North Jordan Research Articles

Evolution of Durability and Mechanical Behaviour of Mud Mortar Stabilized with Oil Shale Ash, Lime, and Cement

The investigation into earthen construction technologies and materials is now acknowledged as a crucial area requiring further research. Earthen mortars are prevalent in both modern and traditional construction due to the abundance of earth material, their favorable thermal properties, and their low embodied energy. The objective of this study is to support the use of natural materials collected from north Jordan to enhance the mechanical properties and durability of mud mortar. The local soil was stabilized using Oil Shale Ash (OSA), Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), and lime for producing mud mortar. Particle size analysis, plastic limit, liquid limit, XRD, and XRF were applied to assess the geotechnical characterization and mineral composition of the earthen stabilizers and local soil. In order to examine the mechanical properties (specifically compressive strength) and durability characteristics (such as water absorption and shrinkage) of mud mortar, a total of 8 mixtures were prepared. One of these mixtures served as a control, while the others were created by substituting soil with varying proportions of OSA, cement, and lime. The results show that the mud mortar contained 10% OSA and 10% cement, which exhibited the highest compressive strength. Moreover, an increase in the proportion of OSA in the soil led to a decrease in absorption and linear shrinkage, indicating that OSA is an effective stabilizing agent for mud mortar. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-09-06 Full Text: PDF

Clinical characteristics and management outcomes of Guillain-Barré syndrome: eight-year experience at a tertiary center in jordan - a retrospective cohort study.

This retrospective study looks at adult patients admitted to a major tertiary referral hospital in the north of Jordan between 2013 and 2021. A total of 30 patients met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Males were predominantly affected (70%) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.33. Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy variant was encountered in 60% of cases, whereas axonal variants, namely, acute motor axonal neuropathy and acute motor axonal and sensory neuropathy variants were seen in about 23% of cases. ICU admission was reported in 37% of patients and 6.7% required mechanical ventilation. Most patients had a favorable outcome with a GBS disability score of three or better at out-patient follow-up visits. Our cohort of patients showed a significant deviation in disease expression from that reported in other parts of the globe. This deviation was obvious in more prominent male predominance, frequencies of different GBS variants, and more favorable short-term morbidity/mortality outcomes. However, larger multicenter prospective studies are needed for confirmation of these results.

Potential utilization of oil shale as a stabilizing material for compressed Earth block

This research aims to produce a compressed Earth block (CEB) product locally from soil collected from North Jordan. The CEB mixture was further stabilized using oil shale (OS) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The CEB specimens were thoroughly characterized by studying their mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strength) and durability characteristics (erosion, absorption, and shrinkage tests). Eight mixtures were carried out for the CEB, one of which was the control mix. The other mixtures were carried out by replacing soil with OS, cement, and sand in different proportions. The results showed that higher compressive strength and flexural strength for CEB were obtained in the mixtures that contained 10% of OS and 10% of cement, resulting in an average compressive strength of 10.6 MPa and flexural strength of 0.25 MPa. The absorption increased when the OS increased in the soil. The consequent erosion test was related to the absorption test, where the higher the absorption, the more negative the results of the erosion test. Moreover, oil shale improved the shrinkage properties of the CEB, as the higher the proportion of oil shale in the CEB, the lower the shrinkage. Finally, using oil shale as a stabilizing agent in soil had a clear role in improving the mechanical properties, hiding the shrinkage cracks, and reducing the volume shrinkage value of the CEB.

Problems of Social Media and Their Relation to Family Disintegration: Perspectives from Families in Northern Jordan

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between social media (SM) and family disintegration from the perspectives of Jordanian families in Irbid city, located in the north of Jordan. It explores this relationship in light of various variables, including gender, age, family's monthly income, and educational level.
 Methods: The study sample consisted of 294 fathers and mothers randomly chosen from Irbid city. A questionnaire was used as a means of data collection.
 Results: The study revealed that 63.6% of the sample confirmed a strong relationship between social media and the increasing cases of family disintegration in Jordanian society. Additionally, 50.7% of the participants reported the occurrence of family disintegration cases within their social environment. The participants believed that social media has contributed to higher divorce rates, marital disputes, domestic violence, spouse desertion, and poor marital and family relations. They also identified social media as a source of family instability, citing its role in generating conflicts within families, facilitating sexual deviations among children, promoting unhealthy marital relationships, contributing to children's disobedience towards their fathers, increasing rates of marital infidelity in both women and men, and undermining the moral and value system of Jordanian families.
 Conclusions: The study concluded that there were no statistically significant differences in the effects of social media on family disintegration based on gender, family's monthly income, and educational level. The study recommends raising awareness among families and society about the potential dangers associated with improper use of social media platforms.

