North Indian Population Research Articles

Applicability of moyer's probability tables in north indian population of 16-18 years old.

To determine the applicability of Moyer's probability tables in North Indian population of 16-18 year olds and to formulate a new regression equation for the same group of population. Evaluative Study. 1000 children aged 16-18 years were selected as sample for the measurement of mesiodistal widths of permanent mandibular incisors, maxillary and mandibular canines and premolars using study models. The recorded values were then subjected to statistical analysis. Software Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0. The actual widths of the canine and premolars showed highly significant differences in maxilla and in mandible (P < 0.001), compared to widths predicted by Moyer's probability table at 75th percentile. Moyer's mixed dentition analysis was not an accurate method for prediction in North Indian population as it showed overestimation of tooth sizes. Hence, new regression equation has been formulated for the same.

Establishment of individuality and determination of inheritance from hair keratin phenotypes in North Indian population

Establishment of individuality and determination of inheritance from hair keratin phenotypes in North Indian population

Estimation of stature from percutaneous measurement of femur length in young females in north Indian population

Stature estimation is one of the important parameters that helps in establishing the identity of unknown deceased individual. Such identification becomes particularly essential in a scene of crime or in cases of natural disaster.The task becomes morechallenging when the body has skeletonized and or is mutilated. Lengths of limb bones may be considered for stature estimation and various equations/formulas canbe formulated which can then be applied to derive the stature. However, these equations and formulas as calculated byvarious authors are specific for gender, race and age of an individual. In India, due to extensive diversity,there is need to develop formulas that are specific for gender and population subgroup.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography of Mesiobuccal Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary Molars in Delhi-NCR Population- A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Adequate knowledge of the anatomic variation and root canal morphology is paramount for long term endodontic success. The presence of two canals in Mesiobuccal (MB) root is commonly associated with maxillary molars in various populations. Aim: To retrospectively evaluate the prevalence of a second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) in maxillary first and second molars in Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) population using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) analysis. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the records of complete maxillary CBCT scans of 204 maxillary first and second molars from January 2016 till May 2019 from different CBCT centres in Delhi-NCR region to determine the anatomy and morphology in June 2019. The prevalence of second MB2 canals was recorded and associated with age, gender and symmetry. The z-test for proportions was used to assess the differences among the subgroups. Results: The number of roots in 204 teeth in both maxillary molars were determined. The prevalence of 3-rooted configuration was 98.55% in maxillary first molars and 79.4% in maxillary 2nd molars. Also, in maxillary 2nd molars, 7.4% were single rooted and 13.2% had 2-rooted configuration. Three rooted configuration and variable canal number was commonly reported in maxillary molars. Prevalence of MB2 canal was 87.2% in maxillary 1st molars and 64.2% in maxillary 2nd molars. Also, the prevalence was 87.2% bilaterally in maxillary first molars and 65.7% on the right and 53.9% on the left in maxillary second molars respectively. Type IV canal configuration was most prevalent in 44.60% of maxillary first molars and type 1 configuration (35.78%) for the maxillary second molars. Conclusion: Prevalence of MB2 canals in maxillary first and second molars was found to be high in North Indian population and the clinician should suspect its presence in all cases. Prevalence of MB2 had bilaterally symmetrical distribution without any association with age or gender. The MB roots were more likely to exhibit type IV and type II canal configurations in maxillary first molars and type I and type II configurations in second molars.

