North Kazakhstan Region Research Articles

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROTECTED AREAS IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN FOREST STEPPE IN THE SITUATION OF FULL COVERAGE BY AGRICULTURE

The entire territory of Northern Kazakhstan has been used for agriculture, causing deep transformation of landscapes, especially forest steppe, and degradation of animal biotopes. It is therefore necessary to comprehensively elucidate the consequences of this process. The development of virgin land and subsequent intensification of agricultural land use, eventually resulting in universal replacement of natural ecosystems with agrolandscapes have reduced habitat availability for many animals, wherefore establishment of game reserves, later on transformed into zoological reserves, was initiated. On the basis of studies carried out in the region in the 18 th -20 th cc. and the analysis of an extensive pool of zoogeographical data, we demonstrate stages in the loss of the zoological diversity of the forest steppe zone, and analyze quantitative and qualitative changes in the fauna of Mamlyutsky, Smirnovsky and Sogrovsky forest steppe zoological reserves in the North Kazakhstan region. The key factors behind the spatio-temporal decline in the number of animal species and their abundances since the foundation of the protected areas were identified. Systematization and analytical treatment of the results of long-term zoogeographical surveys of the above-listed nature reserves coupled with official statistical data and the findings of the authors' own field surveys (animals and birds counts; assessment of human impact on biotopes) in 2010-2016 allowed to reveal a downward population trend for a majority of species of southern and atypical kolok-type (with groves) forest steppe. The role of other negative factors - fires, poaching, fisheries (in addition to the dominating agriculture-related factors), has also increased. A number of actions to reverse the situation and stabilize the abundances of protected species are proposed for each of the nature reserves. An assumption is made that the only environment-friendly scenario allowing to preserve the representativeness of the nature reserves' fauna would be to reduce the excessive agriculture-related pressure both within the protected areas and in buffer zones.

Laws of Formation and Criteria for Predicting Nickel Content in Weathering Crusts of East Kazakhstan

ABSTRACT The article considers from the theoretical point of new global tectonics the geological conditions of formation, peculiar features of material composition, and criteria for predicting deposits of nickeliferous weathering crusts of east Kazakhstan. According to geotectonic zoning, this territory includes geological structures of the Big Altai (BA), which is part of the central Asian mobile belt. The ore-controlling role is assigned to the area of global interaction of the Kazakhstan and Siberian paleocontinents during the stage of the Hercynian collision (Ñ1-Ñ3) followed by the formation of the Zaisan suture zone, the structure of which is represented by the Charsky-Gornostaevsky ophiolite belt (suture stitch). During the Hercynian cycle of tectogenesis, main gold fields of the regions appeared in the Zaisan suture (gold-quartz, gold-sulphide, gold-listvenite, etc.) in a collision situation, controlled by a system of deep faults of the crust and mantle type. In similar tectonic environment, large stockwork gold deposits were formed in Rudny Altai, north Kazakhstan, and other regions. During the Cimmerian cycle, the residual weathering crust deposits of Au, Ti-Zr, Ni-Co were formed in the region of continental rifting. The article emphasizes the spatial association of silicate cobalt-nickel deposits to the outputs of serpentinized ultrabasites of the Charsky-Gornostaevsky belt and provides a characteristic of the geological structure and material composition of nickel content in ores of the Belogorskoye and Gornostaevskoye standard deposits. Expansion of prospects depends on the possibility of growth of reserves of cobalt and nickel ores on the flanks and deep horizons of the known ore fields and search for buried deposits in prospective areas determined by geological and geophysical studies.

Preliminary assessment of changes in the structure of small mammal communities caused by industrial pollution in the North Kazakhstan Region

This paper presents new data on small mammal communities in the industrial area of Pavlodar (Kazakhstan) for the first time. We have analyzed and compared diversity characteristics of small mammal communities found in a reference area and in an area of anthropogenic disturbance. The total abundance has been shown to increase with distance to the sources of pollution. A depauperate composition and single-dominance structure of species characterize the communities of small mammals in significantly disturbed areas. With a moderately intense level of anthropogenic stressors, species diversity increases, but the number of individual species decreases due to the fragmentation of habitats.