The Degree of Practicing Media Education Skills among Public School Teachers in Al-Kourah District in North of Jordan

The study aimed to reveal the degree to which Public School Teachers in Al-Kourah District in North of Jordan is Practicing Media Education Skills, and Identify the factors that influence the teachers’ degree to practice media education skills such as (Gender, Educational level, and Years of practice). Descriptive method was adopted, and the study population consisted of all the Public School Teachers in Al-Kourah District in Irbid governorate North of Jordan, a survey sampling used by distributing the questionnaire via google forms, a total of (311) respondents formed the sample. The designed questionnaire consisted of (31) items under the four main factors; Access (9 items), analyze (9 items), evaluate (6 items), and communicate (7 items), validity and reliability of the scale was tested on a pilot study and was valid and reliable. The result showed that the Degree of practicing Media Education Skill among Public School Teachers in Al-Kourah District was “Medium’ degree, the media education skills Analyzing and Access scored “High” degree of practice, while the Media Education Skills Evaluate and communicate scored “Medium”. Also, there was no significant statistical differences in the degree of practicing Media Education Skill and the teachers’ Gender, Educational level, and Years of practice.

Medication Adherence and Its Influencing Factors among Patients with Heart Failure: A Cross Sectional Study.

Background and objectives: The chronic nature of heart failure requires long-lasting consumption of various medications. Despite the therapeutic benefits of heart failure medications, about 50% of patients with heart failure don't adequately adhere to their medications as prescribed globally. This study aimed to determine medication adherence levels among Jordanians with heart failure and its influencing factors. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 164 patients with heart failure attending cardiac clinics in the north of Jordan. The Medication Adherence Scale was used to measure medication adherence. Results: Overall, 33.5% of patients had high adherence, and 47% had partial to poor adherence. The proportion of patients with good to high adherence was significantly higher among patients younger than 60 years, having >high school level of education, being married, living with somebody, and having insurance. Conclusions: Patient-centered approach, targeting age, level of education, marital status, and health insurance coverage, should be developed using evidence-based guidelines to enhance adherence to medication and health outcomes in Jordanian patients with heart failure. The development and implementation of new and feasible strategies, particularly suited to Jordan's healthcare system capabilities, is important to improve medication adherence.

The Impact of Behavioral Economics-Based Counseling and Mobile Phone Text Educational and Reminder Messages on the Use of Modern Family Planning in Jordan: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Favorable attitudes toward modern family planning methods (MFPMs) among Jordanian and Syrian women do not always translate into behavioral changes, and the availability and cost of MFPMs do not appear to be related to either prior stalls in fertility rates in Jordan or to the current and likely temporary decline in fertility rates. This study aimed to determine whether behavioral economics (BE)-based family planning interventions influence the use of any family planning method, MFPMs use, continuation of MFPMs use, and pregnancy rates among women in Jordan. The BE-based family planning interventions included personalized text messaging and augmented counseling based on framing and identity-priming BE principles, with their effects tested over a 9-month period in the postpartum period following the birth of a child. A parallel-group cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare two interventions, augmented counseling based on framing and identity-priming BE principles and personalized mobile phone text messages reminders, aiming to improve the utilization of MFPMs among postpartum women over status quo family planning services in comprehensive health centers in the north of Jordan. In total, 1032 participated in the study: 295 women in the control group; 326 women in Intervention Group 1, which received only augmented counseling; and 411 women in intervention Group 2, which received augmented counseling and monthly text messages. The rates of using MFPMs in the counseling group and the counseling and messages group 3 months (54.7% and 57.1%, respectively), 6 months (50.0% and 51.7%, respectively), and 9 months (49.5% and 52.0%, respectively) were significantly higher than the rates among women in the control group (40.6% at 3 months, 37.6% at 6 months, and 34.3% at 9 months). Overall, 26.8% of women in the control group, 42.1% of women in the counseling-only group, and 45.2% of women in the counseling and messages group used MFPMs continuously for all 9 months. At 9 months, the pregnancy rate was significantly much higher in the control group (13.7%) compared to women in the counseling-only group (7.0%) and to women in the counseling and messages group (7.4%). Simple BE-based interventions can be effective methods for enhancing the use of MFPMs and maintaining the anticipated decline in Jordan's total fertility rate.