Prevalence and Distribution of Coronary Dominance and Ramus Intermedius in North Indian Population on CT Coronary Angiography- A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The Computed Tomography (CT) coronary angiography is a non invasive method to evaluate coronary artery stenosis in patients presenting with cardiac symptoms. It can also be used to decide coronary artery dominance which has various clinical implications like relatively higher death rates in left dominant coronary circulation. The most common variation of left coronary artery is ramus intermedius seen in approximately 30% of cases. Aim: To find the type of coronary artery dominance in male and female patients and to look for the prevalence of ramus intermedius in patients undergoing CT angiography for coronary artery disease following cardiac symptoms and to look for predominance based on gender if any. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 161 patients who visited the Department of Radiodiagnosis, Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India from January 2020 to October 2020 for CT coronary angiography on 64 slice CT scan machine and were evaluated for the type of coronary dominance and the presence or absence of ramus intermedius. Results: Of 161 patients (108 males and 53 females), right, left and co-dominance was present in 77%, 14.9%, and 8%, respectively with no significant difference between the sexes. Ramus intermedius was present in 20.4% cases, it was found to be more in males (16.77%) compared to females (3.73%). significantly more in males (Chi-square=4.0820, p=0.0430), and co-dominance (Chi-square=6.2930, p=0.0430). Conclusion: Right dominance was found to be in a greater number of subjects as compared to left dominance and co- dominance with no significant difference between both the sexes. Ramus intermedius came out as a common variation and is significantly more in co-dominance.

Morphometric analysis of proximal end of femur in north Indian population

Background: Morphometric analysis help in reconstruction of bone and a proper surgical planning. It also helps in making of surgical plates and creating of screw and other implanted supported which help in proper management of proximal fracture treatment. Such type of morphometric measurement also helps an anthropology and forensic analysis. Objectives: To determine the dimension of proximal end of femur Material and Methods: This is an observational cross sectional study.100 femur were taken with known sex to measure the head vertical diameter (HVD), Neck vertical diameter and Head transverse diameter on both side of each humerus. The different parameters of each humerus were measured by with the help of Digital Vernier calipers. Results: The mean head vertical diameter of male was 45.46 &plusmn; 1.7 and in female 40.57 &plusmn; 2.56. The mean neck vertical diameter of male 32.57 &plusmn; 2.857 and in female it was 24.59 &plusmn; 2.9. The mean head transverse diameter for male was 44.91 &plusmn; 1.91 and in female 40.36 &plusmn; 2.57.

Demographic Profile and Clinicopathological Patterns of Colorectal Cancer in Subhimalayan North India

Background: Despite colorectal carcinoma being one of the common cancers with an increasing incidence over the past few decades, there are only a few studies that have assessed its demographic, clinical, and pathological profile in the north Indian population. Objective: To assess the demographic and clinicopathological patterns of colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients in the subhimalayan region of North IndiaMaterials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the data of 244 patients with CRC who were referred to a state-owned medical college in Himachal Pradesh, India, between January 2016 and April 2020. Demographic, clinical, and pathological information was extracted from patient record files. Results: The mean age of patients in the study was 51.2 years, with an age range from 19 to 81 years. Approximately 48% of the patients were aged between 40 and 60 years, 15% were younger than 40 years, 56% of the patients were male, and 44% of the patients were female. Rectal bleeding (~46%), change in bowel habits (~41%), and abdominal pain (39%) were the common clinical symptoms. Overall, 73% of the patients were diagnosed at a mean duration of five months after the onset of their symptoms, and approximately 36% of the patients were in stage II and 48% were in stage III at the time of diagnosis. Colon carcinoma accounted for 76% of the patients, 17% had rectal carcinoma, 5% had carcinoma of recto-sigmoid, and 2% of the patients were diagnosed with ano-rectal carcinoma. Histopathologically ~ 81% patients had adenocarinoma, 14% had mucous carcinoma, 3% had signet ring carcinoma, and 2% had NET. Conclusions: In the subhimalayan region in North India, CRC has a higher male gender predominance, with a substantial number of patients younger than 40 years. Most of the cases are diagnosed after a mean duration of five months of the symptoms. Colon carcinomas are more common than rectal carcinomas, with left-sided colon carcinomas being more common than right-sided colon carcinomas. The majority of tumors are adenocarcinomas, whereas mucinous carcinomas are less common and signet ring carcinomas are rare. A greater number of patients with right-sided colon carcinomas have a higher stage and a more aggressive tumor grade at the time of diagnosis. The study also shows that there is a need to be more vigilant for colorectal carcinoma in patients with lower GIT symptoms and it lays emphasis on a colorectal screening program in such patients, to enable early detection of this tumor.