Ethnic variability of bladder cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Aim. To study the bladder cancer incidence in ethnic groups of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Methods. The study, covering the period from 2004 to 2013, included patients with newly diagnosed and registered cases of bladder cancer. Statistical methods of cancer incidence descriptive epidemiology were used. Besides, age-specific, crude and standardized indices of bladder cancer incidence were calculated.Results.In total in 10 years 4887 patients with bladder cancer were registered in Kazakhstan. Crude incidence rate of bladder cancer among the Kazakh ethnic group was the highest in Akmola (2.2) and Kostanay (2.2) regions, as well as in Almaty (2.1 per 100 thousand population). The lowest incidence rate among indigenous ethnic groups was registered in South Kazakhstan region - 0.8 per 100 thousand population. The highest average annual incidence of bladder cancer among Russians was registered in Almaty - 11.4 per 100 thousand population. The same high figures were registered in West Kazakhstan (11.0), North Kazakhstan (10.5), Kyzylorda (10.5) and Aktobe (10.0 per 100 thousand population) regions. The lowest incidence was observed among persons of Russian nationality in the Atyrau region (4.0 per 100 thousand population). In general, the incidence among the Kazakh ethnic group was 1.59±0.41 per 100 thousand, that was significantly less than among Russians - 8.25±1.88 per 100 thousand population (pConclusion. There is considerable ethnic variability in bladder cancer incidence in Kazakhstan: the incidence among Russians 5 times higher than among Kazakhs.

THE CONDITION OF THE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL RESOURCES OF THE PAVLODAR REGION

The Pavlodar region is located in the northeast of Kazakhstan. The most part of the territory of the Pavlodar region is in limits of the South of the West Siberian Plain on average a watercourse of the river Irtysh, and occupies the space of 127,5 thousand km ². In the north the area borders with the Russian Federation (Omsk region), in the south - with the Karaganda region, in the east - with East Kazakhstan, in the West - with Akmolinskaya and North Kazakhstan regions. Total, there are about 1000 archaeological monuments in the area, most of which, 705 are included in "The arch of monuments of the Pavlodar region", but the potential of their further identification isn't exhausted yet. From 12 districts of the region, the greatest numbers of monuments of archeology are three largest districts, Bayanaul, Mayskiy and Ekibastuz have, and then follow Pavlodar, Lebyazhinskiy, Shcherbaktinskiy and other districts. The article discusses the situation in the region at the moment as the main tourist cluster component.

СПИСОК ЧЕШУЕКРЫЛЫХ (INSECTA, LEPIDOPTERA) СЕВЕРНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА. ЧАСТЬ 2

New data on the Lepidoptera fauna of North Kazakhstan are presented, based on the materials from expeditions of 2015-2016 years and studying of collecting materials of previous years. 134 species are firstly reported from the North Kazakhstan Region, Depressaria sibirella Lvovsky, 1981 are firstly reported from Kazakhstan.

Комплексный показатель пожарной опасности сельской местности Республики Казахстан

Purpose. The purpose and objective of the research is to adapt the method of fire risk assessment to the municipalities of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the use of integrated (territorial) fire risks. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the theory of integral fire risks. Up to the present time in the Republic of Kazakhstan the complex index of fire danger countryside has not assessed. Without such research it is impossible to solve the problem of increasing fire safety level of municipalities. There is therefore a need to adapt the known method of fire risk assessment to the municipalities of the Republic of Kazakhstan and this assessment allows to characterize urban and rural fire risk, which determines the relevance of the study. Apply the technique of fire danger level assessment necessary for management decision-making to ensure the fire safety of municipalities based on an integrated indicator. Results. The serial analysis of fire risks carried out at the national and municipal levels. Based on the results of the research there are proved the values of the complex parameter to assess the level of fire danger municipalities. It was found that the average number of fires in the republic more urban than in rural areas, but the complex index of fire danger countryside more than 2 times worse than urban. The worst situation is in the countryside in Mangistau, Pavlodar, Akmola, North Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan and West Kazakhstan regions. Research application fields. The results can be used by local executive authorities and authorized bodies in the field of fire safety in the development of appropriate management decisions to reduce fire risk in rural areas of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as in the design of fire service. Conclusions. The analysis of fire danger countryside of the Republic of Kazakhstan showed that the complex index of fire danger in the countryside in 2 times worse than in the city. This circumstance is due to the fact that rural areas account for most fatalities and injuries. The main reasons for exceeding the number of injured and killed in the village is the remoteness of rural settlements from the fire and rescue units. The proposed approach to the assessment of fire danger levels countryside should be used in the development of measures to reduce fire risks in their respective territories.