Separate souls under one roof: Jordanian women's perspectives of emotional divorce

Emotional Divorce (ED) is a relatively new concept that has garnered global attention as an unrecognized form of separation and a precursor to formal divorce. To gain a deeper understanding of Jordanian women's experience with ED, a descriptive qualitative approach was used. A purposive sample and snowballing were used to collect data from 17 married Muslim women over the age of 20 years from the north of Jordan between March and May 2021. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, face-to-face or video calls. Women were asked about the nature of their current relationship with their husbands, experiences of ED and its impacts on their health and sexual well-being. The analysis revealed several themes and sub-themes. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the women are experiencing ED, characterized by a sense of disconnection and separation from their husbands, as evidenced by physical distance, emotional silence, and lack of intimacy. The impact of this emotional distance extends beyond the emotional realm, affecting their physical, psychological, social, and sexual well-being. Despite the pain and the difficulties they endure, women carefully weighed their options, including the risks of legal divorce, and chose to stay in their marriages for the sake of their children and of avoiding the social stigma attached to divorce.

Root and canal morphology of third molar teeth

Restorative and prosthetic considerations usually necessitates endodontic treatment of third molars in order to retain them as a functional component of the dental arch. However, the anatomy of third molars has been described as unpredictable. To date, there has been little published work on root and canal morphology of third molars, with an adequate sample size. The aim of this study was to investigate root and canal morphology of third molars. Maxillary and mandibular third molars were gathered from dental surgeries within north Jordan. Following access cavity preparation, pulp tissue was removed and root canals stained. Teeth were subject to examination after rendering them clear by immersion in methyl salicylate, and the following features evaluated: (1) number of roots; (2) number and type of root canals; (3) number and position of lateral canals; and (4) presence of inter-canal communications. Out of the examined 592 maxillary third molars, 69.9% had three roots, 10.81% had one, 9.79% had two, 9.12% had four, and 0.34% had five roots. Most had three (52.36%) and four canals (28.2%) with less frequency of two (11.48%), one (5.91%) and five canals (2.03%). Of the 639 mandibular third molars, 89.76% had two roots, 7.35% had three, 2.5% had one, and 0.47% had four roots. Most had three (55.71%) and two canals (29.42%) with less frequency of four (13.61%), one (1.09%) and five canals (0.15%). The majority of maxillary third molars had 3 roots, while the majority of mandibular third molars had two. Overall, nearly half of the maxillary and mandibular third molars had three canals. New canal configurations, not previously described in the literature nor included in Vertucci’s classifications, were identified in both maxillary and mandibular third molars.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare associated infections: A teaching hospital experience.

Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, with a high capability of contagious distribution, where national secondary and co-infections characterization are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on infection rates among patients admitted to the intensive care units at King Abdullah University Hospital, profiling the drug resistance rates nationally. This is a cross-sectional study of COVID-19 associated infections that was conducted at a teaching hospital, in the north of Jordan. It included all COVID-19 patients who were admitted to intensive care units during the first and second pandemic waves. Data on age, gender, length of stay, co-morbidities, co-infections and sensitivity to antibiotics were retrospectively collected from the hospital information database. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. A total of 589 COVID-19 patients were included, of whom 20% developed bacterial associated infections. The ratio of bacterial co-infection to secondary infections was 1:8. Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii (40.1%), Eschericia coli (17.5%), Klebsiella pneumonia (6.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.1%) were the most abundant isolated species. The detection rates of E coli (ESBL), K pneumonia (ESBL), A baumannii (CRO), P aeruginosa (CRO), S aureus (MRSA) were 52%, 67%, 97%, 44%, and 67%, respectively.