Cross-Sectional Study to Estimate the Prevalence of AD and Identify the Risk Factors Associated with its Development in the Rural Community of India

Introduction: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory, relapsing dermatological disorder with onset at an early age. Objective: This study was done to estimate the prevalence of AD in a rural community setting in North Indian population using UK Working Party criteria for AD and to assess the association of risk factors with AD by comparing with a non-AD subgroup in the study population. Materials and methods: Consecutive patients with a diagnosis of AD (as assessed using Hanifin and Rajka criteria) were pooled out from 495 participating children from the Fatehgarh district of Punjab (30.6435°N, 76.3970°E). Various clinical and epidemiological features were considered and the significantly associated risk factors were evaluated by comparing the AD and non-AD subgroups. Results: Out of 495 participants, seventeen participants (3.4%) were diagnosed with atopic dermatitis. Sixteen (3.2%), participants were in the age group ≤ 1 year, 118(23.8%) between 1 to 5 years and 361(72.9%) were >5 years of age respectively. Male to female ratio in these age groups was 1:1.06 in less than 1 year age group, 0.8: 1 in 1 to 5 year age groups and 1.06:1 in the 6 to 18 years age group. In our study, various risk factors were assessed with respect to their association with AD using univariable and multi variable regression analysis. The regression coefficient was significant for daycare centers, early use of antibiotics and tendency for cutaneous infection, in both univariable and multivariable analysis while use of curd during first two years of life was protective in the univarible regression analysis. Conclusion: There are only a few studies from India on the prevalence of AD but none from a community setting. We observed a lower prevalence of AD in the rural community. An early exposure to antibiotics and attendance at day care centers (Anganwaris) was seen to be associated with the development of AD. More epidemiological studies on childhood and adulthood AD in different areas of the country are needed to see the real burden of disease.

An Analysis of Association of Human Leukocyte Antigen and Liver Disease Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital, India

Background and Objectives: In addition, the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in transplantation, importance of HLA in disease susceptibility, and protection has been widely studied. The aim of the present study was to find out the HLA allelic frequency (HLA-A,-B,-DRB1) and its association with liver diseases. Methods: The present study was done for the duration of 4 years from 2013 to 2017 in a tertiary care center which primarily caters to north Indian patient population. A total of 429 patients were studied. The HLA genotyping was performed by molecular method using commercial available low resolution ABDR sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe-based method (Luminex platform). Results: There was an increased association of HLA-A*01 (n = 9, 18.6%), HLA-B*15, B*35, B*40, B*44 (n = 5, 11.6%), and HLA-DRB1*15 (n = 9, 20.9%) in 43 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related disease. There was an increased association of HLA-A*24 (n = 9, 20.7%), HLA-B*35, B*40 (n = 14, 15.2%), and HLA-DRB1*15 (n = 17, 18.5%) in 92 patients with alcohol-related disease. An increased association of HLA-A*11 (n = 30, 19.6%), HLA-B*35 (n = 24, 16.8%) and HLA-DRB1*15 (n = 28, 19.6%) in 143 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) related disease. Conclusion: This is possibly the first study in the north Indian patients having liver diseases related to HBV, HCV, and alcohol related with respect to A, B, and DR loci previous studies from India were conducted to see disease association of HLA class I and class II with respect to HCV only.

Digital devices; a boon or bane: Ocular and musculoskeletal manifestations during lockdown in COVID-19 pandemic among general population of North India

