controversy as a serious attempt on the part of Victorians to learn to cope with multi-species co-existence and respond to the needs of different human and nonhuman groups as they saw fit. It is hoped that this retelling of the story of the Smithfield removal may revitalize the complex historical reality of multi-species entanglements that people once lived in and confronted, and serve as a vital resource for enlarging our capacity to live in the times of multi-species urgency in the Anthropocene.

Linguistic (il)legitimacy in Migration Encounters

Linguistic differences between groups of co-ethnic and/or co-national migrants in diasporic contexts can become grounds for constructing and displaying identities that distinguish (groups of) migrants on the basis of differences in the sociohistorical circumstances of migration (provenance, time of migration) and/or social factors such as class, socioeconomic status, or level of education. In this article, I explore how language became a source of ideological conflict between Greek Cypriot and Greek migrants in the context of a complementary school in north London. Analysing a set of semi-structured interviews with teachers, which were undertaken in 2018 as part of an ethnographically oriented project on language ideologies in Greek complementary schools, I show that Greek pupils and parents, who had migrated to the UK after 2010 pushed by the government-debt crisis in Greece, positioned themselves as linguistic authorities and developed discourses that delegitimised the multilingual and multidialectal practices of Greek Cypriot migrants. Their interventions centred around the use of Cypriot Greek and English features, drawn from the linguistic resources that did not conform with the expectations that “new” Greek migrants held about complementary schools and which were based on strictly monolingual and monodialectal language ideologies. To these, teachers responded with counter-discourses that re-valued contested practices as products of different linguistic repertoires that were shaped by different life courses and trajectories of linguistic resources acquisition.

Cycling-Related Injuries During COVID-19 Lockdown: A North London Experience.

There has been a notable surge in cycling injuries during the COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2 virus) pandemic. Cycling in general increased during lockdown as a leisure & fitness activity along with reduction in the use of public transport for commuting. We investigated the bicycle-related maxillofacial injuries & associations presenting through our emergency department(ED) which covers more than 1.6 million of London population. A retrospective observational study was undertaken in the Barnet General Hospital ("hub") which receives all maxillofacial referrals from 6 "spoke" hospitals & other urgent primary/community care practices in North London area between 16 March 2020 & 16 July 2020. All data corresponding to cycling injuries during the lockdown period was analyzed with the aid of trauma database/trust-wide electronic patient records. Twenty-two patients (6.7%) with cycling-related injuries out of a total of 322 patients who attended during the 4 months study period with maxillofacial emergencies were identified. Average age of patient cohort was 35.4 years, mainly consisting of adult males (77%). Seven patients had minor head injury and 1 patient suffered traumatic brain injury. About 59% patients did not wear a protective helmet & 3 patients had heavy alcohol/recreational drug intoxication during the accidents. Four patients needed inpatient admission and treatment under general anesthesia. Based on our humble study, we advocate the need for robust road & personal safety measures with mandatory government legislations, policing of drug intoxication & encouragement of physical & mental health improvement measures during these unprecedented times & beyond.

Julian Leff: innovator in the treatment of schizophrenia

If anyone was born to be a radical, it was the polymath Julian Leff, one of the most creative psychiatrists of his generation, and a pioneer in the treatment of...

Keith Llewellyn Rogers

The only son of television pioneer Keith Dudley Ulysses Rogers OBE and his wife, Gladys Evans, Keith Llewellyn Rogers was raised in pre-war Radlett before boarding at Llandovery School from...

7 The Elephant in the Room: An Innovative and Effective Approach to Multidisciplinary Advance Care Planning Training

Abstract Background Exploring patients’ preferences for future care is known to reduce adverse health outcomes, limit transfers between care settings institutionalisation and improve quality of life. Patients value opportunities to have honest conversations. In the recent “Talking about Dying” report from the Royal College of Physicians (RCP), it was found that healthcare professionals (HCPs) find it challenging to start conversations with patients and families. Yet the report highlights a need for HCPs to be equipped with the skills and confidence to provide opportunities for advance care planning in primary care, inpatient and outpatient settings. Methods A multi-disciplinary faculty delivered simulation sessions to 115 candidates (50.4% doctors, 33% nurses and 16.5% allied health professionals) from primary and secondary care. Eight half-day sessions have taken place across North London. Each session started with an introductory lecture, followed by simulated scenarios between a professional actor and candidate within small multi-disciplinary groups. Group discussion was facilitated and feedback given. We focused on acknowledging the progressive, complex and unpredictable nature of frailty. Scenarios included resuscitation, re-admission to hospital, risk feeding, complex discharge planning and cultural values in older adults. Results 100% would recommend this multidisciplinary simulation to teach advance care planning. Only 15.6% of candidates felt confident or very confident with conversations; this improved to 90.5% following the simulation and was maintained at 69.5% three months later. Understanding when advance care planning is appropriate improved from 70% to 100%. Three months after the training, 86% stated they had a sustained change in practice in ACP as a result of the course. Conclusion We have demonstrated that our multidisciplinary simulation is an effective format of improving understanding and confidence in having advance care planning conversations. These results are evident both immediately after and at the three month follow up stage demonstrating a sustained change in practice.

"Take Me Back to My Homeland Dead or Alive!": The Myth of Return Among London's Turkish-Speaking Community.

In classical diaspora literature, the “myth of return” has major significance. It is believed that the “myth of return” is embedded in the minds of immigrants from their arrival. This paper examines post-migration mobilities of the Turkish-speaking community in North London as well as the shift in narratives of homeland among diaspora communities; from the “myth of return” to ritual-like visits or mundane pilgrimages. My ethnographic study analyses the post-migration homeland visiting patterns of the Turkish-speaking community into four categories. I discuss how narratives of episodic homeland visits and the desire to be buried in the homeland have replaced the myth of return.

The political work of graffiti during the Covid-19 pandemic: a view from Tottenham, London

Graffiti and its ancillary forms have been used for a wide variety of purposes including ornamentation, territorial demarcation, commercial announcements and political contestation. This visual essay takes up Lyman Chaffee’s notion that graffiti can constitute an alternative media system that offers a glimpse into emerging and evolving political discourses. Using ‘walking-as-method’ in a north London neighbourhood, it surveys the array of political graffiti produced in the context of the UK’s first wave of Covid-19 and accompanying period of lockdown. In so doing, it presents a visual chronology of shifting popular opinion on the British state’s handling of the pandemic and illuminates the ways that the politics of pandemic management has intersected with other national and local concerns, from the resourcing of public services to the Black Lives Matter campaign.