Students’ sociocultural factors related to violence among Jordanian high school students

This study aimed to identify the Sociocultural factors (student personal factors, factors related to the family, and factors related to community) that are related to the phenomenon of school violence among high school students in Irbid and Bani Obaid district in north of Jordan, the sample consisted of (312) male and female students who are registered in the academic year 2022/2023. A self-reported Questionnaire was distributed using Google forms using snow ball sampling method, data collected From October 2022 to the end of November 2022.The questionnaire was designed and modified by researcher, included ( 30 ) paragraphs containing the factors related to school violence, divided into three areas; The first field: student Personal factors and contains (9) paragraphs, and the second field: factors related to family, and contains (10) paragraphs, and the third field: factors related to community, and contains (11) paragraphs. The results showed that the “student personal factors” came in the first place as the highest related factor to scool violence (M=3.86, SD=0.82), and the factors related to Family came in the second place (M=3.69, SD=0.77 ), and in the last place the factors related to the community mean of (M=3.32, SD= 0.67) was moderately related to school violence. In recommendation: a diverse educational environment, and increasing school activities, and increase participation of parents in evaluating and correcting students who are involved in violent practices to reduce school violence.

Bioremoval of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Green Algae (Bracteacoccus sp.) Isolated from North Jordan: Optimization, Kinetic, and Isotherm Studies

Algae provide an alternative, sustainable, and environmentally beneficial method of dyetreatment. In this study, algae were successfully used to remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. The effects of several parameters, such as initial concentration of MB (5–25 mg L−1), algae dosage (0.02–0.1 g mL−1), temperature (4, 20, and 30 °C), and contact time (24, 48, 72 and 84 h), on MB removal were investigated. In addition, the characterization of MB before and after treatment was achieved using UV-spectrophotometer and Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The experimental data were applied to three kinetic models, namely pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elvoich. Moreover, Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Raduskevich (D–R), and Temkin isotherm models were tested. The maximum removal efficiency of MB (~96%) was accomplished at optimum conditions at the initial concentration of MB (15 mg L−1), temperature (30 °C), and algae dosage (0.06 g mL−1) after 60 min of contact time. The removal of MB follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.999), and the experimental data is best fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.9300).

Pattern of Uveitis in a Tertiary Hospital in North Jordan and the Impact of Behcet's Disease.

The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of autoimmune-mediated uveitis in relation to other diseases and to describe the clinical patterns of uveitis in a single tertiary hospital in north Jordan. A cross-sectional retrospective review was performed. We included all patients diagnosed with uveitis in King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH) ophthalmology clinic and/or patients referred to KAUH rheumatology clinics for evaluation of suspected autoimmune mediated uveitis or for difficult to treat uveitis. This included patients from January 2015 to January 2019. Data collected about patients' age, sex, anatomical location of the disease, etiology, treatment, complications, and outcomes on vision loss were analyzed. A total of 221 patients were included in our study. The mean (±SD) age was 36 (±16) years. A total of 111 patients were female and 110 were male with a ratio of 1 : 1. Noninfectious uveitis was found to be more common than infectious uveitis (95% vs. 5% respectively). Autoimmune-mediated uveitis accounted for 40% of the total cases. The most common causes of autoimmune-mediated uveitis included Behcet's disease (n = 41, 19%) and seronegative spondyloarthropathy (n = 29, 13%). The majority of patients (n = 207, 94%) were treated with ophthalmic eye drops, cDMARDs (n = 101, 46%), biologics (n = 33, 15%), and colchicine (n = 30, 14%). Autoimmune-mediated uveitis, most commonly associated with Behcet's disease and seronegative spondyloarthropathy, represents a high percentage of uveitis in our area. This implies the need for a high index of suspicion at the time of evaluation.

The pattern of orbital walls fractures in north of Jordan.