Introduction: During the lockdown in COVID-19 days, excessive usage of digital devices leads to various consequences of ocular and musculoskeletal problems, mainly in the form of computer vision syndrome (CVS) and repetitive strain injury (RSI).Objectives: The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of symptoms of CVS and RSI and their association between the duration of use of electronic devices among the general population of North India during the period of lockdown (March–May, 2020).Methodology: The present study was a cross-sectional, descriptive, population-based study conducted during the 2 months period of lockdown between April and May 2020. The general population of all age groups of North India who were using any form of digital device with internet connectivity was included in the study. Sample size of 255 was achieved. Convenience and snowball sampling technique was applied. Study tool was pretested, structured, self-administered online survey forms using the Google forms.Results: One or more symptoms of CVS were reported by 69% of the study population while 21.6% reported repetitive strain injuries. Around ten times significantly higher probability of having CVS was observed among those with more than 9 h of usage of electronic devices per day (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; 9.94 [3.07–32.16]) as compared to those using it for < 2 h a day.Conclusions: It is the need of the hour that there should be extensive dissemination of information, education, and communication services regarding the symptoms of CVS and RSI and their preventive measures among the general population.

Anatomical variations in scapula: A study with correlation to gender and sides

Introduction: Anatomical variation is defined as the normal flexibility in the topography and morphology of body structures. The present study was planned to study anatomical variations in dry scapula of North Indian population and their comparison between males and females on both sides. Material and Methods: The study was performed at the Department of Anatomy, PGIMS, Rohtak, on fifty pairs of human scapulae, out of which thirty were males and twenty were females. Various anatomical variations were noted such as sulcus for circumflex scapular artery, costal facets, horizontal inferior border, scapular foramina, and facet on inferior surface of acromion process. Morphological types of tip of acromion process, inferior surface of acromion process, and superior border of scapula were studied. These parameters were compared in both sexes on both the sides. Results: Majority of the anatomical variations were common in females in comparison to males. Discussion and Conclusion: Knowledge of the anatomical variations of scapula is the key to a successful outcome in the clinical setting.

Phenotypic Variation of Insulin Resistance among Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients in Semiurban North Indian Population

Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in the women of reproductive age. Studies show that there is an intensive relationship between insulin and gonadal function. As per Rotterdam Criteria, there are four major phenotypes of PCOS with different presentation. Early detection of Insulin Resistance (IR) and consequential prevention of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) associated with PCOS may lead to better prospect for the disease. Aim: To find the pattern of IR in all the phenotypes of PCOS in relation to Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Testosterone and thereby, providing data for designing phenotype specific treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, fasting insulin and fasting glucose were analysed to calculate Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) and Testosterone for total 144 female subjects of reproductive age group (18-40 years). Subjects were classified in to four groups as per Rotterdam Criteria. Complete PCOS (PCO-COM), PCO with Oligo/Anovulation (PCO-O), Anovulation with Hyperandrogenism (O-HA), and PCO with Hyperandrogenism (PCO-HA). Regression analysis was done to find the relation among the study variables. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the significant variance among the groups. Results: IR was found to be maximum among O-HA phenotype (2.4±0.37) and lowest among PCO-HA phenotypes (1.3±0.22). Regression analysis shows that there exist significant associations between IR and BMI (t=4.96, p=0.001) as well as between IR and WHR (t=2.97, p=0.003). No independent association between testosterone and IR was observed. Conclusion: Significant difference of IR, WHR, and BMI was observed among the four phenotypes of PCOS. Due to increased IR, O-HA and PCO-COM phenotypes are more predisposed to Cardiometabolic consequences of PCOS.

Prognostic value of TNF-a-308 and IFN-g-874 single nucleotide polymorphisms and their plasma levels in patients with aplastic anemia.

BackgroundAplastic anemia (AA), an unusual hematological disease, is characterized by hypoplasia of the bone marrow and failure to form blood cells of all three lineages resulting in pancytopenia. This study aimed to investigate TNF-α-308 and IFN-γ-874 gene polymorphisms and their respective plasma protein levels in patients with AA and healthy controls.MethodsTwo hundred and forty individuals were included in this study; the case group comprised 120 AA patients, while 120 healthy individuals served as controls. Genotyping was performed using the PCR-restriction length fragment polymorphism method and TNF-α-308 and IFN-γ-874 plasma levels were evaluated using an ELISA kit.ResultsThere was a significantly higher prevalence of the IFN-γ-874 genotype in patients with AA than in healthy controls, while the TNF-α-308 genotype was associated with lower risk of developing AA. Furthermore, the levels of both TNF-α-308 and IFN-γ-874 were higher in the plasma of AA patients.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the IFN-γ-874 genotype may be a greater risk factor in the causation of AA, whereas the TNF-α-308 genotype has a protective role in the North Indian population.