Оценка агроклиматических ресурсов Cеверо-Казахстанской области

Оценка агроклиматических ресурсов Cеверо-Казахстанской области

Maternal mortality dynamics in Kazakhstan (1185.1)

In Kazakhstan, over the period since 2000‐2011, maternal mortality reduced per 100,000 live births, from 60.9 to 17.4 cases per year.Results: The analysis of indicators by regions in the Republic of Kazakhstan demonstrates the most favorable situation of reducing maternal mortality, what was observed in Mangistau region (from 160.5 to 24.7) in the Atyrau region (from 108.6 to 6.6) in Kostanai region (from 92.9 to 15.7) in the North‐Kazakhstan region (from 66.2) and in Astana (from 65 to 10.4). In the analysis of the absolute number of deaths during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum periods on the pregnants on the period since 2008‐2011 in Kazakhstan, up to 12 weeks ‐ in average of 3.5 cases of death per year in the period 13‐21 weeks‐6.5 cases per year of 22 weeks or more‐6.5 cases per year, women in labor and puerperal‐77.5 cases per year.During the period since 2008‐2011 an average cause maternal mortality 40.7 for extragenital diseases, 18.5 cases‐obstetric hemorrhage, 13,7‐from preeclampsia 10.7‐from abortion, 4.7‐from uterine rupture, 3,5‐from sepsis, 075‐from an ectopic pregnancy.During the period since 2008‐2011 in South Kazakhstan region recorded 40 maternal deaths from extragenital diseases, 13 cases‐from obstetric hemorrhage, 9 cases‐from Gestoses, total‐82 cases.For recent 6 months in 2013 in Kazakhstan demonstrates decrease in the maternal mortality rate ‐ 15.1% compared to the same period in 2012.

Frequency of NAT2 and GSTP1 polymorphisms in the Kazakh population.

IntroductionPhase II xenobiotic biotransformation enzymes perform detoxification of hydrophilic and often toxic Phase I products through glutathionetransferase (GST), UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDF), N-acetyltransferase (NAT) families and other enzymes. GST protein families metabolize a large number of electrophilic xenobiotics, by conjugating fusing them with glutathione. Arylamine-N-acetyltransferase (NAT) catalyzes the acetylation of the aromatic and heterocyclic amines.Materials and methodsThis study assesses the frequency of NAT2 and GSTP1 gene polymorphisms in 326 healthy individuals from different regions of Kazakhstan by using Real-Time PCR and direct sequencing methods.ResultsThe allele frequencies were calculated for NAT2*5 (0.54) and GSTP1 (0.27). GSTP1 alleles were in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05), while NAT2*5 (p = 0.00) were not. The population differences between North, Northeast and South Kazakhstan regions were also analyzed. No statistically significant differences in the frequency of genotypes were found.ConclusionAllelic polymorphisms of NAT2*5 and GSTP1 genes greatly varied indifferent populations. The Kazakh population was significantly different from the Asian, Caucasoid, African-American and Hispanic populations by NAT2*5 and GSTP1 genes. Allelic variants of the NAT2*5 had a low frequency in Asian populations. Allelic frequency in other world populations varied from 30 to 50%. The differences between Kazakh (0.54) and the world population were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The frequency of GSTP1 (rs1695) in the African American population was 42%. The frequency of GSTP1 in Asian populations varied from 11% to 23%. The frequency in Caucasoid populations was around 30%. The differences between Kazakh population (0.27) and other populations selected were statistically significant (p < 0.05).The study of mutations in GSTP1 and NAT2 genes is necessary in assessing the risk of the development of various diseases, such as cancer. Information on allelic polymorphisms might also be useful for personal perscriptions such as cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, methotrexate, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and rifampin.

Analysis of the regulation of the construction industry of the economy of Kazakhstan with natural and climatic risks on the example of Akmola, Pavlodar, Kostanay, North Kazakhstan regions

This article discusses the results of the analysis of weather and climatic risks on the example of Akmola, Pavlodar, Kostanay, North Kazakhstan regions.