The aim of this study was to examine the incidence and demographic characteristics of patients with orbital walls fractures who were treated in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of a tertiary hospital in Jordan. A retrospective cohort study of patients with a diagnosis of with selected orbital walls fracture was designed and implemented, during a two-year period between January 2020 and December 2021. Information on patients treated for orbital walls fractures were retrieved and analyzed regarding age, sex, etiology, anatomical site, and treatment modality. Descriptive data presented as simple frequencies and percentages. A total of 76 patients with 100 orbital wall fractures, age range was 4-68 years old with a mean age 28 (SD±12), of whom were 53 (69.7%) were male and 23(30.3%) were female, with male:female ratio was 2:1. The most common etiology of all orbital walls fractures was RTA in 47 patients (61.8%; P ≤0.021), followed by violence in male patients. The most prevalent age-group was 21-30 years old with 16 patients (21.05%; P ≤0.235), and single orbital wall fractures 56 (56%) were more common than combined orbital wall fractures. In conclusion, this study will contribute to identifying the best clinical therapy and protective techniques for individuals with orbital fractures. Key words:Orbital fracture, Etiology, Orbital trauma, Road traffic accidents, Trauma.

The Pattern of Midface Fractures in Jordan: A Retrospective Review of Medical Records.

Midface fracture incidence and trauma patterns vary across countries, due to socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural factors. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the etiology, pattern, and treatment of midface fractures in North of Jordan during 2018-2021. This single-center retrospective study was based on the review of the medical records of patients who had suffered midface fractures and were treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the King Abdullah University Hospital. The dataset for this investigation spanned the 4-year period from January 2018 to December 2021. During the 4-year period, 267 patients presented with 376 different maxillofacial fractures. Of those, 140 patients had 250 midface fractures, with a mean of 1.79 per patient. Their age ranged from 2 to 68 years (mean [standard deviation] = 25.8 [12.0] years). The most frequent injury cause was road traffic accidents (RTA) (n = 72, 51.3%), followed by falls (n = 27, 19.3%). Among midface fractures, the most frequent were orbit fractures (42.4%), followed by zygomatic fractures (31.6%) and maxillary fractures (26%). The majority of fractures (77.9%) were treated through open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), while the remaining (15.7%) required closed reduction and conservative treatment was sufficient in 6.43% of fractures. Midface fractures were more common among males, and primarily occurred in the orbital floor due to the high incidence of RTAs. Maxillary fractures were mostly of the LeFort I Type and ORIF was the most common treatment modality.

A Machine Learning Hybrid Approach for Diagnosing Plants Bacterial and Fungal Diseases

Bacterial and Fungal diseases may affect the yield of stone fruit and cause damage to the Chlorophyll synthesis process, which is crucial for tree growth and fruiting. However, due to their similar visual shot-hole symptoms, novice agriculturalists and ordinary farmers usually cannot identify and differentiate these two diseases. This work investigates and evaluates the use of machine learning for diagnosing these two diseases. It aims at paving the way toward creating a generic deep learning-based model that can be embedded in a mobile phone application or in a web service to provide a fast, reliable, and cheap diagnosis for plant diseases which help reduce the excessive, unnecessary, or improper use of pesticides, which can harm public health and the environment. The dataset consists of hundreds of samples collected from stone fruit farms in the north of Jordan under normal field conditions. The image features were extracted using a CNN algorithm that was pre-trained with millions of images, and the diseases were identified using three machine learning classification algorithms: 1) K-nearest neighbour (KNN); 2) Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD); and 3) Random Forests (RF). The resulting models were evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation, with CNN-KNN achieving the best AUC performance with a score of 98.5%. On the other hand, the CNN-SGD model performed best in Classification Accuracy (CA) with a score of 93.7%. The results shown in the Confusion Matrix, ROC, Lift, and Calibration curves also confirmed the validity and robustness of the constructed models.