Diagnostic Utility of Biplex/Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction in Infectious Granulomatous Dermatitis in North Indian Population

A definite diagnosis of infectious granulomatous dermatitis (IGD) is difficult for both practicing dermatologists and dermatopathologists due to overlapping clinical and histomorphological features. We aimed to explore the role of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identifying a definite etiological agent for diagnosis and appropriate treatment in IGD in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Sixty-two cases of IGD were included, excluding leprosy. The histochemical stains including Ziehl-Neelsen, periodic acid-Schiff, and Giemsa were performed in all cases. A multiplex PCR was designed for detection of tuberculosis (TB) (IS6110 and mpt64), fungal infections (ITS1, ITS2; ZM1, and ZM3), and leishmaniasis (kDNA). The results of histomorphology, histochemical stains, and multiplex PCR were compared. Among 62 cases, the sensitivity rate of PCR detection for organisms was 16.7%, 0%, 100%, 72%, 75%, and 66.7% in patients with TB, suggestive of TB, leishmaniasis, fungal infections, and granulomatous dermatitis not otherwise specified and granulomatous dermatitis suggestive of fungus, respectively. The TB PCR using IS6110 primers was negative in all cases; however, PCR using mpt64 primers was positive in 33.33% cases of scrofuloderma. The histochemical stains including Ziehl-Neelsen for acid-fast bacilli, periodic acid-Schiff for fungus, and Giemsa for Leishman-Donovan bodies showed positivity in 11.3%, 43.5%, and 3.2%, respectively. A multiplex PCR (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Leishmania, and panfungal) is highly recommended in all cases of IGD where an etiological agent is difficult to establish by skin biopsy and histochemical stains along with a clinicopathological correlation. This will augment in appropriate treatment and will reduce empirical treatment and morbidity in such patients.

Evaluation of results of percutaneous vertebroplasty at a tertiary centre among north Indian population

Objective: To evaluate the results of percutaneous vertebroplasty at a tertiary centre among north Indian population. Methods: The study was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Prasad Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow. Patients with painful vertebral compressions involving Dorsal and Lumbar vertebrae due to osteoporosis, metastatic secondary of spine, multiple myeloma, benign conditions like hemangioma, specific traumatic spinal injuries who were admitted and treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty in the Department. The pain was assessed by Visual Analogue Score. Results: A total of 32 (12 male and 20 females) patients were included in the study. Osteoporotic cause was in more than half of patients (65.6%). Females were more affected (66.7%) than males (33.3.3%). Post traumatic cause was in 34.4% patients. Females were more affected (54.5%) than males (45.5%). However, there was no significant (p>0.05) difference in causes between male and females. Pre-op VAS was 5.94±0.92 which decreased to 0.87±1.35 at 6 months. The decrease in VAS from pre-op to 6 month was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Conclusion: Percutaneous Vertebroplasty is a simple, effective, reliable, easy to perform and minimally invasive procedure in patients with vertebral compressions, who have excessive pain and/or surgery has great risks. Key words: Vertebral compressions, percutaneous vertebroplasty, Visual Analogue Score

Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy/Foot Syndrome in the Rural Population of North India

Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy/Foot Syndrome in the Rural Population of North India

Prevalence and Determinants of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy/Foot Syndrome in the Rural Population of North India