Paleostress Determination and Structural Analysis of the Area between Amman and Qasr Al-Hallabat, North Jordan

This research derives paleostress tensors for deformation affecting late Cretaceous rocks between Amman and Al-Hallabat, northern Jordan and reconstructs the region's tectonic history. Three distinct formations are exposed in the investigated area: Wadi As Sir (Turonian), Wadi Umm Ghudran (Santonin), and Amman silicified limestone (Campanian). The stress inversion is derived from data collected on the fault-slip at four different locations, revealing both extensional and compressive regimes. The research region is divided into two sectors based on these paleostress regimes: a SW sector dominated by extensional to transtensive stress regimes (with a stress index varying from 0.68 to 0.80) and a NE sector characterized by compression (with a stress index ranging from 2.60 to 2.65). Furthermore, the SE stress sector is found to be consistent with the NNW-SSE Neogene extension. In contrast, the NE stress sector was associated with a Syrian Arc Stress Field orientated E-W to ESE-WNW throughout the late Cretaceous. Fracture analysis identifies two types of fractures within the study area: shear and extensional. Both fractures correspond with fault-slip data and inferred stress direction.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity among Wild Ruta chalepensis L. from the North of Jordan

Ruta chalepensis, known as Fringed Rue, is a small shrub of the Rutaceae family. To date, there is no record of its natural distribution across Jordan, a country located in the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin, and there are no previous studies on its genetic diversity in the region. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity of R. chalepensis in the northern parts of Jordan using morphological trait and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses. For the morphological traits, the analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between the identified populations. The Shannon diversity indices showed relatively high values, indicating the existence of a high variability among the identified populations. The principal component analysis explained 82% of the variation between the collected plants, and a clear separation of the collected individuals from the Jarash-A, Jarash-B and Ajloun-B populations from the rest of the populations was observed. The heatmap clustering was in general agreement with the results of the principal component analysis, with the plant height, rachis length and plant width considered as the discriminative traits. The AFLP analysis using eight different primer combinations generated 59 polymorphic bands, with an average polymorphism information content value of 0.32. The phylogenetic analysis identified three main clusters, with the first cluster including 65% of the individuals collected from the Jarash and Ajloun provinces, with a clear separation of the Jarash-B population. The AMOVA revealed that the genetic variation between the populations contributed 30% of the total genetic variation, while the variation within the populations explained 70%. In conclusion, morphological traits and molecular markers were used successfully to assess the genetic diversity among wild R. chalepensis from the north of Jordan, and such data can be used for future conservation plans and utilization purposes.

Student Teachers' Perceptions of their Development of 21st Century Competencies

Changes in science and technology and future employment competencies are needed for lifelong learning necessity cultivating students' development and progress in 21st century competencies. The purpose of the study was to examine Jordanian student teachers' perceptions of whether their teacher education had prepared them for 21st-century competencies, and how well they applied these competencies to their classroom teaching. The study also identified best practices, major obstacles, and suggestions for achieving these competencies. The study was conducted in two universities in the South and three universities in the North of Jordan that offer teacher education programs. A mixed-methods approach was used for this study. The sample consisted of 457 Student teachers who completed a structured questionnaire with open-ended questions to assess 21st-century competencies. Quantitative data analysis relies on descriptive statistics and correlations, while qualitative data analysis relies on content analysis. Despite differences in competency, the student teachers achieved 21st-century competencies based on their self-assessment. Students' perceptions of whether they succeed in implementing 21st-century competencies in their classrooms were documented in this study. The best-achieved competency was collaboration, and the least well-achieved competency was global connections. Answers to open-ended questions provided convincing evidence that courses involving collaborative and interactive learning, high quality, sufficient support, relevant 21st-century competencies, and integrating theory and practice can contribute significantly to the development of student teachers' 21st-century competencies.

Composition of glass bracelets and rings from the Ayyubid-Mamluk cemetery at Dohaleh, north Jordan

Twenty-six glass bracelets and three finger rings from an Ayyubid-Mamluk (1179–1517 CE) cemetery at Dohaleh, North Jordan, have been analysed by electron microprobe. They fall into six compositional groups, based upon their alkali- and silica-related components. Groups A and F were made using Levantine plant ash but differ in their silica sources, they are typically decolorized using manganese. Groups B, C and E overlap in terms of silica-related components but may be sub-divided on the basis of alkali source; this appears to have been a mineral alkali, possibly from Anatolia. A single bracelet (Group D) shows characteristics of Mesopotamian glass. All groups show evidence of tin-opacification, but the color palette of the mineral soda glasses is more restricted; furthermore, they were not decolorized using manganese. The results suggest that glass bracelets were being obtained from a wide range of sources.