Introduction: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common and troublesome complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), leads to a higher risk of diabetic foot ulcers and lower limb amputation. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of DPN among patients of type 2 DM from rural North India and associated risk factors for the condition. Materials and Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was carried out among type 2 diabetic patients attending the Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) clinic of a secondary care hospital in rural North India. A questionnaire that included sociodemographic details, clinical and laboratory parameters, and the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) for detecting peripheral neuropathy was administered to 100 consecutive eligible patients. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 was used for entering and analyzing data. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine the factors significantly associated with the presence of DPN. Results: The prevalence of DPN was found to be 42.0%. Male gender, advancing age (≥60 years), longer duration of diabetes (&gt;10 years), smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, uncontrolled blood pressure, poor glycemic control and altered lipid profile were found to be significantly associated with the presence of DPN. Conclusions: The prevalence of DPN among type 2 diabetes patients from rural northern India is alarmingly high. There is a need for essential screening of all diabetic patients by their primary care provider for early detection of DPN, particularly in rural India.

High levels of organochlorine pesticides in drinking water as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: A study in north India.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are well known synthetic pesticides widely used in agricultural practices and public health program. Higher toxicity, slow degradation, and bioaccumulation are the significant challenges of OCPs. Due to its uses in agricultural and public health, contamination of drinking water and water table also increases day by day. Contaminated drinking water has become a significant issue and alarming signal for public health globally. The purpose of this study was to assess the recent trend of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) level in drinking water and blood samples of the North Indian population and also to find out its association with glucose intolerance, lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance, which are known risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A case-control study was conducted on 130 Non-Glucose intolerance (NGT), 130 pre-diabetes and 130 recently diagnosed T2DM subjects of the age group of 30-70 years. Patients consuming drinking water from the same source for at least ten years were included in this study for blood and water samples collection. Significantly higher levels of α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT were found in groundwater samples. However, in tap water samples, the level of α-HCH was found to be slightly higher than the permissible limit of 0.001. Among all recruited subjects consuming contaminated groundwater, 42% had T2DM, 38% pre-diabetes, and the remaining 20% were found normal. We also observed that OCP contamination in groundwater is higher than tap and filter water. The levels of β-HCH, p,p'-DDE, and o,p'-DDT were higher in the pre-diabetes and T2DM group than the NGT group. With an increase of OCPs level in groundwater, the blood OCPs level tends to increase T2DM risk. It depicts that the elevated OCPs level in consumed groundwater may contribute to increased risk for the development of T2DM after a certain period of exposure.

Prevalence of halitosis and related factors in North Indian population- A hospital based cross-sectional study

Prevalence of halitosis and related factors in North Indian population- A hospital based cross-sectional study

Incremental Accuracy of Blood Biomarkers for Predicting Clinical Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

BackgroundIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality, morbidity, and recurrence. Studies have reported the accuracy of several blood biomarkers in predicting clinical outcomes; however, their independent contribution in prediction remains to be established. AimTo investigate the incremental accuracy in predicting clinical outcomes in patients with ICH in a north Indian population using blood-based biomarkers. MethodsIn this study, a total of 250 ICH cases were recruited within 72 hours of onset. Baseline clinical and CT scan measurement were recorded. Homocysteine (HCY), C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), E-selectin (SELE), and P-selectin (SELP) levels were measured through ELISA. Telephonic follow-up was done by using mRS scale at three months. ResultsThe mean age of cohort was 54.9 (SD±12.8) years with 64.8% patients being male. A total of 109 (43.6%) deaths were observed over three months follow-up. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve-(AUROC) for 90-day mortality were 0.55 (HCY), 0.62 (CRP), 0.57 (MMP9), 0.60 (SELE) and 0.53 (SELP) and for poor outcome at 90-day (mRS: 3-6) were 0.60 (HCY), 0.62 (CRP), 0.54 (MMP9), 0.67 (SELE) and 0.54 (SELP). In multivariable model including age, ICH volume, IVH and GCS at admission, serum SELE (p=0.004) significant for poor outcome with improved AUROC (0.86) and HCY (p=0.04), CRP (p=0.003) & MMP9 (p=0.02) for mortality with least Akaike's Information Criterion-(AIC) (1060.5). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the serum SELE is a significant predictor of poor outcome and HCY, CRP & MMP9 for Mortality in patients with ICH in the north Indian population.